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Liu C, Chen Q, He M, Liao Y. Allograft Model of Aortic Arch Segment Grafting to Abdominal Aorta Through End-to-Side Anastomosis in Mice. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s12265-024-10495-w. [PMID: 38409475 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-024-10495-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The mouse aortic transplantation model is a valuable tool for investigating the mechanisms of atherosclerosis regression, but few laboratories can generate it due to the operation difficulty, especially for the style of end-to-side anastomosis, which facilitates syngeneic heterotopic transplanting a plaque-rich aortic arch into the abdominal aorta. Here we provide a modified protocol for generating this allograft model, which is capable of overcoming several critical surgical challenges such as separating a longer abdominal aorta segment, reducing bleeding and thrombosis, optimizing aortotomy, and improving end-to-side anastomosis to guarantee a potent graft. By transplanting plaque-rich aortic arches into the abdominal aorta of wildtype mice, a high operation success rate (over 90%) was noted with aortic clamping time under 60 min, the graft potency was satisfactory evidenced by examinations of micro-CT, ultrasound, and lower limb blood flow measurement, while a significant atherosclerosis regression was observed in the grafts at 1 week after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiyu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Heart Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Heart Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mingyuan He
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Heart Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yulin Liao
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Heart Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China.
- Cardiovascular Center, the Affiliated Sixth Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, China.
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Li Y, Hu K, Li Y, Lu C, Guo Y, Wang W. The rodent models of arteriovenous fistula. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1293568. [PMID: 38304139 PMCID: PMC10830807 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1293568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) have long been used as dialysis access in patients with end-stage renal disease; however, their maturation and long-term patency still fall short of clinical needs. Rodent models are irreplaceable to facilitate the study of mechanisms and provide reliable insights into clinical problems. The ideal rodent AVF model recapitulates the major features and pathology of human disease as closely as possible, and pre-induction of the uremic milieu is an important addition to AVF failure studies. Herein, we review different surgical methods used so far to create AVF in rodents, including surgical suturing, needle puncture, and the cuff technique. We also summarize commonly used evaluations after AVF placement. The aim was to provide recent advances and ideas for better selection and induction of rodent AVF models. At the same time, further improvements in the models and a deeper understanding of AVF failure mechanisms are expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Li
- Departmentof Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Hu
- Departmentof Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiqing Li
- Departmentof Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chanjun Lu
- Department of General Vascular Surgery, Wuhan No.1 Hospital & Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Center, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weici Wang
- Departmentof Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Ren Z, Cui S, Lyu S, Wang J, Zhou L, Jia Y, He Q, Lang R. Establishment of rat allogenic vein replacement model and pathological characteristics of the replaced vessels. Front Surg 2022; 9:984959. [PMID: 36157414 PMCID: PMC9500297 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.984959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundWith the advancement of vascular anastomosis techniques in recent years, radical surgery for tumors combined with venous vascular resection and reconstruction has been widely used. This study intends to establish two different rat vein replacement models, and further analyze the pathological changes of blood vessels after replacement.MethodsBrown-Norway (BN) rats were selected as donors and recipients, randomly divided into control group, cuff group (1-week group, 2-week group, and 4-week group), and suture group (1-week group, 2-week group, and 4-week group), with 6 rats in each group. The perioperative conditions, inner diameter, flow velocity and histopathological changes of the replaced vessels at different time points were analyzed.ResultsBoth cuff group and suture group can safely establish the rat vein replacement model. From the surgical operation, the operation time and venous cross-clamp time in the cuff group were shorter than those in the suture group (P < 0.05). At 2 and 4 weeks after operation, the diameter of suture group was wider than that of cuff group, and the flow rate was faster (P < 0.05). With prolonged postoperative survival, the wall of the replaced vessels underwent infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes and high TGF-β1 gene expression. This leads to the proliferation of blood vessels and intimal layer. The results of vascular pathological staining showed that the infiltration degree of CD4+ lymphocytes at 2 weeks after operation and CD8+ lymphocytes at 4 weeks after operation in the suture group was lighter than that in the cuff group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, TGF-β1 gene content at 4 weeks after operation in suture group was significantly lower than that in cuff group (P < 0.05).ConclusionCompared with cuff method, suture method is more suitable for the study of long-term pathological changes after vein replacement in rats. The main pathological changes in the long term after venous replacement in syngeneic background may be vascular fibrosis caused by inflammatory cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiang He
- Correspondence: Ren Lang Qiang He
| | - Ren Lang
- Correspondence: Ren Lang Qiang He
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Simon F, Larena-Avellaneda A, Wipper S. Experimental Atherosclerosis Research on Large and Small Animal Models in Vascular Surgery. J Vasc Res 2022; 59:221-228. [PMID: 35760040 PMCID: PMC9533439 DOI: 10.1159/000524795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models have significantly advanced our understanding of the mechanisms of atherosclerosis formation and the evaluation of therapeutic options. The current focus of research is on preventive strategies and includes pharmacologic and biologic interventions directed primarily against smooth-muscle cell proliferation, endovascular devices for recanalization and/or drug delivery, and an integrated approach using both devices and pharmacobiologic agents. The experience over many decades with animal models in vascular research has established that a single, ideal, naturally available model for atherosclerosis does not exist. The spectrum ranges from large animals such as pigs to small animal experiments with genetically modified rodents such as the ApoE-/- mouse with correspondingly differently pronounced changes in their lipid and lipoprotein levels. The development of transgenic variants of currently available models, e.g., an ApoE-deficient rabbit line, has widened our options. Nevertheless, an appreciation of the individual features of natural or stimulated disease in each species is of importance for the proper design and execution of relevant experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Simon
- University Hospital Düsseldorf, Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Axel Larena-Avellaneda
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Asklepios Clinic Altona, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Wipper
- Department for Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Zou Y, Liu H, Cheng Zhou, Wu J. Sleeve Technique is Superior to End-to-End Anastomosis and Cuff Technology in Mouse Model of Graft Vascular Disease. Ann Vasc Surg 2021; 73:438-445. [PMID: 33539949 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2021.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graft vascular disease (GVD) is the main reason of late transplanted organ failure, which limits the long-term survival of patients. Murine aortic transplant is widely used in the field to understand the mechanisms leading to GVD. Currently, 3 major techniques, end-to-end anastomosis, sleeve suture and cuff technology, have been used to study the mechanism of GVD. However, which method is more suitable in mouse model of GVD? Herein, we compared these 3 surgical techniques in a mouse allograft arteriosclerosis model to determine the technique with the most appreciable outcomes. METHODS Male C57Bl/6 (H-2b) and BALB/c (H-2d) mice were used for aorta transplantation with these 3 techniques. These 3 techniques were compared with regard to donor artery acquisition time, artery anastomosis time, overall surgical time, the amount of bleeding of each technique and the success rate of surgery. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson staining were used to examine the pathological changes of grafted vessels. The protein expression of phospho-NF-κb P65 and PCNA were determined to validate laminar flow and proliferative capacity of neointima obtained from different surgical and control groups. RESULTS Sleeve suture had a shorter vascular anastomosis time and total operation time than end-to-end anastomosis and cuff technique. Sleeve suture and cuff technique had significantly fewer amount of bleeding from the site of vascular anastomosis than end-to-end anastomosis. Moreover, sleeve suture had the highest success rate among these 3 techniques. There was no difference in the degree of graft stenosis and collagen deposition between these 3 techniques. In addition, there was no significant difference in the expression of phospho-NF-κb P65and PCNA between the experimental group. CONCLUSIONS Sleeve suture is superior to end-to-end anastomosis and cuff technique with regard to vascular grafting in the murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiang Zou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Yu Y, Li J, Bi Z, Wu C, Yang S, Jiang Q, Deng R, Fu Q, Liu L, Wang C. Cuff Anastomosis of Both Renal Artery and Vein to Minimize Thrombosis: A Novel Method of Kidney Transplantation in Mice. J INVEST SURG 2020; 35:56-60. [PMID: 32965132 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2020.1821264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Anastomosis of renal artery and renal vein in mouse models of kidney transplantation is technically challenging. Conventional technique using suture may result in vascular thrombosis. We developed a simple cuff method to anastomose both renal artery and vein. MATERIALS AND METHODS Briefly, the left renal artery was occluded at the junction with abdominal aorta using a small vessel clip, transected at the renal hilum, irrigated with heparinized saline, and passed through the lumen of a seamless tubing made of polyimide. The loose end of the artery was everted over the cuff and secured using an 8-0 silk suture. The cuffed artery was inserted into the donor renal artery and secured with an 8-0 suture. Anastomosis of the renal vein was performed similarly. Isograft transplantation was conducted using BALB/c mice as donor and recipient mice (n = 20). The total operative time was 77 ± 3 min, and the cold ischemic time of the graft kidney was minimized to 20 min. One animal was excluded due to anatomic variant vessels and another one died at three day after surgery without thrombosis. RESULTS Serum creatinine increased insignificantly after transplantation and remained stable over 12 weeks posttransplant. Five recipient mice were sacrificed for histologic examination at 12 weeks after transplantation. No vascular thrombosis was observed at the site of anastomosis. The isografts showed no evidence of acute and chronic lesions such as extinctive ischemic sclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. CONCLUSION In summary, cuff anastomosis can be used to eliminate thrombosis formation in the mouse model of kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Organ Transplant Center, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Jun Li
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zirong Bi
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenglin Wu
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shicong Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qifeng Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Huayin Medical Laboratory Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ronghai Deng
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Fu
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longshan Liu
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changxi Wang
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, China
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7
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Wang F, Pan S, Yao G, Zhang D, Wei X, Jiang S, Guo Y, Yu L. TIPE2 Improves the immune tolerance of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells. ALL LIFE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2020.1757517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- The Senond Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Sisi Pan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, China
| | - Guanping Yao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Dengshen Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Xiaodong Wei
- Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Yingqiang Guo
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Limei Yu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
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Zhu P, Atkinson C, Dixit S, Cheng Q, Tran D, Patel K, Jiang YL, Esckilsen S, Miller K, Bazzle G, Allen P, Moore A, Broome AM, Nadig SN. Organ preservation with targeted rapamycin nanoparticles: a pre-treatment strategy preventing chronic rejection in vivo. RSC Adv 2018; 8:25909-25919. [PMID: 30220998 PMCID: PMC6124302 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01555d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothermic preservation is the standard of care for storing organs prior to transplantation. Endothelial and epithelial injury associated with hypothermic storage causes downstream graft injury and, as such, the choice of an ideal donor organ preservation solution remains controversial. Cold storage solutions, by design, minimize cellular necrosis and optimize cellular osmotic potential, but do little to assuage immunological cell activation or immune cell priming post transplantation. Thus, here we explore the efficacy of our previously described novel Targeted Rapamycin Micelles (TRaM) as an additive to standard-of-care University of Wisconsin preservation solution as a means to alter the immunological microenvironment post transplantation using in vivo models of tracheal and aortic allograft transplantation. In all models of transplantation, grafts pre-treated with 100 ng mL-1 of TRaM augmented preservation solution ex vivo showed a significant inhibition of chronic rejection post-transplantation, as compared to UW augmented with free rapamycin at a ten-fold higher dose. Here, for the first time, we present a novel method of organ pretreatment using a nanotherapeutic-based cellular targeted delivery system that enables donor administration of rapamycin, at a ten-fold decreased dose during cold storage. Clinically, these pretreatment strategies may positively impact post-transplant outcomes and can be readily translated to clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lee Patterson Allen Transplant Immunobiology Laboratory, Medical University of South Carolina, USA.,Institute of Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Carl Atkinson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lee Patterson Allen Transplant Immunobiology Laboratory, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Suraj Dixit
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, USA.
| | - Qi Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lee Patterson Allen Transplant Immunobiology Laboratory, Medical University of South Carolina, USA.,Institute of Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Danh Tran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lee Patterson Allen Transplant Immunobiology Laboratory, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Kunal Patel
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lee Patterson Allen Transplant Immunobiology Laboratory, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Yu-Lin Jiang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, USA.
| | - Scott Esckilsen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lee Patterson Allen Transplant Immunobiology Laboratory, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Kayla Miller
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, USA.
| | - Grace Bazzle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lee Patterson Allen Transplant Immunobiology Laboratory, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Patterson Allen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lee Patterson Allen Transplant Immunobiology Laboratory, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Alfred Moore
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, USA.
| | - Ann-Marie Broome
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, USA
| | - Satish N Nadig
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lee Patterson Allen Transplant Immunobiology Laboratory, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
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9
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Chan AHP, Tan RP, Michael PL, Lee BSL, Vanags LZ, Ng MKC, Bursill CA, Wise SG. Evaluation of synthetic vascular grafts in a mouse carotid grafting model. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174773. [PMID: 28355300 PMCID: PMC5371373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Current animal models for the evaluation of synthetic grafts are lacking many of the molecular tools and transgenic studies available to other branches of biology. A mouse model of vascular grafting would allow for the study of molecular mechanisms of graft failure, including in the context of clinically relevant disease states. In this study, we comprehensively characterise a sutureless grafting model which facilitates the evaluation of synthetic grafts in the mouse carotid artery. Using conduits electrospun from polycaprolactone (PCL) we show the gradual development of a significant neointima within 28 days, found to be greatest at the anastomoses. Histological analysis showed temporal increases in smooth muscle cell and collagen content within the neointima, demonstrating its maturation. Endothelialisation of the PCL grafts, assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and CD31 staining, was near complete within 28 days, together replicating two critical aspects of graft performance. To further demonstrate the potential of this mouse model, we used longitudinal non-invasive tracking of bone-marrow mononuclear cells from a transgenic mouse strain with a dual reporter construct encoding both luciferase and green fluorescent protein (GFP). This enabled characterisation of mononuclear cell homing and engraftment to PCL using bioluminescence imaging and histological staining over time (7, 14 and 28 days). We observed peak luminescence at 7 days post-graft implantation that persisted until sacrifice at 28 days. Collectively, we have established and characterised a high-throughput model of grafting that allows for the evaluation of key clinical drivers of graft performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex H. P. Chan
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard P. Tan
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Praveesuda L. Michael
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bob S. L. Lee
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Laura Z. Vanags
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Martin K. C. Ng
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christina A. Bursill
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Steven G. Wise
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
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