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Labb SA, Kmak KN, Despotopulos JD, Kerlin WM, Sudowe R. Group hexavalent actinide separation from lanthanides using sodium bismuthate chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1736:465400. [PMID: 39341171 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Advanced used nuclear fuel (UNF) reprocessing strategies are limited by the complex radiochemical separations and engineering required to achieve the separation of actinides (An) from neutron scavenging lanthanides (Ln). The accessibility of the hexavalent oxidation state for the actinides (U - Am) provides a pathway to achieving a group hexavalent actinide separation from the trivalent lanthanides and Cm. The solid oxidant and ion exchanger, sodium bismuthate (NaBiO3), has been demonstrated to quantitatively oxidize and separate Am from trivalent Cm in a column chromatographic system. This work expands on the use of NaBiO3 chromatography to characterize the adsorption, kinetic, and elution behavior of U, Pu, and Eu. Separation factors over 200 with rapid kinetics were observed at dilute nitric acid concentrations with a complete An/Ln separation achieved in under an hour. The adsorption and chromatographic behavior of key fission products present in various reprocessing raffinates was characterized which demonstrated potential application of a NaBiO3-based separation following a TRUEX process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A Labb
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, 1618 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 94550 USA; Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, CA, 94550, USA.
| | - Kelly N Kmak
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - John D Despotopulos
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - William M Kerlin
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Ralf Sudowe
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, 1618 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 94550 USA
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Verma PK, Bhattacharyya A, Mohapatra PK. Interlayer confinement mediated oxidation of americium by sodium bismuthate and stability of its higher redox states in acidic solution. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:15890-15902. [PMID: 39257201 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00719k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Mutual separation of trans-plutonium actinides (Ans) from lanthanides (Lns) or adjacent Ans is challenging as they exhibit great chemical similarity. Selective Am oxidation-based Am-Lns or Am-Cm separation strategies give very high separation factors. There exist several reports on different aspects of Am3+ oxidation by NaBiO3·xH2O (x = 2-3), which suggests that the oxidation mechanism is still not well understood. We, therefore, carefully performed several experiments taking advantage of the difference in the redox chemistry of Eu3+ and Am3+. The ion exchange of Eu3+ with the interlayer Na+ in NaBiO3 was confirmed by an ionic strength variation experiment. The shift in the 001 peak of NaBiO3 in XRD and the appearance of peaks corresponding to the trivalent Ln ions in XRF after Ln3+ loading give direct evidence for Na+ exchange with Ln3+. The stability of the higher oxidation state of Am was monitored spectrophotometrically. The experimental investigations also suggested the role of Am3+ → AmO22+ transformation in NaBiO3·xH2O (x = 2-3) dissolution even at pH ∼ 1, which otherwise is difficult to achieve even with >1 M HNO3. The role of colloidal NaBiO3 particles and dissolved BiO3- in controlling or stabilizing different oxidation states of Am was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen K Verma
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
| | | | - Prasanta K Mohapatra
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
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Verma PK, Bhattacharyya A, Samanta S, Mohapatra PK. A highly efficient in situ redox stabilization strategy for Am-Cm separation using AgBiO 3. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 39078269 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01650e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
AgBiO3 is reported for the exclusive oxidation of Am3+ → AmO2+ at near-neutral pH conditions. Literature methods of AmO2+ generation are generally two-step processes; i.e., Am3+ → AmO22+ oxidation followed by AmO22+ → AmO2+ reduction. These methods for Am3+ → AmO2+ oxidation use high temperatures (80-100 °C) and/or several reagents, causing the in situ presence of the AmO2+-complex rather than the AmO2+aq ions. This not only interferes with the much-needed Am-Cm selectivity but also limits the use of AmO2+aq in any other experimental study. The single-step Am3+ → AmO2+ oxidation in the present work using AgBiO3 is done at 25 °C in a non-complexing medium at pH ∼4, making it a first-of-its-kind report. Am-Eu and Am-Cm separation in a single contact, with a separation factor >104, was achieved using the present method, which is unprecedented among aqueous feed solutions. The AmO2+ generated using the present method under non-complexing pH conditions makes it also suitable for exploring the fundamental chemistry of the higher valent americyl ion. A complexation study using the thus-generated AmO2+ ion with acetate ion supports the concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen K Verma
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai-400085, India.
| | | | - Soumen Samanta
- Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai-400085, India
| | - Prasanta K Mohapatra
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai-400085, India.
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Adhikari S, Mandal S, Kim DH. Recent Development Strategies for Bismuth-Driven Materials in Sustainable Energy Systems and Environmental Restoration. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206003. [PMID: 36526436 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bismuth(Bi)-based materials have gained considerable attention in recent decades for use in a diverse range of sustainable energy and environmental applications due to their low toxicity and eco-friendliness. Bi materials are widely employed in electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices, exhibiting excellent catalytic and non-catalytic performance, as well as CO2 /N2 reduction and water treatment systems. A variety of Bi materials, including its oxides, chalcogenides, oxyhalides, bismuthates, and other composites, have been developed for understanding their physicochemical properties. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the properties of individual Bi material systems and their use in a range of applications is provided. This review highlights the implementation of novel strategies to modify Bi materials based on morphological and facet control, doping/defect inclusion, and composite/heterojunction formation. The factors affecting the development of different classes of Bi materials and how their control differs between individual Bi compounds are also described. In particular, the development process for these material systems, their mass production, and related challenges are considered. Thus, the key components in Bi compounds are compared in terms of their properties, design, and applications. Finally, the future potential and challenges associated with Bi complexes are presented as a pathway for new innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Adhikari
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Catalyst Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 77, Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sandip Mandal
- School of Earth Science and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Oryong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Heyoung Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Catalyst Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 77, Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
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Amiri M, Martin NP, Sadeghi O, Nyman M. Bismuth for Controlled Assembly/Disassembly of Transition-Metal Oxo Clusters, Defining Reaction Pathways in Inorganic Synthesis and Nature. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:3471-3481. [PMID: 32078309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Trivalent bismuth is a unique heavy p-block ion. It is highly insoluble in water, due to strong hydrolysis tendencies, and known for low toxicity. Its lone pair is structure-directing, providing framework materials with structural flexibility, leading to piezoelectric and multiferroic function. The flexibility it provides is also advantageous for dopants and vacancies, giving rise to conductivity, luminescence, color, and catalytic properties. We are exploiting Bi3+ in a completely different way, as a knob to "tune" the solubility and stability of transition-metal oxo clusters. The lone pair allows capping and isolation of metastable cluster forms for solid-state and solution characterization. With controlled release of the bismuth (via bismuth oxyhalide metathesis), the metal oxo clusters can be retained in aqueous solution, and we can track their reaction pathways and conversion to related metal oxyhydroxides. Here we present isolation of a bismuth-stabilized MnIV cluster, fully formulated [MnIV6Bi2KO9(CH3COO)10(H2O)3(NO3)2] (Mn6Bi2). In addition to characterization by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, solution characterization in acetonitrile and acetonitrile-acetic acid by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry shows high stability and the tendency of Mn6Bi2 to link into chains by bridging the bismuth (and potassium) caps with nitrate and acetate ligands. On the other hand, the dissolution of Mn6Bi2 in water, with and without metathesis of the bismuth, leads to the precipitation of related oxyhydroxide phases, which we characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron diffraction, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and the conversion pathway by SAXS. Without removal of bismuth, amorphous manganese/bismuth oxyhydroxides precipitate within a day. On the other hand, metathesis of BiOBr yields a solution containing soluble manganese oxyhydroxide prenucleation clusters that assemble and precipitate over 10 days. This allows tracking of the reaction pathway via SAXS. We observe one-dimensional growth of species, followed by the precipitation of nanocrystalline hollandite (identified by TEM). The hollandite is presumably templated by the K+, originally in the crystalline lattice of Mn6Bi2. In this Forum Article that combines new results and prospective, we compare these results to prior studies in which we first introduced the use of capping Bi3+ to stabilize reactive clusters, followed by destabilization to understand reaction pathways in synthesis and low-temperature geochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Amiri
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Nicolas P Martin
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Omid Sadeghi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Linn-Benton Community College, Albany Oregon 97321, United States
| | - May Nyman
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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Einkauf JD, Wilcox AJ, Burns JD. Solubility and Complexation of the Bismuthate Ion in Nitric Acid Systems. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:15341-15349. [PMID: 30475603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The dissolution rate and solubility of NaBiO3 have been investigated in nitric acid systems ranging from 4 to 6 M HNO3 and were found to be 58-76 μg/cm2·d and 490-830 mM, respectively. The presence of 50 mM U(VI) drastically increased the solubility to 540-1200 mM, while rates of dissolution were relatively unchanged. The solubility of NaBiO3 increased with an increase in U(VI) concentrations at 4 M HNO3, with log-log analysis indicating a one-to-one complex between Bi and U and infrared spectroscopic evidence monitoring uranyl stretching, suggesting complex formation. Absorbance spectra were obtained experimentally and computationally with an absorbance band in the range of 450-600 nm that has been attributed to Bi(V). The ingrowth and decay of Bi(V) in solution was also studied as a function of mass of solid NaBiO3 present, acidity, and temperature. The activation energies of dissolution and decomposition were calculated to be 39 ± 4 and 61 ± 6 kJ/mol, respectively. These results indicate that dissolution of NaBiO3 into the respective Na+ and BiO3-occurs prior to undergoing reduction, a process which conventionally has been believed to occur in the reverse order.
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