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Marshall PV, Thiel SD, Cote EE, Hrubiak R, Whitaker ML, Meng Y, Walsh JPS. Combined First-Principles and Experimental Investigation into the Reactivity of Codeposited Chromium-Carbon under Pressure. ACS MATERIALS AU 2024; 4:393-402. [PMID: 39006398 PMCID: PMC11240409 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.3c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
High-pressure synthesis in the diamond anvil cell suffers from the lack of a general approach for the control of precursor stoichiometry and homogeneity. Here, we present results from a new method we have developed that uses magnetron cosputtering to prepare stoichiometrically precise and atomically mixed amorphous films of Cr:C. Laser-heated diamond anvil cell experiments carried out on a flake of this sample at pressures between 13.5 and 24.3 GPa lead to the observation of Cr3C (Pnma) over the entire pressure range-in good agreement with our in-house theoretical predictions-but also reveal two other metastable phases that were not expected: a novel monoclinic chromium carbide phase and the NaCl-type CrC (Fm3̅m) phase. The unexpected stability of CrC is investigated by using first-principles methods, revealing a large stabilizing effect tied to substoichiometry at the carbon site. These results offer an important case study into the current limitations of crystal structure prediction methods with regard to phase complexity and bolster the growing need for advanced theoretical approaches that can more completely survey experimentally unexplored phase space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul V. Marshall
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts
Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Scott D. Thiel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts
Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Elizabeth E. Cote
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts
Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Rostislav Hrubiak
- HPCAT,
X-ray Science Division, Argonne National
Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Matthew L. Whitaker
- Department
of Geosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2100, United
States
| | - Yue Meng
- HPCAT,
X-ray Science Division, Argonne National
Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - James P. S. Walsh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts
Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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2
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Zhang D, Yu R, Feng X, Guo X, Yang Y, Xu X. Enhanced Mechanical Properties of Al 2O 3 Nanoceramics via Low Temperature Spark Plasma Sintering of Amorphous Powders. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5652. [PMID: 37629943 PMCID: PMC10456409 DOI: 10.3390/ma16165652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
In this work, Al2O3 nanoceramics were prepared by spark plasma sintering of amorphous powders and polycrystalline powders with similar particle sizes. Effective comparisons of sintering processes and ultimate products depending on starting powder conditions were explored. To ensure near-full density higher than 98% of the Al2O3 nanoceramics, the threshold temperature in SPS is 1450 °C for polycrystalline Al2O3 powders and 1300 °C for amorphous powders. The low SPS temperature for amorphous powders is attributed to the metastable state with high free energy of amorphous powders. The Al2O3 nanoceramics prepared by amorphous powders display a mean grain size of 170 nm, and superior mechanical properties, including high bending strength of 870 MPa, Vickers hardness of 20.5 GPa and fracture toughness of 4.3 MPa∙m1/2. Furthermore, the Al2O3 nanoceramics prepared by amorphous powders showed a larger dynamic strength and dynamic strain. The toughening mechanism with predominant transgranular fracture is explained based on the separation of quasi-boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjiang Zhang
- Xi’an Modern Control Technology Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Rui Yu
- Xi’an Modern Control Technology Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Xuelei Feng
- Xi’an Modern Control Technology Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Xuncheng Guo
- Xi’an Modern Control Technology Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Yongkang Yang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Xiqing Xu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710061, China
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3
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Sayegh MA, Daraghma H, Mekid S, Bashmal S. Review of Recent Bio-Inspired Design and Manufacturing of Whisker Tactile Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:2705. [PMID: 35408319 PMCID: PMC9003453 DOI: 10.3390/s22072705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Whisker sensors are a class of tactile sensors that have recently attracted attention. Inspired by mammals' whiskers known as mystacial vibrissae, they have displayed tremendous potential in a variety of applications e.g., robotics, underwater vehicles, minimally invasive surgeries, and leak detection. This paper provides a supplement to the recent tactile sensing techniques' designs of whiskers that only sense at their base, as well as the materials employed, and manufacturing techniques. The article delves into the technical specifications of these sensors, such as the resolution, measurement range, sensitivity, durability, and recovery time, which determine their performance. The sensors' sensitivity varies depending on the measured physical quantity; for example, the pressure sensors had an intermediate sensitivity of 58%/Pa and a response time of around 90 ms, whereas the force sensors that function based on piezoelectric effects exhibited good linearity in the measurements with a resolution of 3 µN and sensitivity of 0.1682 mV/µN. Some sensors were used to perform spatial mapping and the identification of the geometry and roughness of objects with a reported resolution of 25 nm. The durability and recovery time showed a wide range of values, with the maximum durability being 10,000 cycles and the shortest recovery time being 5 ms. Furthermore, the paper examines the fabrication of whiskers at the micro- and nanoscales, as well as their contributions to mechanical and thermal behavior. The commonly used manufacturing techniques of 3D printing, PDMS casting, and screen printing were used in addition to several micro and nanofabrication techniques such as photolithography, etching, and chemical vapor deposition. Lastly, the paper discusses the main potential applications of these sensors and potential research gaps in this field. In particular, the operation of whisker sensors under high temperatures or high pressure requires further investigation, as does the design of sensors to explore larger topologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad-Ammar Sayegh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; (M.-A.S.); (H.D.); (S.B.)
| | - Hammam Daraghma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; (M.-A.S.); (H.D.); (S.B.)
| | - Samir Mekid
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; (M.-A.S.); (H.D.); (S.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Bashmal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; (M.-A.S.); (H.D.); (S.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Zhai C, Yu Y, Zhu Y, Zhang J, Zhong Y, Yeo J, Wang M. The Impact of Foaming Effect on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Foam Glasses with Molecular-Level Insights. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030876. [PMID: 35164137 PMCID: PMC8839738 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Foaming effect strongly impacts the physical and mechanical properties of foam glass materials, but an understanding of its mechanism especially at the molecular level is still limited. In this study, the foaming effects of dextrin, a mixture of dextrin and carbon, and different carbon allotropes are investigated with respect to surface morphology as well as physical and mechanical properties, in which 1 wt.% carbon black is identified as an optimal choice for a well-balanced material property. More importantly, the different foaming effects are elucidated by all-atomistic molecular dynamics simulations with molecular-level insights into the structure–property relationships. The results show that smaller pores and more uniform pore structure benefit the mechanical properties of the foam glass samples. The foam glass samples show excellent chemical and thermal stability with 1 wt.% carbon as the foaming agent. Furthermore, the foaming effects of CaSO4 and Na2HPO4 are investigated, which both create more uniform pore structures. This work may inspire more systematic approaches to control foaming effect for customized engineering needs by establishing molecular-level structure–property–process relationships, thereby, leading to efficient production of foam glass materials with desired foaming effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhai
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yang Yu
- Centre for Infrastructure Engineering, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yumei Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ying Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jingjie Yeo
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
| | - Mingchao Wang
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China;
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5
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Yue K, Zhai C, Gu S, Yeo J, Zhou G. The effect of ionic liquid-based electrolytes for dendrite-inhibited and performance-boosted lithium metal batteries. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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6
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Qiu Y, Zhai C, Chen L, Liu X, Yeo J. Current Insights on the Diverse Structures and Functions in Bacterial Collagen-like Proteins. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021. [PMID: 33871954 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The dearth of knowledge on the diverse structures and functions in bacterial collagen-like proteins is in stark contrast to the deep grasp of structures and functions in mammalian collagen, the ubiquitous triple-helical scleroprotein that plays a central role in tissue architecture, extracellular matrix organization, and signal transduction. To fill and highlight existing gaps due to the general paucity of data on bacterial CLPs, we comprehensively reviewed the latest insight into their functional and structural diversity from multiple perspectives of biology, computational simulations, and materials engineering. The origins and discovery of bacterial CLPs were explored. Their genetic distribution and molecular architecture were analyzed, and their structural and functional diversity in various bacterial genera was examined. The principal roles of computational techniques in understanding bacterial CLPs' structural stability, mechanical properties, and biological functions were also considered. This review serves to drive further interest and development of bacterial CLPs, not only for addressing fundamental biological problems in collagen but also for engineering novel biomaterials. Hence, both biology and materials communities will greatly benefit from intensified research into the diverse structures and functions in bacterial collagen-like proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Qiu
- National Biopesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Center, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Biopesticide Branch of Hubei Innovation Centre of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan 430064, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Chenxi Zhai
- J2 Lab for Engineering Living Materials, Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Ling Chen
- National Biopesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Center, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Biopesticide Branch of Hubei Innovation Centre of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan 430064, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- National Biopesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Center, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Biopesticide Branch of Hubei Innovation Centre of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan 430064, PR China
| | - Jingjie Yeo
- J2 Lab for Engineering Living Materials, Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
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7
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Yue K, Zhai C, Gu S, He Y, Yeo J, Zhou G. Performance-enhanced lithium metal batteries through ionic liquid based electrolytes and mechanism research derived by density functional theory calculations. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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8
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Zhai C, Wang M, Feng Z, Zhou Q, Wei T, Liu J. Chromium carbide micro-whiskers dataset: Morphologies with scanning and transmission electronic microscopy. Data Brief 2020; 32:106222. [PMID: 32923543 PMCID: PMC7476232 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromium carbide exhibits a superior set of mechanical properties and chemical stabilities and is widely used in various engineering applications. Here, micro-whiskers of the Cr2O3 were successfully prepared using a carbothermal reduction method with high energy milling and liquid phase catalysis. The whiskers growth was observed with scanning electron microscopy and field emission gun transmission electron microscopy. This dataset shows all kinds of morphologies of the Cr2O3 whiskers during the growth stage, including agglomerated, pointed, and non-whiskered shapes, which are products of the mixture of Cr2O3:C = 1:5 or 1:8 or 1:10 under different temperatures and duration time. These data provide important additional information different from the source article but complement it with some negative but indicative and instructive data. Experimental scientists who want to investigate the growth and strengthening of whiskers of Cr2O3 or others can refer to and benefit from these data, such as possible combinations of the experimental conditions which may lead to certain outcomes and guide the predictive design of future relevant research with similar materials system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhai
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Mingchao Wang
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, PR China
| | - Zhaojie Feng
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, PR China
| | - Qingjun Zhou
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, PR China
| | - Tong Wei
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, PR China
| | - Jiachen Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
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