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Jekal S, Otgonbayar Z, Noh J, Sa M, Kim J, Kim CG, Chu YR, Kim HY, Song S, Choi H, Oh WC, Yoon CM. Designing Novel LiDAR-Detectable Plate-Type Materials: Synthesis, Chemistry, and Practical Application for Autonomous Working Environment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:19121-19136. [PMID: 38588341 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Plate-type hollow black TiO2 (HL/BT) with a high NIR reflectance was fabricated for the first time as a LiDAR-detectable black material. A TiO2 layer was formed on commercial-grade glass by using the sol-gel method to obtain a plate-type structure. The glass template was then etched with hydrofluoric acid to form a hollow structure, and blackness was further achieved through NaBH4 reduction, which altered the oxidation state of TiO2 to black TixO2x-1 or Ti4+ to Ti3+ and Ti2+. The blackness of the HL/BT material was maintained by a novel approach that involved etching prior to reduction. The thickness of the TiO2 layer was controlled to maximize the NIR reflectance when applied as paint. The HL/BT material with a thickness of 140 nm (HL/BT140) showed a blackness (L*) of 13.3 and high NIR reflectance of 23.6% at a wavelength of 905 nm. This is attributed to the effective light reflection at the interface created by the TiO2 layer and the hollow structure. Plate-type HL/BT140 provides excellent spreadability, durability, and thermal stability in practical paint applications compared with sphere-type materials due to the higher contacting area to the applied surface, making it suitable for use as a LiDAR-detectable inorganic black pigment in autonomous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Jekal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, 125 Dongseo-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34158, Korea
| | - Zambaga Otgonbayar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, 125 Dongseo-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34158, Korea
| | - Jungchul Noh
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering and Texas Material Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Minki Sa
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, 125 Dongseo-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34158, Korea
| | - Jiwon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, 125 Dongseo-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34158, Korea
| | - Chan-Gyo Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, 125 Dongseo-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34158, Korea
| | - Yeon-Ryong Chu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, 125 Dongseo-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34158, Korea
| | - Ha-Yeong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, 125 Dongseo-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34158, Korea
| | - Seulki Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Hyuntae Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Won-Chun Oh
- Department of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Hanseo University, 46 Hanseo 1-ro, Seosan-si, Chungnam 356-706, Korea
| | - Chang-Min Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, 125 Dongseo-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34158, Korea
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