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Zou H, Huan Z, Wang N, Lu J, Liu H, Wang S, Li Y. Comparative Study on the Proton Conduction Behaviors of Two Acidic Amphiphilic and Hydrophilic Coordination Compounds in Nafion Composite Membranes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:14402-14414. [PMID: 39041672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The acidic amphiphilic compound H[Co(H2L1)(HL1)(phen)]·3H2O (H4(Co-L1), H3L1 = 5-(3', 5'-dicarboxylphenyl)-pyridine-2-carboxylic, phen = phenanthroline) and the hydrophilic compound [Ni(HL2)(H2O)5]·H2O (H(Ni-L2), H3L2 = 5-(3',5'-dicarboxylphenyl)-pyridine-3-carboxylic) were synthesized via hydrothermal reactions at acidic conditions. The acidity of H4(Co-L1) is stronger than of H(Ni-L2); while the hydrogen bond continuity in H4(Co-L1) extended monodirectionally, which is smaller compared to the three-directional extension observed in H(Ni-L2). The proton conduction behaviors of these two compounds as fillers of Nafion composite membranes have been investigated. The results indicate that the optimal doping amounts of H4(Co-L1) and H(Ni-L2) are 2 and 1%, respectively; the proton conductivities of H4(Co-L1)/Nafion-2 and H(Ni-L2)/Nafion-1 composite membranes are 0.243 and 0.212 S·cm-1, respectively, which are approximately 50.2 and 30.6% higher than that of pure Nafion membrane, respectively. A higher doping amount of H4(Co-L1) can be attributed to its hydrophobic phen ligand, which promotes compatibility with Nafion membrane and reduces aggregation. Hydrogen bond continuity has a more significant effect on proton conductivity than acidity at relatively low doping amounts; conversely, this relationship reverses at relatively high doping amounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqi Zou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Huan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, PR China
| | - Na Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, PR China
| | - Jing Lu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, PR China
| | - Houting Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, PR China
| | - Suna Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, PR China
| | - Yunwu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, PR China
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Liu J, Ding L, Zou H, Huan Z, Liu H, Lu J, Wang S, Li Y. A simple MOF constructed using Pb(II) with strong polarizing force: a filler of Nafion membrane to increase proton conductivity. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:16650-16660. [PMID: 37905736 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02911e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising competitive candidates as fillers for Nafion proton exchange membrane (PEM). Increasing efforts have been made to explore methods for synthesizing MOF fillers and the mechanism by which MOF doping improves the proton conductivity (σH+) values of composite membranes. In this study, a Pb(II) cation with strong polarizing force was selected for the hydrothermal reaction with a simple sulfoterephthalate ligand (H3L). Pb-MOF [Pb2L(OH)]n was obtained, which was constructed using Pb-O layers and deprotonated sulfoterephthalate L3- and exhibited good thermal and water stability. Different amounts of Pb-MOF particles were doped into Nafion to fabricate Pb-MOF/Nafion-x composite membranes, which were characterized using SEM, PXRD, IR spectroscopy, TGA, and other methods. It was found that doping Pb-MOF can apparently improve the water absorbability and thermal stability of the composite membrane. The σH+ of the Pb-MOF/Nafion-7 composite membrane was the highest and 2.14 times that of the pure Nafion membrane at 353 K. The higher proton conduction properties may be explained by the strong polarization force, and Pb(II) cations on the surface of Pb-MOF can decrease the bond energy of the O-H bond of absorbed water molecules and increase the acidity of the composite membrane. The phenomena in this study and our previous study confirm that acidity is the most important factor in favor of proton conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252059, PR China.
| | - Li Ding
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252059, PR China.
| | - Huiqi Zou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252059, PR China.
| | - Zhipeng Huan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252059, PR China.
| | - Houting Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252059, PR China.
| | - Jing Lu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252059, PR China.
| | - Suna Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252059, PR China.
| | - Yunwu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252059, PR China.
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Ding L, Zou H, Lu J, Liu H, Wang S, Yan H, Li Y. Enhancing Proton Conductivity of Nafion Membrane by Incorporating Porous Tb-Metal-Organic Framework Modified with Nitro Groups. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:16185-16196. [PMID: 36173130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A rigid carboxylate ligand with a nitro functional group was selected to coordinate with Tb(III) cation, and Tb-MOF ({[Tb4(L)4(OH)4(H2O)3]·8H2O}n, H2L = 2-nitroterephthalic acid) with large porous and excellent hydrophilicity was obtained successfully. The obtained Tb-MOF was filled into the Nafion matrix to improve its proton conduction performance. The Tb-MOF/Nafion composite membrane was characterized by PXRD, IR, and thermogravimetry (TG) and for water uptake, area swelling, and proton conductivity. The activity energy, Ea, value of the composite membrane, which is a very important factor affecting the proton conduction performance of the membrane, was fitted and calculated. It was revealed that Tb-MOF can improve the proton conductivities of composite membranes, and the improvement degree and Ea value were both affected by Tb-MOF content. When Tb-MOF content was 5%, the proton conductivity of the composite membrane was 1.53 × 10-2 S·cm-1 at 100% RH and 80 °C, which is 1.81 times that of the pure Nafion membrane. A MOF containing a nitro functional group was first doped into Nafion in this study and exhibited excellent performance for improving composite membrane proton conductivity. This study will provide a valuable reference for designing different functionalized MOFs to promote the proton conductivities of proton exchange membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, PR China
| | - Huiqi Zou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, PR China
| | - Jing Lu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, PR China
| | - Houting Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, PR China
| | - Suna Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, PR China
| | - Hui Yan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, PR China
| | - Yunwu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, PR China
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Rationalizing Structural Hierarchy in the Design of Fuel Cell Electrode and Electrolyte Materials Derived from Metal-Organic Frameworks. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12136659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are arguably a class of highly tuneable polymer-based materials with wide applicability. The arrangement of chemical components and the bonds they form through specific chemical bond associations are critical determining factors in their functionality. In particular, crystalline porous materials continue to inspire their development and advancement towards sustainable and renewable materials for clean energy conversion and storage. An important area of development is the application of MOFs in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and are attractive for efficient low-temperature energy conversion. The practical implementation of fuel cells, however, is faced by performance challenges. To address some of the technical issues, a more critical consideration of key problems is now driving a conceptualised approach to advance the application of PEMFCs. Central to this idea is the emerging field MOF-based systems, which are currently being adopted and proving to be a more efficient and durable means of creating electrodes and electrolytes for proton−exchange membrane fuel cells. This review proposes to discuss some of the key advancements in the modification of PEMs and electrodes, which primarily use functionally important MOFs. Further, we propose to correlate MOF-based PEMFC design and the deeper correlation with performance by comparing proton conductivities and catalytic activities for selected works.
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Yang P, Yin Z, Cao L, You X, Fan C, Wang X, Wu H, Jiang Z. Synergism of orderly intrinsic and extrinsic proton-conducting sites in covalent organic framework membranes. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Zhou CC, Liu HT, Ding L, Lu J, Wang SN, Li YW. Single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformations among three Mn-MOFs containing different water molecules induced by reaction time: crystal structures and proton conductivities. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:11077-11090. [PMID: 34328488 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01163d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three Mn-MOFs {[Mn3(μ4-L)2(H2O)7]·4H2O}n (1), {[Mn3(μ5-L)2(H2O)6]·4H2O}n (2) and {[Mn3(μ7-L)2(H2O)2]}n (3) (H3L = 5-(6-carboxypyridin-3-yl)isophthalic acid) were obtained under different reaction times and temperatures. Interestingly, induced by reaction time, compound 1 can lose one water molecule and SC-SC transform into compound 2. Similarly, compound 2 can also SC-SC transform into 3. Studies on two SC-SC transformation processes were carried out and the transformation mechanisms were deduced, which were verified by TG analyses. Different numbers of water molecules in the three compounds resulted in different coordination environments of the metal cation, coordination modes of the L3- ligand, continuities of hydrogen bonds, dimensions of framework and porosities. The AC impendence spectra studies revealed that compounds 1-3 can enhance the proton conductivities of the Nafion composite membrane to about 47.77%, 36.88% and 21.28%, respectively. It is speculated that the highest proton conductivity of compound 1 may be due to its continuous hydrogen bond chain and highest water uptake, which were mainly decided by the number of water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Cong Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, PR China.
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Çiftçi E, Erer H, Arıcı M, Yeşilel OZ. Cobalt(II), Zinc(II) and Cadmium(II) Coordination Polymers Assembled by Flexible 5,5′-(But-2-ene-1,4-diylbis(oxy))diisophthalic Acid and 1,2-Bis((1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)benzene Ligands. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-020-01860-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhou CC, Liu HT, Ding L, Lu J, Wang SN, Li YW. Proton conductivities of four low dimensional MOFs: affected by the amount of chelated ligands. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00589h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The smaller the proportion of the chelated ligand, the more water molecules in the compound, which increases the chance of forming continuous hydrogen bonds, enhances the water absorption ability, and improves the proton conductivity of the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Cong Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- 252059 PR China
| | - Hou-Ting Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- 252059 PR China
| | - Li Ding
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- 252059 PR China
| | - Jing Lu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- 252059 PR China
| | - Su-Na Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- 252059 PR China
| | - Yun-Wu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- 252059 PR China
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Liu H, Lu J, Liu Z, Wang S, Yan H, Tian H. Proton conducting behavior of a microporous metal-organic framework assisted by ligand isomerization. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2020.121570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Zhang Z, Ren J, Xu J, Wang Z, He W, Wang S, Yang X, Du X, Meng L, Zhao P. Adjust the arrangement of imidazole on the metal-organic framework to obtain hybrid proton exchange membrane with long-term stable high proton conductivity. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Liu H, Li R, Lu J, Liu Z, Wang S, Tian H. Proton conduction studies on four porous and nonporous coordination polymers with different acidities and water uptake. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01197e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Acidity and water absorption ability are important influencing factors on proton conducting behavior, which are determined by the protonation degree and amount of hydrophilic groups in the crystal structures, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houting Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Inner Mongolia University
- Hohhot 010021
- P.R. China
| | - Rongyun Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Cell Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng 252059
- P. R. China
| | - Jing Lu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Cell Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng 252059
- P. R. China
| | - Zhiliang Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Inner Mongolia University
- Hohhot 010021
- P.R. China
| | - Suna Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Cell Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng 252059
- P. R. China
| | - Haiquan Tian
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Cell Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng 252059
- P. R. China
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Zhou CC, Yan H, Liu HT, Li RY, Lu J, Wang SN, Li YW. Proton conductivity studies on five isostructural MOFs with different acidity induced by metal cations. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04179c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Five isostructural MOFs display very different proton conductivities despite the same proton transfer pathway. This difference is caused by the different coordination ability between the metal cations and the ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Cong Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- P. R. China
| | - Hui Yan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- P. R. China
| | - Hou-Ting Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- P. R. China
| | - Rong-Yun Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- P. R. China
| | - Jing Lu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- P. R. China
| | - Su-Na Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- P. R. China
| | - Yun-Wu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- P. R. China
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Li RY, Liu HT, Zhou CC, Chu ZT, Lu J, Wang SN, Jin J, Yan WF. Ligand substitution induced single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformations in two Ni(ii) coordination compounds displaying consequential changes in proton conductivity. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00088d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Two Ni(ii) coordination compounds can reversibly SC–SC transform into each other induced by ligand substitution, causing changes in their proton conductivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Yun Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- 252059 PR China
| | - Hou-Ting Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- 252059 PR China
| | - Chuan-Cong Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- 252059 PR China
| | - Zhi-Tong Chu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- 252059 PR China
| | - Jing Lu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- 252059 PR China
| | - Su-Na Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- 252059 PR China
| | - Juan Jin
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Ludong University
- Yantai
- P.R. China
| | - Wen-Fu Yan
- College of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
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