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Abstract
Background Oxidative stress is the result of cellular troubles related to aerobic metabolism. Furthermore, this stress is always associated with biological responses evoked by physical, chemical, environmental, and psychological factors. Several studies have developed many approaches of antioxidant defense to diminish the severity of many diseases. Ghrelin was originally identified from the rat stomach, and it is a potent growth hormone-releasing peptide that has pleiotropic functions. Methods A systematic review was conducted within PubMed, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases using keywords such as ghrelin, antioxidant, oxidative stress, and systemic oxidative stress sensor. Results In the last decade, many studies show that ghrelin exhibits protection effects against oxidative stress derived probably from its antioxidant effects. Pieces of evidence demonstrate that systemic oxidative stress increase ghrelin levels in the plasma. The expression of ghrelin and its receptor in ghrelin peripheral tissues and extensively in the central nervous system suggests that this endogenous peptide plays an important role as a systemic oxidative stress sensor Conclusion The current evidence confirms that ghrelin and its derived peptides (Desacyl-ghrelin, obestatin) act as a protective antioxidant agent. Therefore, stressor modality, duration, and intensity are the parameters of oxidative stress that must be taken into consideration to determine the role of ghrelin, Desacyl-ghrelin, and obestatin in the regulation of cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Akki
- Department of Plant Protection and Environment, National School of Agriculture-Meknes/ENA, Meknes, Morocco.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Kawtar Raghay
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Errami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
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Coskun ZM, Beydogan AB, Yanar K, Atukeren P, Bolkent S. Oxidative stress and inflammatory response of ghrelin on myocardial and aortic tissues in insulin-resistant rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:692-699. [PMID: 33772291 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was designed to clarify the effects of ghrelin on myocardial and aortic tissues in insulin-resistant rats. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the following groups: control (Group 1), insulin resistance (IR, Group 2), ghrelin (Group 3) and IR+Ghrelin (Group 4) groups. Levels of HOMA-IR, fibronectin, hydroxyproline, collagen-1, collagen-3, matrix metalloproteinase-3, and matrix metalloproteinase-9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and oxidative stress parameters as protein carbonyl (PCO), lipid hydroperoxides (LHPs), malondialdehyde, total thiol were determined in myocardial tissue. Expressions of IL-6, NF-κB and TNF-α mRNAs were detected by RT-qPCR. Aorta tissue was stained Masson trichrome. KEY FINDINGS The HOMA-IR level decreased in the IR+Ghrelin group compared with the IR group (P < 0.001). The PCO and LHP concentrations were higher in the IR group compared with control rats (P < 0.05). The PCO level was reduced by ghrelin in the IR+Ghrelin group compared with the IR group (P < 0.001). Ghrelin treatment reduced the mRNA expression levels of IL-6, NF-κB and TNF-α in the IR+Ghrelin group compared with the IR group (P < 0.001). There was no difference among the groups in the histology of aortic tissue. CONCLUSIONS Ghrelin, a regulator of appetite and energy homeostasis, may be effective in regulating oxidative stress and the inflammatory response when impaired by IR. Therefore, ghrelin may reduce the risks of myocardial dysfunction in IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Mine Coskun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Demiroglu Bilim University, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Alisa Bahar Beydogan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Cerrahpasa Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Karolin Yanar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Cerrahpasa Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pınar Atukeren
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Cerrahpasa Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sema Bolkent
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Cerrahpasa Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Budin C, Staniloaie D, Vasile D, Ilco A, Balan DG, Popa CC, Stiru O, Tulin A, Enyedi M, Miricescu D, Georgescu DE, Georgescu TF, Badiu DC, Mihai DA. Hypocalcemia: A possible risk factor for anastomotic leak in digestive surgery. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:523. [PMID: 33815596 PMCID: PMC8014963 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anastomotic leaks (ALs) remain the most severe complication in digestive surgery, as well as the most consumptive in terms of human and financial resources. There is an abundance of international research which has focused on identifying and correcting risk factors, and on individualized surgical management as well. The most frequent risk factors are male sex, obesity, diabetes, advanced malignant disease, ASA score, perioperative blood loss or perioperative transfusion, long operation time, emergency operation and altered nutritional status. The aim of the present study was to measure the preoperative serum calcium level and to find a possible correlation between calcium levels and the risk of AL occurrence. A retrospective analysis of medical records for 122 patients who underwent surgical gut resection with anastomosis for different pathologies was carried out. Preoperative serum calcium level and the occurrence of AL was noted. The results revealed that the average value of total blood calcium was 8.78 mg/dl, without a significant difference in sex groups. Hypocalcemia was identified in 44 patients (36.1%). AL was identified in 8 patients (6.6%), with a statistically insignificant difference between male and female patients. The average value of blood calcium in the AL patient group was 8.07 mg/dl, while in patients without AL the average value was 8.83 mg/dl. Hypocalcemia, defined as a serum calcium level below 8.5 mg/dl, was observed in 7 of the 8 patients presenting with AL (87.5%) and 37 patients who did not present with AL (32.5%), a significant difference with which to consider and include hypocalcemia in the group of risk factors for AL (P=0.001). In conclusion, preoperative low serum calcium level can represent a risk factor for AL in digestive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Budin
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniel Staniloaie
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of General Surgery, Bucharest Emergency University Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Danut Vasile
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of General Surgery, Bucharest Emergency University Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Ilco
- Department of General Surgery, Bucharest Emergency University Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela-Gabriela Balan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Constantin Popa
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of General Surgery, Bucharest Emergency University Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Stiru
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, 'Prof. Dr. C.C. Iliescu' Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, 022322 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian Tulin
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of General Surgery, 'Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu' Clinical Emergency Hospital, 011356 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaly Enyedi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Radiology, 'Victor Babes' Private Medical Clinic, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Miricescu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragos Eugen Georgescu
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Teodor Florin Georgescu
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dumitru Cristinel Badiu
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of General Surgery, 'Bagdasar-Arseni' Clinical Emergency Hospital, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Doina-Andrada Mihai
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Prof. N.C. Paulescu National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Disease, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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Demir U, Edremitlioğlu M, Kandaş E, Şehitoğlu MH, Kılınç N. Quercetin associated with dimethylsulfoxide has a curative effect on experimental colon anastomosis injury. Acta Cir Bras 2020; 35:e202000602. [PMID: 32667589 PMCID: PMC7357842 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020200060000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To examine the effects of quercetin on healing of experimental colon anastomosis injury in early and late period. Methods Eighty male Wistar-Albino rats were divided into 8 groups. For all groups, left colons of the rats were resected and for the rest end-to-end anastomosis was performed. Two of the groups for which the experiment protocol was ended on the 3rd and 7th day following the anastomosis were not administered with either quercetin or dimethylsulfoxide DMSO, whereas two other groups were administered with DMSO only, and four other groups were administered with quercetin dissolved in DMSO in doses of 20 and 100 mg/kg during the protocol. At the end of the study, anastomosis line was resected, histopathological evaluation was performed and bursting pressure, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and hydroxyproline levels were measured. Results Quercetin significantly increased hydroxyproline, superoxide dismutase, catalase levels, histopathological healing score, bursting pressure values and decreased malondialdehyde level in early period. It also significantly increased superoxide dismutase, catalase, and hydroxyproline levels and decreased malondialdehyde level in late period. Conclusion It was seen that quercetin speeds up the injury healing process and reveals an antioxidant effect, specifically in early period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Demir
- Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey
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Leptin, Ghrelin, and Leptin/Ghrelin Ratio in Critically Ill Patients. Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010036. [PMID: 31877773 PMCID: PMC7020071 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate leptin, ghrelin, and leptin/ghrelin ratio in critically ill patients and association of leptin/ghrelin ratio with outcomes. This is a sub-study of the PermiT trial (ISRCTN68144998). A subset of 72 patients who were expected to stay >14 days in the Intensive care unit were enrolled. Blood samples were collected on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14. Samples were analyzed for leptin and active ghrelin in addition to other hormones. Baseline leptin/ghrelin ratio was calculated, and patients were stratified into low and high leptin/ghrelin ratio based on the median value of 236. There was a considerable variation in baseline leptin level: Median 5.22 ng/mL (Q1, Q3: 1.26, 17.60). Ghrelin level was generally low: 10.61 pg/mL (Q1, Q3: 8.62, 25.36). Patients with high leptin/ghrelin ratio compared to patients with low leptin/ghrelin ratio were older, had higher body mass index and more likely to be diabetic. There were no differences in leptin/ghrelin ratio between patients who received permissive underfeeding and standard feeding. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age and body mass index were significant independent predictors of high leptin–ghrelin ratio. Leptin–ghrelin ratio was not associated with 90-day mortality or other outcomes. Age and body mass index are predictors of high leptin/ghrelin ratio. Leptin/ghrelin ratio is not affected by permissive underfeeding and is not associated with mortality.
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