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Yi X, Liu J, Zang E, Tian Y, Liu J, Shi L. Exploring a Hirudin variant from nonhematophagous leeches: Unraveling full-length sequence, alternative splicing, function, and potential as a novel anticoagulant polypeptide. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 330:118257. [PMID: 38677578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Leeches exhibit robust anticoagulant activity, making them useful for treating cardiovascular diseases in traditional Chinese medicine. Whitmania pigra, the primary source species of leech-derived medicinal compounds in China, has been demonstrated to possess formidable anticoagulant properties. Hirudin-like peptides, recognized as potent thrombin inhibitors, are prevalent in hematophagous leeches. Considering that W. pigra is a nonhematophagic leech, the following question arises: does a hirudin variant exist in this species? AIM OF THE STUDY In this study we identified the hirudin-encoding gene (WP_HV1) in the W. pigra genome. The goal of this study was to assess its anticoagulant activity and analyze the related mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, a hirudin-encoding gene, WP_HV1, was identified from the W. pigra genome, and its accurate coding sequence (CDS) was validated through cloning from cDNA extracted from fresh W. pigra specimens. The structure of WP_HV1 and the amino acids associated with its anticoagulant activity were determined by sequence and structural analysis and prediction of its binding energy to thrombin. E. coli was used for the expression of WP_HV1 and recombinant proteins with various structures and mutants. The anticoagulant activity of the synthesized recombinant proteins was then confirmed using thrombin time (TT). RESULTS Validation of the WP_HV1 gene was accomplished, and three alternative splices were discovered. The TT of the blank sample exceeded that of the recombinant WP_HV1 sample by 1.74 times (0.05 mg/ml), indicating positive anticoagulant activity. The anticoagulant activity of WP_HV1 was found to be associated with its C-terminal tyrosine, along with the presence of 9 acidic amino acids on both the left and right sides. A significant reduction in the corresponding TT was observed for the mutated amino acids compared to those of the wild type, with decreases of 4.8, 6.6, and 3.9 s, respectively. In addition, the anticoagulant activity of WP_HV1 was enhanced and prolonged for 2.7 s when the lysine-67 residue was mutated to tryptophan. CONCLUSION Only one hirudin-encoding variant was identified in W. pigra. The active amino acids associated with anticoagulation in WP_HV1 were resolved and validated, revealing a novel source for screening and developing new anticoagulant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhe Yi
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Erhuan Zang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Study and Exploitation of Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China
| | - Jinxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Linchun Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
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Wu S, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Zhang Z. Therapeutic Potentials of Medicinal Leech in Chinese Medicine. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2024; 52:1027-1051. [PMID: 38879745 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x24500423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The use of medicinal leeches in clinical therapy has been employed for a long time, as it was originally recognized for exerting antithrombin effects. These effects were due to the ability of the leech to continuously suck blood while attached to human skin. According to Chinese Pharmacopoei, leeches used in traditional Chinese medicine mainly consist of Whitmania pigra Whitman, Hirudo nipponia Whitman, and Whitmania acranulata, but the latter two species are relatively scarce. The main constituents of leeches are protein and peptide macromolecules. They can be categorized into two categories based on their pharmacological effects. One group consists of active ingredients that directly target the coagulation system, such as hirudin, heparin, and histamine, which are widely known. The other group comprises protease inhibitor components like Decorsin and Hementin. Among these, hirudin secreted by the salivary glands of the leech is the most potent thrombin inhibitor and served as the sole remedy for preventing blood clotting until the discovery of heparin. Additionally, leeches play a significant role in various traditional Chinese medicine formulations. In recent decades, medicinal leeches have been applied in fields including anti-inflammatory treatment, cardiovascular disease management, antitumor treatment, and many other medical conditions. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the historical journey and medicinal applications of leeches in various medical conditions, emphasizing their pharmaceutical significance within traditional Chinese medicine. This review offers valuable insights for exploring additional therapeutic opportunities involving the use of leeches in various diseases and elucidating their underlying mechanisms for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Wu
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University Changsha, Hunan 410013, P. R. China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Interdisciplinary Science of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
| | - Yaya Zhou
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University Changsha, Hunan 410013, P. R. China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Interdisciplinary Science of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Interdisciplinary Science of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
| | - Zuping Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University Changsha, Hunan 410013, P. R. China
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Wu C, Li X, Zhao H, Ling Y, Ying Y, He Y, Zhang S, Liang S, Wei J, Gan X. Resistance exercise promotes the resolution and recanalization of deep venous thrombosis in a mouse model via SIRT1 upregulation. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:18. [PMID: 36639616 PMCID: PMC9837998 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02908-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early exercise for acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT) improves the patient's symptoms and does not increase the risk of pulmonary embolism. However, information about its effect on thrombus resolution is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of resistance exercise (RE) in thrombus resolution and recanalization and determine its underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Ninety-six C57BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into four groups: Control group (C, n = 24); DVT group (D, n = 24); RE + DVT group (ED, n = 24); and inhibitor + RE + DVT group (IED, n = 24). A DVT model was induced by stenosis of the inferior vena cava (IVC). After undergoing IVC ultrasound within 24 h post-operation to confirm DVT formation, mice without thrombosis were excluded. Other mice were sacrificed and specimens were obtained 14 or 28 days after operation. Thrombus-containing IVC was weighed, and the thrombus area and recanalization rate were calculated using HE staining. Masson's trichrome staining was used to analyze the collagen content. RT-PCR and ELISA were performed to examine IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, and VEGF expression levels. SIRT1 expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry staining and RT-PCR. VEGF-A protein expression and CD-31-positive microvascular density (MVD) in the thrombus were observed using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: RE did not increase the incidence of pulmonary embolism. It reduced the weight and size of the thrombus and the collagen content. Conversely, it increased the recanalization rate. It also decreased the levels of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α and increased the expression levels of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10. RE enhanced VEGF and SIRT1 expression levels and increased the MVD in the thrombosis area. After EX527 (SIRT1 inhibitor) was applied, the positive effects of exercise were suppressed. CONCLUSIONS RE can inhibit inflammatory responses, reduce collagen deposition, and increase angiogenesis in DVT mice, thereby promoting thrombus resolution and recanalization. Its underlying mechanism may be associated with the upregulation of SIRT1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caijiao Wu
- grid.412594.f0000 0004 1757 2961Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- grid.412594.f0000 0004 1757 2961Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi China
| | - Huihan Zhao
- grid.412594.f0000 0004 1757 2961Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Ying Ling
- grid.412594.f0000 0004 1757 2961Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Yanping Ying
- grid.412594.f0000 0004 1757 2961Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Yu He
- grid.412594.f0000 0004 1757 2961Medical Lab, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Shaohan Zhang
- grid.412594.f0000 0004 1757 2961Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Shijing Liang
- grid.412594.f0000 0004 1757 2961Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Jiani Wei
- grid.412594.f0000 0004 1757 2961Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Xiao Gan
- grid.412594.f0000 0004 1757 2961Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
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Xue Y, Zhang L, Zhang L, Sun W, Fang Z, Leng Y, Li M, Ren X, Zhang R, Zhang Y, Chen L, Wang H. Danshensu prevents thrombosis by inhibiting platelet activation via SIRT1/ROS/mtDNA pathways without increasing bleeding risk. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154271. [PMID: 35777120 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary thrombosis and its correlated disorders are main healthcare problems globally. The therapeutic effects of current treatments involving antiplatelet drugs are not fully satisfactory. Danshensu (DSS) is an important monomer obtained from Salvia miltiorrhiza roots that have been widely employed for vascular diseases in medicinal practices. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms of DSS are not fully unraveled. PURPOSE The objective of this study was to penetrate the antithrombotic and antiplatelet mechanisms of DSS. METHODS Network pharmacology assay was used to forecast the cellular mechanisms of DSS for treating thrombosis. The work focused the impacts of DSS on platelet activation by analyzing aggregation and adhesion in vitro. Flow cytometry, western blotting, CM-H2DCFDA staining and mitochondrial function assays were performed to reveal the molecular mechanisms. The model of common carotid artery thrombus induced by ferric chloride was established. The wet weight of thrombus was measured, and the thrombosis was observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, in order to support the inhibitory effect of DSS on thrombosis. RESULTS Data mining found the antithrombotic effect of DSS is related to platelet activation and the core target is silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1). We confirmed that DSS dose-dependently inhibited platelet activation in vitro. DSS was further demonstrated to induce the expression of SIRT1 and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) burden and thereby prevented mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial function tests further indicated that DSS prevented mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release, which induced activation of platelet in a dendritic cell specific intercellular-adhesion-molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN)-dependent manner. In carotid artery injury model induced by ferric chloride, DSS inhibited the development of carotid arterial thrombosis. More encouragingly, in tail bleeding time assay, DSS did not augment bleeding risk. CONCLUSION These findings indicated that DSS effectively inhibited platelet activation by depressing the collection of ROS and the release of platelet mtDNA without arousing hemorrhage risk. DSS might represent a promising candidate drug for thrombosis and cardiovascular disease therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617 Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formula, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617 Tianjin, China; School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617 Tianjin, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617 Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formula, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617 Tianjin, China
| | - Lusha Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617 Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formula, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617 Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617 Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formula, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617 Tianjin, China
| | - Zhirui Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617 Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formula, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617 Tianjin, China
| | - Yuze Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617 Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formula, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617 Tianjin, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617 Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formula, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617 Tianjin, China
| | - Xiuyun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617 Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formula, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617 Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617 Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formula, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617 Tianjin, China
| | - Yingxue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617 Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formula, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617 Tianjin, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617 Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617 Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formula, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617 Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, 301617 Tianjin, China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 301617 Tianjin, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617 Tianjin, China.
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617 Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formula, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617 Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, 301617 Tianjin, China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 301617 Tianjin, China; School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617 Tianjin, China.
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Li Y, Ge JP, Ma K, Yin YY, He J, Gu JP. The combination of EGCG with warfarin reduces deep vein thrombosis in rabbits through modulating HIF-1α and VEGF via the PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:679-690. [PMID: 36162953 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) poses a major challenge to public health worldwide. Endothelial cell injury evokes inflammatory and oxidative responses that contribute to thrombus formation. Tea polyphenol (TP) in the form of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has anti-inflammatory and oxidative effect that may ameliorate DVT. However, the precise mechanism remains incompletely understood. The current study was designed to investigate the anti-DVT mechanism of EGCG in combination with warfarin (an oral anticoagulant). Rabbits were randomly divided into five groups. A DVT model of rats was established through ligation of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and left common iliac vein, and the animals were orally administered with EGCG, warfarin, or vehicle for seven days. In vitro studies included pretreatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with different concentrations of EGCG for 2 h before exposure to hydrogen peroxide. Thrombus weight and length were examined. Histopathological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Blood samples were collected for detecting coagulation function, including thrombin and prothrombin times, activated partial thromboplastin time, and fibrinogen levels. Protein expression in thrombosed IVCs and HUVECs was evaluated by Western blot, immunohistochemical analysis, and/or immunofluorescence staining. RT-qPCR was used to determine the levels of AGTR-1 and VEGF mRNA in IVCs and HUVECs. The viability of HUVECs was examined by CCK-8 assay. Flow cytometry was performed to detect cell apoptosis and ROS generation was assessed by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate reagent. In vitro and invivo studies showed that EGCG combined with warfarin significantly reduced thrombus weight and length, and apoptosis in HUVECs. Our findings indicated that the combination of EGCG and warfarin protects HUVECs from oxidative stress and prevents apoptosis. However, HIF-1α silencing weakened these effects, which indicated that HIF-1α may participate in DVT. Furthermore, HIF-1α silencing significantly up-regulated cell apoptosis and ROS generation, and enhanced VEGF expression and the activation of the PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. In conclusion, our results indicate that EGCG combined with warfarin modifies HIF-1α and VEGF to prevent DVT in rabbits through anti-inflammation via the PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Jing-Ping Ge
- Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Acupuncture, Qinhuai District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Yin
- Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Juan He
- Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Jian-Ping Gu
- Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China.
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Müller C, Wang Z, Hamann M, Sponholz D, Hildebrandt JP. Life without blood: Molecular and functional analysis of hirudins and hirudin-like factors of the Asian non-hematophagous leech Whitmania pigra. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:1808-1817. [PMID: 35587545 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several leech species of the genera Hirudo, Hirudinaria, and Whitmania are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the oral treatment of disorders associated with blood stasis. Among them, the non-hematophagous leech Whitmania pigra expresses a variety of components that have the potential to act on the vertebrate blood coagulation system. OBJECTIVE Whether the thrombin inhibitor hirudin, probably the most prominent leech-derived anticoagulant, is actually present in Whitmania pigra, is still a matter of debate. To answer that open question was the aim of the study. METHODS We identified several putative hirudin-encoding sequences in transcriptome data of Whitmania pigra. Upon gene synthesis and molecular cloning the respective recombinant proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, processed, and eventually functionally characterized for thrombin-inhibitory potencies in coagulation assays. RESULTS We were successful in the identification and functional characterization of several putative hirudins in Whitmania pigra. Some, but not all, of these factors are indeed thrombin inhibitors. Whitmania pigra hence expresses both hirudins (factors that inhibit thrombin) and hirudin-like factors (that do not or only very weakly inhibit thrombin). Furthermore, we revealed the exon/intron structures of the corresponding genes. Coding sequences of some putative hirudins of Whitmania pigra were present also in transcriptome datasets of Hirudo nipponia, a hematophagous leech that is likewise used in TCM. CONCLUSIONS Based on both structural and functional data we provide very strong evidence for the expression of hirudins in Whitmania pigra. This is the first description of hirudins in a non-hematophagous leech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Müller
- Department of Animal Physiology, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Zhongjie Wang
- Department of Animal Physiology, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Magdalena Hamann
- Department of Animal Physiology, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dana Sponholz
- Department of Animal Physiology, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan-Peter Hildebrandt
- Department of Animal Physiology, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Mazhar M, Yang G, Mao L, Liang P, Tan R, Wang L, Xu H, Yang L, Ren W, Yang S. Zhilong Huoxue Tongyu Capsules Ameliorate Early Brain Inflammatory Injury Induced by Intracerebral Hemorrhage via Inhibition of Canonical NFкβ Signalling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:850060. [PMID: 35431931 PMCID: PMC9008889 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.850060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a debilitating and fatal condition with continuously rising incidence globally, without effective treatment available. Zhilong Huoxue Tongyu (ZLHXTY) capsule is a traditional Chinese medicine that is used for ICH treatment in China. However, the evidence based mechanism is not clear. Purpose: To study the protective effects of ZLHXTY capsules against ICH pathogenesis via targetting nuclear factor kappa β (NFкβ) canonical signalling pathway. Methods: C57BL/6 J mice ICH models using autologous blood injection were used to study the effect of ZLHXTY (1.4 g/kg P.O.) after 24 and 72 hrs of ICH induction. The neurological scoring, corner turn test and balance beam with scoring was performed to assess neurological damage. Hematoxylin/eosin and nissl staining was used for histopathological evaluation. Levels of TNFα, NFкB, iNOS, COX2, IL1, IL6 were measured using real time qPCR and western blotting. Protein levels of IKKβ and IкBα were analyzed through western blotting. Immunofluorescence for co-expression of NeuN/TNFα, NeuN/NFкB, Iba1/TNFα, and Iba1/NFкB was also performed. Results: Treatment with ZLHXTY capsules after ICH ameliorated inflammatory brain injury after 24 and 72 h; revealed by neurological scoring, hematoxylin/eosin and nissl staining. The qPCR and western blot analyses demonstrated significant downregulation of TNFα, NFкB, iNOS, COX2, IL1β and IL6. Further, the IKKβ and IкBα revealed significant downregulation and upregulation respectively in western blot. Immunofluorescence also revealed attenuated expression of TNFα and NFкB in neurons and also low expression of Iba1. Conclusion: ZLHXTY capsules elicit its neuroprotective effect by targetting the NFкβ canonical signalling pathway, thereby ameliorating the ICH induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mazhar
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Sijin Yang, ; Wei Ren, ; Maryam Mazhar,
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Research Unit of Molecular Imaging Probes, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Linshen Mao
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Pan Liang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ruizhi Tan
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Houping Xu
- Preventive Treatment Center, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Luyin Yang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wei Ren
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Sijin Yang, ; Wei Ren, ; Maryam Mazhar,
| | - Sijin Yang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Sijin Yang, ; Wei Ren, ; Maryam Mazhar,
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Traditional Chinese Medicine Shen-Yuan-Dan (SYD) Improves Hypoxia-Induced Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis in Neonatal Rats by Upregulating miR-24/Bim Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5804187. [PMID: 35154347 PMCID: PMC8831054 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5804187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the leading cause of malignant arrhythmia, heart failure, and sudden death. However, safe and effective drugs for the treatment of AMI are unavailable to date. The present study aimed to investigate the role of traditional Chinese medicine shen-yuan-dan (SYD) in hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in neonatal rats. In addition, the study explored the possible mechanism through which SYD could reduce myocardial ischemia apoptosis and regulate the expression of the miR-24/Bim pathway. Methods: Hypoxia-induced neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were used for the experiments. These cardiomyocytes were transfected with an miR-24 mimic and an miR-24 inhibitor and then cocultured with SYD-containing serum. MTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays, AnnexinV/PI double staining, flow cytometry, and TUNEL staining were used to determine the cell viability and apoptosis under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, the expression level of Bim in the hypoxia-induced cardiomyocytes was determined through western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: After 48 h of hypoxia, LDH and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activities increased, cell viability decreased, and miR-24 expression upregulated in the cardiomyocytes. SYD alleviated hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte injury, decreased LDH and CPK activities, increased cell viability, and reduced apoptosis in the neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Moreover, SYD could upregulate miR-24 expression and downregulate Bim expression. Upregulation of miR-24 expression significantly enhanced the effect of SYD, thereby improving myocardial cell apoptosis. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and western blot analysis confirmed that Bim was a direct target of miR-24. Conclusion: SYD treatment reduces hypoxia-induced myocardial apoptosis by upregulating miR-24 expression. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the therapeutic potential of SYD in promoting the recovery of myocardial function and delaying the incidence of heart failure.
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Sadia K, Ashraf MZ, Mishra A. Therapeutic Role of Sirtuins Targeting Unfolded Protein Response, Coagulation, and Inflammation in Hypoxia-Induced Thrombosis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:733453. [PMID: 34803727 PMCID: PMC8602789 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.733453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality across the world. Many pathological milieus in the body resulting from multiple risk factors escort thrombosis. Hypoxic condition is one such risk factor that disturbs the integrity of endothelial cells to cause an imbalance between anticoagulant and procoagulant proteins. Hypoxia generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and triggers inflammatory pathways to augment the coagulation cascade. Hypoxia in cells also activates unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathways in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which tries to restore ER homeostasis and function. But the sustained UPR linked with inflammation, generation of ROS and apoptosis stimulates the severity of thrombosis in the body. Sirtuins, a group of seven proteins, play a vast role in bringing down inflammation, oxidative and ER stress and apoptosis. As a result, sirtuins might provide a therapeutic approach towards the treatment or prevention of hypoxia-induced thrombosis. Sirtuins modulate hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and counteract ER stress-induced apoptosis by attenuating protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)/Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) pathway activation. It prevents ER-stress mediated inflammation by targeting X-Box Binding Protein 1 (XBP1) and inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κβ) signaling through deacetylation. Sirtuins also obstruct nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation to reduce the expression of several pro-inflammatory molecules. It protects cells against oxidative stress by targeting nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), glutathione (GSH), forkhead box O3 (FOXO3), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), phosphoglucomutase-2 (PGAM2), and NF-κB, to name few. This review, thus, discusses the potential role of sirtuins as a new treatment for hypoxia-induced thrombosis that involves an intersection of UPR and inflammatory pathways in its pathological manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khan Sadia
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Aastha Mishra
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
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Molnár AÁ, Nádasy GL, Dörnyei G, Patai BB, Delfavero J, Fülöp GÁ, Kirkpatrick AC, Ungvári Z, Merkely B. The aging venous system: from varicosities to vascular cognitive impairment. GeroScience 2021; 43:2761-2784. [PMID: 34762274 PMCID: PMC8602591 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00475-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging-induced pathological alterations of the circulatory system play a critical role in morbidity and mortality of older adults. While the importance of cellular and molecular mechanisms of arterial aging for increased cardiovascular risk in older adults is increasingly appreciated, aging processes of veins are much less studied and understood than those of arteries. In this review, age-related cellular and morphological alterations in the venous system are presented. Similarities and dissimilarities between arterial and venous aging are highlighted, and shared molecular mechanisms of arterial and venous aging are considered. The pathogenesis of venous diseases affecting older adults, including varicose veins, chronic venous insufficiency, and deep vein thrombosis, is discussed, and the potential contribution of venous pathologies to the onset of vascular cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases is emphasized. It is our hope that a greater appreciation of the cellular and molecular processes of vascular aging will stimulate further investigation into strategies aimed at preventing or retarding age-related venous pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ágnes Molnár
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor Street 68, 1121, Budapest, Hungary.
| | | | - Gabriella Dörnyei
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Health Sciences Faculty, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Jordan Delfavero
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center On Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Gábor Áron Fülöp
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor Street 68, 1121, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Angelia C Kirkpatrick
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 921 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Zoltán Ungvári
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center On Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor Street 68, 1121, Budapest, Hungary
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Tang S, Yao N, Qin D. Resveratrol on the Inflammatory Environment of Rat Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Cells. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2021.2749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Our study assesses the mechanism of Sirt-1 signaling pathway and inflammation changes after spinal cord injury (SCI). SD rats were assigned into Sham group and SCI group. The Sham group only received bites off the corresponding vertebral lamina without the blow operation. The Western
Blot method was used to detect Sirt-1 level, ELISA analyzed IL-1β and IL-6 level in the spinal cord tissues along with measuring Sirt-1 and TNF-α level by immunofluorescence staining. Sirt-1 changed with the time after SCI and was significantly higher than sham operation
group at 1 day after injury, reaching the highest level at 3 days followed by a decrease. IL-1β and IL-6 after SCI was significantly higher than sham operation group at 1 day after injury. Immunofluorescence double staining showed that Sirt-1 and TNF-α expression in
spinal cord tissue after injury were upregulated. The expression of Sirt-1 changed with time after SCI, and was consistent with the trend of changes in inflammatory factors. In conclusion, Sirt-1 is related to the changes of inflammatory factors after SCI, indicating that Sirt-1 may be involved
in inflammation after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofeng Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhangjiajie People’s Hospital (Spine Surgery) Attending Physician, Zhangjiajie, Hunan, 427000, China
| | - Nvzhao Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421000, China
| | - Dahai Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhangjiajie People’s Hospital (Spine Surgery) Attending Physician, Zhangjiajie, Hunan, 427000, China
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Gong PY, Guo YJ, Tian YS, Gu LF, Qi J, Yu BY. Reverse tracing anti-thrombotic active ingredients from dried Rehmannia Radix based on multidimensional spectrum-effect relationship analysis of steaming and drying for nine cycles. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 276:114177. [PMID: 33945856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and modern pharmacodynamics, dried Rehmannia Radix (DRR) possesses prominent anti-thrombotic activity that decreases after processing by nine steaming and drying cycles to develop processed Rehmannia Radix (PRR). Due to the complexity of the DRR components, the chemical mechanism leading to efficacy changes of DRR caused by processing is still unclear. AIM OF STUDY This study aimed to trace the anti-thrombotic active compounds of DRR and different degrees of processed RR (PRR) and to evaluate the synergistic effects among different active components. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-thrombotic active chemical fraction of DRR extracts was evaluated. Targeted fractions of the processed products of RR were prepared at different processing stages. The changes in monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and secondary metabolites during processing were characterized by multidimensional high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The anti-thrombotic effects of targeted fractions of different RR samples were evaluated by analyzing the length of tail thrombus (LT) and serum biochemical indicators in carrageenan-induced tail-thrombus mice. The spectrum-effect relationships were investigated by partial least squares regression (PLSR) analysis and gray correlation analysis (GRA). Finally, the active compounds were screened by spectrum-effect relationship analysis and validated in vivo, and their synergistic effects were determined by Webb's fraction multiplication method. RESULTS Six ingredients highly associated with anti-thrombotic activities were screened out by the spectrum-effect relationship analysis, of which oligosaccharides (stachyose, sucrose and raffinose) and iridoid glycosides (catalpol, leonuride and melitoside) possessed a synergistic effect on tumor necrosis factors (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1)/tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) ratio in vivo with synergistic coefficient (SC) > 1. CONCLUSION The main material basis of the anti-thrombotic activities of DRR is oligosaccharide components of stachyose, raffinose and sucrose, iridoid glycosides components of catalpol, leonuride and melittoside. The two kinds of components exert synergistic anti-thrombotic effects by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors and regulating the balance of the fibrinolysis system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu-Yang Gong
- Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China; College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yu-Jie Guo
- Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Yu-Shan Tian
- Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Li-Fei Gu
- Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Jin Qi
- Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Bo-Yang Yu
- Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Li P, Lin B, Tang P, Ye Y, Wu Z, Gui S, Zhan Y, Yang W, Lin B. Aqueous extract of Whitmania pigra Whitman ameliorates ferric chloride-induced venous thrombosis in rats via antioxidation. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2020; 52:59-68. [PMID: 33201380 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-020-02337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Whitmania pigra Whitman (W. pigra) has been widely employed in decoction for the treatment of blood stasis syndrome for many years in China. The aim of the present study was to explore the anti-venous thrombosis (VT) mechanism of the aqueous extract of W. pigra (AEW) in rats. Rats were orally administered with AEW. A inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis model was established. Thrombosed IVC was weighed and histopathological analyses were performed. Blood coagulation, blood fibrinolysis, blood cell count, blood viscosity and platelet activity were evaluated. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation was analyzed. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in thrombosed IVC and antioxidants in serum were detected. Protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in thrombosed IVC was determined. AEW significantly reduced thrombus weight. It did not affect blood coagulation, blood fibrinolysis, blood cell count, platelet activity, or whole blood viscosity. However, AEW remarkably alleviated vascular injury, reduced ROS accumulation and MDA content, enhanced the total antioxidant capacity and the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. It increased the glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio and the protein expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1. In summary, W. pigra may prevent VT via Nrf2-mediated antioxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bingqing Lin
- College of Mathematics and Statistics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Ping Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuxin Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhongrui Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shuhua Gui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yaxian Zhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Non-clinical Evaluation and Research, Guangdong Lewwin Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510990, China
| | - Baoqin Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Liu H, Lu Z, Lin B, Zhan JY, Gui S, Chen W, Tang P, Li P, Yang W, Lin B. Inferior vena cava stenosis-induced deep vein thrombosis is influenced by multiple factors in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Fang B, Zhang W, Wu X, Huang T, Li H, Zheng Y, Che J, Sun S, Jiang C, Zhou S, Feng J. Shenhuang granule in the treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): study protocol for an open-label randomized controlled clinical trial. Trials 2020; 21:568. [PMID: 32580752 PMCID: PMC7312108 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04498-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is continuously and rapidly circulating, causing heavy damage on public health. No effective antiviral treatment has been proved thus far. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely applied in the treatment of a variety of infection diseases in China, hoping to produce clinical effects and reduce the use of antibiotics and glucocorticoid. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Shenhuang granule in treatment of severe COVID-19. METHODS/DESIGN This multicenter, open-label randomized controlled trial is conducted in 160 participants with severe COVID-19. The participants will be randomly (1:1) divided into treatment group or control group. All participants are given standard therapy at the same time. The experiment will receive Shenhuang granule treatment twice a day for 14 days. The clinical indicators of patients will be assessed at baseline and at 3, 5, 7, and 14 days after treatment initiation. The primary outcome is 14-day clinical outcome. Adverse events will be monitored throughout the trial. DISCUSSION This will be the first randomized controlled trial, which evaluate the effect of Shenhuang granule in patients with severe COVID-19 in China. The results of this trial may not only provide evidence-based recommendations to clinicians to treat severe COVID-19, but also enrich the theory and practice of TCM in treating infectious diseases. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000029777. Registered on 13 February 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangjiang Fang
- Department of Emergency, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.725 Wanping South Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Clinical Medical College of TCM, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, NO.1 Tanhualin, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Emergency, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.725 Wanping South Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xinxin Wu
- Department of Emergency, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.725 Wanping South Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tingrong Huang
- Huangshi Hospital of TCM (Infectious Disease Hospital), NO.6 Plaza Road, Huangshi Port District, Huangshi, 435000, Hubei, China
| | - Huacheng Li
- Huangshi Hospital of TCM (Infectious Disease Hospital), NO.6 Plaza Road, Huangshi Port District, Huangshi, 435000, Hubei, China
| | - You Zheng
- Huangshi Hospital of TCM (Infectious Disease Hospital), NO.6 Plaza Road, Huangshi Port District, Huangshi, 435000, Hubei, China
| | - Jinhua Che
- Department of Emergency, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.725 Wanping South Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shuting Sun
- Clinical Medical College of TCM, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, NO.1 Tanhualin, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- The Third Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, NO.167, Textile City East Street, Baqiao District, Xi'an, 710032, Shanxi, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai Lun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jun Feng
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Hankou, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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