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Han Z, Wang N, Qiao Q, He X, Wang N. Association of PD-L1 Expression with Clinicopathologic Characters in Gastric Cancer: A Comprehensive Meta-analysis. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:3198-3216. [PMID: 37921182 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673263784230922060257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The expression level of programmed death ligand-1(PD-L1) in patients with gastric cancer is the key to determining the use of immune drugs. The relationship between PD-L1 expression level and clinical characteristics is worth exploring. METHODS By setting the search terms correlated to PD-L1 and gastric cancer, a nearly comprehensive search was carried out in four major databases, and the deadline for searching was September 1, 2022. The retrieved documents were further screened by strict inclusion and exclusion criteria after removing the duplication. Next, the quality of the included studies was evaluated with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) scale. Finally, the STATA15.1 software was used to process data and draw plots, and the odds ratios (ORs) were adopted to assess the pooled effect size. RESULTS A total of 85 works of literature were included in this study through screening strictly, and detailed data were extracted after evaluating the quality of the literature. The process of analysis was conducted in the whole population, Asia-Africa population, European and American population, and Asian population with CPS≥1, amd all found that the expression of PD-L1 in gastric cancer was correlated with age, tumor size, EBV infection, Her-2 expression and microsatellite status. However, the subgroup of the region also found some differences in Asian and Western regions, which was interesting and worth studying further. The included research of this study did not have significant publish bias. CONCLUSION After careful analysis, this study found that age (>60 years), tumor size (>5cm), EBV infection (+), Her-2 expression (+), microsatellite status (MSI), and mismatch repair status (dMMR) were risk factors for positive expression of PD-L1 in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Han
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Qing Qiao
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Xianli He
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
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Dan A, Swain R, Belonce S, Jacobs RJ. Therapeutic Effects of Medicinal Mushrooms on Gastric, Breast, and Colorectal Cancer: A Scoping Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e37574. [PMID: 37193480 PMCID: PMC10183216 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of mortality globally. With anticancer medications causing severe adverse effects, understanding the role of alternative and efficacious anticancer treatments with minimal or no side effects can be beneficial. Edible mushrooms have been associated with certain health benefits and exhibit a broad range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating activities. The anticancer potential of different mushrooms is now being tested. The goal of this scoping review was to discuss the most recent and available evidence on the therapeutic uses of medicinal mushrooms in cancer treatment, specifically those cancers with some of the highest mortality rates (i.e., gastric, breast, and colorectal cancer). Randomly controlled trials, clinical trials, and retrospective cohort studies (with placebo group) with human subjects published between 2012-2023 were searched using the databases Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINHAL), and Alt HealthWatch. The initial search yielded 2,202 articles. After removing 853 duplicate citations, 1,349 articles remained and were screened for study eligibility and accessibility, leaving 26 articles. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were then used to assess the remaining 26 full-text articles and nine articles were selected for the final review. The characteristics of the nine studies reported the efficacy of medicinal mushrooms Lentinus edodes (Shiitake), Coriolus versicolor (Turkey Tail), and Agaricus Sylvaticus (Scaly Wood), in treating symptoms, medication side effects, anti-tumor effects, and survival outcomes in gastric, breast, and colorectal cancers. Findings from this review suggest that medicinal mushrooms have the potential to prevent lymph node metastasis, prolong overall survival, decrease chemotherapy-induced side effects (e.g., diarrhea, vomiting), affect the immune system, and help maintain immune function and quality of life in patients with certain cancers. More research is needed with human subjects using RCTs with larger samples to ensure accurate outcomes and ascertain the most efficacious dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Dan
- Department of Nutrition, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Robyn Swain
- Department of Nutrition, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Seigna Belonce
- Department of Nutrition, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Robin J Jacobs
- Departments of Research/Health Informatics/Nutrition, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
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He Z, Lin J, He Y, Liu S. Polysaccharide-Peptide from Trametes versicolor: The Potential Medicine for Colorectal Cancer Treatment. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2841. [PMID: 36359361 PMCID: PMC9687461 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer have shown an upward trend in the past decade. Therefore, the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of colorectal cancer still need our continuous attention. Finding compounds with strong anticancer activity and low toxicity is a good strategy for colorectal cancer (CRC) therapy. Trametes versicolor is a traditional Chinese medicinal mushroom with a long history of being used to regulate immunity and prevent cancer. Its extractions were demonstrated with strong cell growth inhibitory activity on human colorectal tumor cells, while the anticancer activity of them is not acted through a direct cytotoxic effect. However, the intricacy and high molecular weight make mechanistic research difficult, which restricts their further application as a medication in clinical cancer treatment. Recent research has discovered a small molecule polysaccharide peptide derived from Trametes versicolor that has a distinct structure after decades of Trametes versicolor investigation. Uncertain molecular weight and a complex composition are problems that have been solved through studies on its structure, and it was demonstrated to have strong anti-proliferation activity on colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo via interaction with EGFR signaling pathway. It opens up new horizons for research in this field, and these low molecular weight polysaccharide peptides provide a new insight of regulation of colorectal cancer proliferation and have great potential as drugs in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingying He
- School of Chemical Science & Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Shubai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Research Progress on the Mechanisms of Polysaccharides against Gastric Cancer. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185828. [PMID: 36144560 PMCID: PMC9501385 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a common type of cancer that poses a serious threat to human health. Polysaccharides are important functional phytochemicals, and research shows that polysaccharides have good anti-gastric cancer effects. We collated all relevant literature published from 2000 to 2020 and found that more than 60 natural polysaccharides demonstrate anti-gastric cancer activity. At the present, the sources of these polysaccharides include fungi, algae, tea, Astragalus membranaceus, Caulis Dendrobii, and other foods and Chinese herbal medicines. By regulating various signaling pathways, including the PI3K/AKT, MAPK, Fas/FasL, Wnt/β-catenin, IGF-IR, and TGF-β signaling pathways, polysaccharides induce gastric cancer cell apoptosis, cause cell cycle arrest, and inhibit migration and invasion. In addition, polysaccharides can enhance the immune system and killing activity of immune cells in gastric cancer patients and rats. This comprehensive review covers the extraction, purification, structural characterization, and mechanism of plant and fungal polysaccharides against gastric cancer. We hope this review is helpful for researchers to design, research, and develop plant and fungal polysaccharides.
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Wang TY, Chen CY, Huang TH, Yang YH, Chen KJ, Chou WC, Lu CH. Protein-bound polysaccharide K prolonged overall survival in gastric cancer patients from a non-Japanese Asian country who received gastrectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29632. [PMID: 35866836 PMCID: PMC9302315 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Adding protein-bound polysaccharide K (PSK) to adjuvant chemotherapy with mitomycin and fluorouracil after gastrectomy for gastric cancer was demonstrated to improve survival in a previous study in Japan. However, the efficacy of PSK outside Japan and in combination with other adjuvant chemotherapeutic agents remains unclear. The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of PSK. We conducted a population-based historical cohort study using the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. We performed sensitivity analysis with propensity score matching to control for possible confounders. Patients who used PSK (PSK group) were matched at a 1:4 ratio to those who had never used PSK (control group) after adjusting for covariates including sex, age, urbanization, income and comorbidities. The primary outcome was overall survival. Multivariate hazard ratios from competing risk analysis were calculated by adjusting for demographic data and all confounding factors. From 1999 to 2008, we identified 10,617 patients with gastric cancer received gastrectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy. 1295 patients used PSK (PSK group) and 5180 patients never used PSK (control group) were analyzed after propensity score matching. The median overall survival was 6.49 years (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.22-7.63) in the PSK group and 3.59 years (95% CI 3.38-3.80) in the control group. After adjusting for age, sex, urbanization, income, and comorbidities, adding PSK to adjuvant chemotherapy was the most significant prognostic factor for improved survival (hazard ratio 0.76, P < .0001). Adjuvant chemotherapy combined with PSK significantly prolonged overall survival in gastric cancer patients after gastrectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yao Wang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Department of Early Childhood Care and Education, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hao Huang
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hsu Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Jung Chen
- Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Chou
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hsien Lu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chang-Hsien Lu, No. 6, W. Sec., Jiapu Road, Puzi City, Chiayi County, 613, Taiwan (e-mail: )
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The impaired anti-tumoral effect of immune surveillance cells in the immune microenvironment of gastric cancer. Clin Immunol 2020; 219:108551. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Lam CS, Cheng LP, Zhou LM, Cheung YT, Zuo Z. Herb-drug interactions between the medicinal mushrooms Lingzhi and Yunzhi and cytotoxic anticancer drugs: a systematic review. Chin Med 2020; 15:75. [PMID: 32724333 PMCID: PMC7382813 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00356-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lingzhi and Yunzhi are medicinal mushrooms commonly used with cytotoxic chemotherapy in cancer patients in Asian countries. The current systematic review aims to identify potential pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic interactions from the existing literature to ensure their effective and safe combination usage in cancer patients. METHODS A systematic search was conducted on nine major Chinese and English databases, including China Journal Net, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, and Ovid MEDLINE®, etc., to identify clinical, animal, and in-vitro studies that evaluate the effect of combined use of Lingzhi or Yunzhi with cytotoxic drugs. The Jadad scale was used to assess the quality of clinical studies. RESULTS This search identified 213 studies, including 77 clinical studies that reported on the combined use of cytotoxic drugs with Yunzhi (n = 56) or Lingzhi (n = 21). Majority of these clinical studies demonstrated modest methodological quality. In clinical practice, the most commonly used cytotoxic drugs with Lingzhi were cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and paclitaxel, whereas Tegafur/uracil (UFT)/Tegafur, 5-FU, and mitomycin were the ones used more often with Yunzhi. Only two clinical pharmacokinetic studies were available showing no significant interactions between Polysaccharide K (PSK) and Tegafur. From the pharmacodynamic interactions perspective, combination uses of Yunzhi/Lingzhi with cytotoxic drugs in clinical practice could lead to improvement in survival (n = 31) and quality of life (n = 17), reduction in tumor lesions (n = 22), immune modulation (n = 38), and alleviation of chemotherapy-related side effects (n = 14) with no reported adverse effects. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the clinical combination use of Lingzhi or Yunzhi with cytotoxic drugs could enhance the efficacy and ameliorate the adverse effects of cytotoxic drugs, leading to improved quality of life in cancer patients. More high quality clinical studies including pharmacokinetic herb-drug interactions studies are warranted to verify these observations and mechanisms involved. Based on the high quality clinical data, pharmacoepidemiology methods and bioinformatics or data mining could be adopt for further identification of clinical meaningful herb-drug interactions in cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Sing Lam
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lok Pui Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Min Zhou
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon City, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yin Ting Cheung
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
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Su L, Guo W, Lou L, Nie S, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Chang Y, Zhang X, Li Y, Shen H. EGFR-ERK pathway regulates CSN6 to contribute to PD-L1 expression in glioblastoma. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59:520-532. [PMID: 32134157 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant brain tumor in adults. Recently, programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) checkpoint blockades have been applied for GBM treatment. However, the mechanism of PD-L1 upregulation in GBM is still unclear. COP9 signalosome 6 (CSN6) is crucial for maintaining the protein stabilization in cancer cells. In this study, we applied human GBM specimens and cell lines to investigate whether the EGFR-ERK pathway regulates CSN6 for PD-L1 upregulation. Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset showed that high expression of EGFR, CSN6, and PD-L1 in patients with glioma was associated with poor prognosis. In 47 human GBM specimens, high expression of PD-L1 was associated with low amount of CD8+ T cell infiltration as well as the poor prognosis of patients. CSN6 was positively correlated with EGFR and PD-L1 expression in human GBM specimens. We treated two GBM cell lines (U87 and U251) with epidermal growth factor (EGF) in vitro, and found EGF-upregulated p-EGFR, p-ERK, CSN6, and PD-L1 expression in GBM cells. PD98059, the ERK blocker, inhibited upregulations of CSN6 and PD-L1 in EGF-treated cells. Inhibition of CSN6 by small interfering RNA decreased PD-L1 expression but also increased CHIP expression in GBM cells. When the cells were treated with EGF and cycloheximide (CHX), a protein synthesis inhibitor, EGF-reduced CHX-induced CSN6 and PD-L1 turnover in GBM cells. Furthermore, CSN6-mediated downregulation of PD-L1 was inhibited by MG132, a proteasome inhibitor in U87 cells. Thus, these results suggest that the EGFR-ERK pathway may upregulate CSN6, which may inhibit PD-L1 degradation and subsequently maintain PD-L1 stability in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingrui Su
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Laboratory of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenli Guo
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lei Lou
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Saisai Nie
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ying Chang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xianghong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Laboratory of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuehong Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Laboratory of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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