1
|
Astragalus membranaceus Enhances Myotube Hypertrophy through PI3K-Mediated Akt/mTOR Signaling Phosphorylation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081670. [PMID: 35458232 PMCID: PMC9028211 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus (AM) is classified as a high-class traditional herbal medicine, which has strengthened vitality and multifunctional pharmacological activities, but limited empirical evidence is available to support its effects in muscular hypertrophy. It evokes skeletal muscle hypertrophy by increasing anabolic pathway, which is essential to prevent sarcopenia in elderly population. In this study, we examined the effects of AM on skeletal muscle hypertrophy by focusing on the molecular mechanism. We employed an in vitro model to investigate whether AM-treated skeletal muscle, as represented by myotube C2C12 cells, was hypertrophic, and to further investigate the efficacy of AM-activated phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling that must occur prior to myotube hypertrophy. The results showed that the myotubes formed larger multinucleated myotubes with increased diameter and thickness (1.16-fold relative to control group, p < 0.05). Administration of PI3K and mTOR inhibitors abolished AM-induced muscular hypertrophy. Moreover, AM-induced PI3K-mediated myotube hypertrophy was accompanied by the activation of Akt and mTOR signaling. We concluded that the AM is a nutritional activator to enhance muscular hypertrophy by increasing PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling phosphorylation. As the AM is effective in myotube hypertrophy, AM and its derivatives may be promising candidates for ergogenic aid to prevent sarcopenia.
Collapse
|
2
|
Yan X, Gao X, Niu Q, Peng X, Zhang J, Ma X, Wei Y, Wang H, Gao Y, Chang H. Differential protein metabolism and regeneration in hypertrophic diaphragm and atrophic gastrocnemius muscles in hibernating Daurian ground squirrels. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:958-971. [PMID: 33517584 DOI: 10.1113/ep089187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? The aim was to investigate whether diaphragm hypertrophy and gastrocnemius atrophy during hibernation of Daurian ground squirrels involve differential regulation of protein metabolism and regeneration. What is the main finding and its importance? We clarified the differences in protein metabolism and muscle regenerative potential in the diaphragm and gastrocnemius of hibernating ground squirrels, reflecting the different adaptability of muscles. ABSTRACT Are differences in the regulation of protein metabolism and regeneration involved in the different phenotypic adaptation mechanisms of muscle hypertrophy and atrophy in hibernators? Two fast-type muscles (diaphragm and gastrocnemius) in summer active and hibernating Daurian ground squirrels were selected to detect changes in cross-sectional area (CSA) and protein expression indicative of protein synthesis metabolism (protein expression of P-Akt, P-mTORC1, P-S6K1 and P-4E-BP1), protein degradation metabolism (MuRF1, atrogin-1, calpain-1, calpain-2, calpastatin, desmin, troponin T, Beclin1 and LC3-II) and muscle regeneration (MyoD, myogenin and myostatin). In the hibernation group compared with the summer active group, the CSA of the diaphragm muscle increased significantly by 26.1%, whereas the CSA of the gastrocnemius muscle decreased significantly by 20.4%. Our study also indicated that increased protein synthesis, decreased protein degradation and increased muscle regenerative potential contributed to diaphragm muscle hypertrophy, whereas decreased protein synthesis, increased protein degradation and decreased muscle regenerative potential contributed to gastrocnemius muscle atrophy. In conclusion, the differences in muscle regeneration and regulatory pattern of protein metabolism might contribute to the different adaptive changes observed in the diaphragm and gastrocnemius muscles of ground squirrels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (College of Life Sciences, Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xuli Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (College of Life Sciences, Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Qiaohua Niu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (College of Life Sciences, Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xin Peng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (College of Life Sciences, Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (College of Life Sciences, Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xiufeng Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (College of Life Sciences, Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yanhong Wei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (College of Life Sciences, Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Huiping Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (College of Life Sciences, Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yunfang Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (College of Life Sciences, Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Hui Chang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (College of Life Sciences, Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pan Y, Wang Q, Luan W, Shi Y, Liu J, Qi F. Kindlin-2 regulates the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes: implications for wound healing. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:348. [PMID: 33708975 PMCID: PMC7944273 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Adipose tissue has been proven to play a crucial role in wound healing, while kindlin-2, an integrin-associated protein, has been shown to regulate cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation. This study aimed to explore its involvement in the cell differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and its role in wound healing. Methods Cell adhesion, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), Transwell, and in vitro wound healing assays, along with adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation induction were performed in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in which kindlin-2 was knocked down or overexpressed. In vivo, kindlin-2 (+/−) transgenic mice were constructed, and wound healing was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a mouse dorsal wound model. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting were performed to analyze the expression of adipokines and adipogenic markers in mouse wound tissues. Adipogenic differentiation induction of adipose tissue stromal vascular fraction (SVF) were performed, and the expression of adipogenic markers in SVF was detected by western blotting. The target signaling pathway highly related to adipogenic differentiation was explored by computational biology and verified by western blotting. Results Knockdown of kindlin-2 was found to inhibit the adhesion, migration, and adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes while promoting their osteogenic differentiation. In contrast, kindlin-2 overexpression resulted in increased adhesion, migration, and adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes while reducing osteogenic differentiation. In vivo, downregulation of kindlin-2 inhibited adipogenesis in kindlin-2 transgenic mice, resulting in delayed wound healing by inhibiting inflammation, angiogenesis, collagen remodeling, and wound contraction. Mechanistically, we found that kindlin-2 could regulate adipogenic differentiation through PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Conclusions Our study revealed the essential role that kindlin-2 has in the differentiation and wound healing of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, which offers a theoretical basis for further research and a novel strategy for wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Pan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjie Luan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuedong Shi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Artificial Intelligence Center for Plastic Surgery and Cutaneous Soft Tissue Cancers, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fazhi Qi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu YY, Li LF. Ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction in critical illness. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:1329-1337. [PMID: 30453774 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218811950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Mechanical ventilation (MV) is life-saving for patients with acute respiratory failure but also causes difficult liberation of patients from ventilator due to rapid decrease of diaphragm muscle endurance and strength, which is termed ventilator-induced diaphragmatic damage (VIDD). Numerous studies have revealed that VIDD could increase extubation failure, ICU stay, ICU mortality, and healthcare expenditures. However, the mechanisms of VIDD, potentially involving a multistep process including muscle atrophy, oxidative loads, structural damage, and muscle fiber remodeling, are not fully elucidated. Further research is necessary to unravel mechanistic framework for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying VIDD, especially mitochondrial dysfunction and increased mitochondrial oxidative stress, and develop better MV strategies, rehabilitative programs, and pharmacologic agents to translate this knowledge into clinical benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Yang Liu
- 1 Chest Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.,2 Institutes of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fu Li
- 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,4 Department of Respiratory Therapy, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|