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Hu A, Qin H, Wu S, Zhao X, Li Y, Chen F, Liu T. Development and validation of a clinical prediction model for prognostic factors in patients with primary pontine hemorrhage. Braz J Med Biol Res 2024; 57:e13359. [PMID: 38656075 PMCID: PMC11027180 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2024e13359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to develop a prognostic model for primary pontine hemorrhage (PPH) patients and validate the predictive value of the model for a good prognosis at 90 days. A total of 254 PPH patients were included for screening of the independent predictors of prognosis, and data were analyzed by univariate and multivariable logistic regression tests. The cases were then divided into training cohort (n=219) and validation cohort (n=35) based on the two centers. A nomogram was developed using independent predictors from the training cohort to predict the 90-day good outcome and was validated from the validation cohort. Glasgow Coma Scale score, normalized pixels (used to describe bleeding volume), and mechanical ventilation were significant predictors of a good outcome of PPH at 90 days in the training cohort (all P<0.05). The U test showed no statistical difference (P=0.892) between the training cohort and the validation cohort, suggesting the model fitted well. The new model showed good discrimination (area under the curve=0.833). The decision curve analysis of the nomogram of the training cohort indicated a great net benefit. The PPH nomogram comprising the Glasgow Coma Scale score, normalized pixels, and mechanical ventilation may facilitate predicting a 90-day good outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anquan Hu
- Department of Geriatric Center, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Heyan Qin
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Shina Wu
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yumeng Li
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Radiology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
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Hwang DY, Kim KS, Muehlschlegel S, Wartenberg KE, Rajajee V, Alexander SA, Busl KM, Creutzfeldt CJ, Fontaine GV, Hocker SE, Madzar D, Mahanes D, Mainali S, Sakowitz OW, Varelas PN, Weimar C, Westermaier T, Meixensberger J. Guidelines for Neuroprognostication in Critically Ill Adults with Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 2024; 40:395-414. [PMID: 37923968 PMCID: PMC10959839 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-023-01854-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this document is to provide recommendations on the formal reliability of major clinical predictors often associated with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) neuroprognostication. METHODS A narrative systematic review was completed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology and the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, Timing, Setting questions. Predictors, which included both individual clinical variables and prediction models, were selected based on clinical relevance and attention in the literature. Following construction of the evidence profile and summary of findings, recommendations were based on Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria. Good practice statements addressed essential principles of neuroprognostication that could not be framed in the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, Timing, Setting format. RESULTS Six candidate clinical variables and two clinical grading scales (the original ICH score and maximally treated ICH score) were selected for recommendation creation. A total of 347 articles out of 10,751 articles screened met our eligibility criteria. Consensus statements of good practice included deferring neuroprognostication-aside from the most clinically devastated patients-for at least the first 48-72 h of intensive care unit admission; understanding what outcomes would have been most valued by the patient; and counseling of patients and surrogates whose ultimate neurological recovery may occur over a variable period of time. Although many clinical variables and grading scales are associated with ICH poor outcome, no clinical variable alone or sole clinical grading scale was suggested by the panel as currently being reliable by itself for use in counseling patients with ICH and their surrogates, regarding functional outcome at 3 months and beyond or 30-day mortality. CONCLUSIONS These guidelines provide recommendations on the formal reliability of predictors of poor outcome in the context of counseling patients with ICH and surrogates and suggest broad principles of neuroprognostication. Clinicians formulating their judgments of prognosis for patients with ICH should avoid anchoring bias based solely on any one clinical variable or published clinical grading scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Y Hwang
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 170 Manning Drive, CB# 7025, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7025, USA.
| | - Keri S Kim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Susanne Muehlschlegel
- Division of Neurosciences Critical Care, Departments of Neurology and Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Katharina M Busl
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Gabriel V Fontaine
- Departments of Pharmacy and Neurosciences, Intermountain Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sara E Hocker
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dominik Madzar
- Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dea Mahanes
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UVA Health, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Shraddha Mainali
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Oliver W Sakowitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Center Ludwigsburg-Heilbronn, Ludwigsburg, Germany
| | | | - Christian Weimar
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- BDH-Klinik Elzach, Elzach, Germany
| | - Thomas Westermaier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helios Amper-Kliniken Dachau, University of Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Tang Z, Huang W, Chen Q, Guo C, Zheng K, Wei W, Jiang Q, Yang R. Curative effect analysis of robot-assisted drainage surgery in treatment of spontaneous hypertensive brainstem hemorrhage. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1352949. [PMID: 38469591 PMCID: PMC10925720 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1352949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Spontaneous hypertensive brainstem hemorrhage (HBSH) is characterized by sudden onset, rapid progression and poor prognosis. There has been a growing tendency of surgical treatment for HBSH. This study aimed to investigate outcomes and potential factors associated with the prognosis of robot-assisted drainage surgery for HBSH treatment. Methods Patients with HBSH from July 2016 to March 2023 at a single neurosurgery center were included and divided into conservative group and surgical groups. Baseline and clinical data, radiographic characteristics, complications, and outcome evaluations were recorded and analyzed. Results A total of 125 patients, with 74 in the conservative group and 51 in the surgical group, were enrolled in the study. Mortality at 6 months was 59/74 (79.7%) in the conservative group and 9/51 (17.6%) in the surgical group. Twenty-four patients (47.1%) achieved favorable outcomes in the surgical group, whereas this rate in the conservative group was only 5.4% (4/74). There was a significant difference in NIHSS, GCS, and mRS at 6 months between surviving patients in the conservative and surgical groups. In prognostic analysis in the surgical subgroup, initial GCS score [5 (IQR 4-7) vs. 3 (IQR 3-4), p < 0.001], NIHSS [36 (IQR 32-38) vs. 40 (IQR 38-40), p < 0.001], smoking history [45.8% (11/24) vs. 74.1% (20/27), p = 0.039], hematoma volume [6.9 (IQR 6.2-7.6) vs. 9.6 (IQR 7.3-11.4), p = 0.001], and hemorrhage location (p = 0.001) were potential risk factors for poor 6-month prognosis after robot-assisted surgery for HBSH. Conclusion Based on the results of this study, robot-assisted minimally invasive drainage of brain stem hematoma may significantly reduce mortality and improve prognosis. Surgery should be conducted for selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiji Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Weilong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiqi Chen
- Department of Magnetoencephalography, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changgui Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kuan Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wenjin Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiuhua Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ruijin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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Yindeedej V, Setprapha C, Komarapaj C, Osirichaivait K, Nimmannitya P, Noiphithak R. Applications of Machine Learning Model for Prediction of Outcomes in Primary Pontine Hemorrhage. World Neurosurg 2023; 175:e1348-e1359. [PMID: 37172714 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary pontine hemorrhage (PPH) is a rare intracranial hemorrhage with a wide range of mortality rate. Predicting the prognosis of PPH is still challenging. Previous prognostic scoring tests have not been widely used due to limited external validation. This study applied machine learning (ML) algorithms to develop predictive models for mortality and prognosis of patients with PPH. METHODS Data of patients with PPH were retrospectively reviewed. Seven ML models were used to train and validate for predicting outcomes of PPH including 30-day mortality rate, 30-day, and 90-day functional outcomes. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, F1 score, Brier score, and area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic were calculated. The models with the highest AUC were then selected to evaluate the testing data. RESULTS One hundred and fourteen patients with PPH were included. Mean hematoma volume was 7 ml and most patients had hematoma in the central part of the pons. The 30-day mortality rate was 34.2% and favorable outcomes were observed in 71.1% and 70.2% during 30-day and 90-day follow-up. The ML model could predict 30-day mortality with an AUC of 0.97 using an artificial neural network. Regarding functional outcome, the gradient boosting machine could predict both 30-day and 90-day outcomes with an AUC of 0.94. CONCLUSIONS ML algorithms achieved a high performance and accuracy in predicting PPH outcomes. Despite the need for further validation, ML models are promising tools for clinical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vich Yindeedej
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Thammasat University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Chaipatr Setprapha
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Thammasat University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Claire Komarapaj
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Thammasat University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Krit Osirichaivait
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Thammasat University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Pree Nimmannitya
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Thammasat University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Raywat Noiphithak
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Thammasat University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.
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Yu Z, Zhang X, Xu Q, Zhang Z, Xia Y, Li H, Yu X, Deng L, Zhang L. Effect of hematoma volume on the 30-day mortality rate of patients with primary hypertensive brainstem hemorrhage: a retrospective cohort study. Front Surg 2023; 10:1136296. [PMID: 37215349 PMCID: PMC10196262 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2023.1136296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of hematoma volume on the 30-Day Mortality Rate of patients with Primary Hypertensive Brainstem Hemorrhage (PHBH). Methods Retrospective analysis was done on the clinical information of 74 patients who underwent treatment for primary hypertensive brainstem hemorrhage at the Department of Neurosurgery of the 908th Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army between January 2018 and December 2021. Both univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to assess clinical signs and risk factors that affect 30-day mortality. Results In the 74 patients with primary hypertensive brainstem hemorrhage included in this investigation, 46 patients died and 28 patients survived. The mortality rate at 30 days was 62.16%. A statistically significant difference was seen (P < 0.001) in the results of the univariate analysis, which suggested that hematoma volume may be a factor affecting the prognosis of patients with hypertensive brainstem hemorrhage. Hematoma volume was further demonstrated to be a risk factor and an independent factor impacting death in patients with brainstem hemorrhage (P < 0.001) by multivariate logistic regression analysis (OR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.7-3.9, P < 0.001 Crude Model, OR: 3.6, 95% CI: 1.7-7.7, P < 0.001 Multivariate-Adjusted Model). After adjusting for confounding variables such as age, body mass index, sex, history of diabetes mellitus, history of hypertension, admission GCS score, stereotactic aspiration, combined hydrocephalus, admission systolic and diastolic blood pressure, the hematoma volume was revealed to be an independent predictor of 30-day death in patients with brainstem hemorrhage. We discovered by smooth curve fitting that hematoma volume increased in a non-linear manner with 30-day mortality. The 30-day mortality rate did not alter significantly when the hematoma volume was less than 4 ml. When the hematoma volume was greater than 4 ml, the 30-day mortality rate increased rapidly, and when the hematoma volume was 10 ml, the 30-day mortality rate reached the maximum. Conclusions Hematoma volume is an independent factor affecting 30-day mortality in patients with primary hypertensive brainstem hemorrhage. The severe and extensive neurological damage caused by primary hypertensive brainstem hemorrhage is highly unlikely to be fundamentally altered by a single protocol, and new avenues need to be explored scientifically and continuously.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lei Deng
- Correspondence: Lei Deng Long Zhang
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Guo X, Xu JK, Qi X, Wei Y, Wang CW, Li H, Ma L, You C, Tian M. Early brainstem injury progression: multi-sequence magnetic resonance imaging and histopathology. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:170-175. [PMID: 35799538 PMCID: PMC9241409 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.344838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Wang S, Chen F, Zhang M, Zhao X, Wen L, Wu W, Wu S, Li Z, Tian J, Liu T. Predicting prognosis of primary pontine hemorrhage using CT image and deep learning. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 36:103257. [PMID: 36510407 PMCID: PMC9668666 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Prognosis of primary pontine hemorrhage (PPH) is important for treatment planning and patient management. However, only few clinical factors were reported to have prognostic value to PPH. Here, we propose a deep learning (DL) model that mines high-dimensional prognostic information from computed tomography (CT) images and combines clinical factors for predicting individualized prognosis of PPH. We proposed a multi-task DL model to learn high-dimensional CT features of hematoma and perihematomal areas for predicting the risk of 30-day mortality, 90-day mortality and 90-day functional outcome of PPH simultaneously. We further explored the combination of the DL model and clinical factors by building a combined model. All the models were trained in a training cohort (n = 219) and tested in an independent testing cohort (n = 35). The DL model achieved area under the curve (AUC) of 0.886, 0.886, and 0.759 in predicting 30-day mortality, 90-day mortality and 90-day functional outcome of PPH in the independent testing cohort, which improved over the previously reported new PPH score and the clinical model. When combining the DL model and clinical factors, the combined model achieved improved performance (AUC = 0.920, 0.941, and 0.894), indicating that DL model mines CT information that complements clinical factors. Through DL visualization technique, we found that the internal structure of hematoma and its expansion to perihematomal regions are important for predicting the prognosis of PPH. This DL model provides an easy-to-use way for predicting individualized prognosis of PPH by mining high-dimensional information from CT images, and showed improvement over clinical factors and present methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Radiology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China,Corresponding authors at: Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University (J. Tian); Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital (Hannan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University) (T. Liu); and Department of Radiology, Hainan General Hospital (Hannan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University) (F. Chen).
| | - Mingyu Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linghua Wen
- Department of Radiology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China,Department of Radiology, Yueyang Central Hospital, Yueyang, China
| | - Wenyuan Wu
- Department of Radiology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Shina Wu
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China,Corresponding authors at: Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University (J. Tian); Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital (Hannan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University) (T. Liu); and Department of Radiology, Hainan General Hospital (Hannan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University) (F. Chen).
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China,Corresponding authors at: Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University (J. Tian); Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital (Hannan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University) (T. Liu); and Department of Radiology, Hainan General Hospital (Hannan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University) (F. Chen).
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Management of Primary Brainstem Hemorrhage: A Review of Outcome Prediction, Surgical Treatment, and Animal Model. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:4293590. [PMID: 35864996 PMCID: PMC9296309 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4293590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Primary brainstem hemorrhage (PBH) has the worst prognosis of all types of intracerebral hemorrhage. Currently, the management of PBH is controversial. Hematoma classification, scoring systems, and electrophysiological monitoring are critical for predicting the outcome of PBH. Surgery may be an effective treatment for PBH. Clinical studies have emphasized the importance of animal models for understanding the pathogenesis and pathological mechanisms of PBH. In this study, combined with recent studies, the outcome prediction, surgical treatment, and animal models of PBH were reviewed.
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The truths behind the statistics of surgical treatment for hypertensive brainstem hemorrhage in China: a review. Neurosurg Rev 2021; 45:1195-1204. [PMID: 34716511 PMCID: PMC8555712 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-021-01683-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypertensive brainstem hemorrhage (HBSH) is of high morbidity and mortality rate. But many clinical studies were written in Chinese and had not been reviewed. A systemic review of Chinese clinical studies for HBSH was performed. A systemic literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Weipu database and Wanfang database up to March 2020 was performed. Clinical control studies including a surgical evacuation (SE) group and a conservative management (CM) group were included. The clinical outcome and mortality rate were compared. Ten cohort studies were included, involving 944 participants (304 in the SE group and 640 in the CM group). All included patients were comatose, with the average age ranged from 45 to 65 years old. Among five studies using mRS or GOS as outcome score, a total of 16.6% (89/535) of patients achieve self-maintenance with minor disabilities, including 26.8% (34/127) in the SE group and 13.5% (55/408) in the CM group. The overall mortality rate in the SE group was 27.6%, ranged from 9.3 to 60% among different studies. The overall mortality rate in the CM group was 60.6%, ranged from 18.5 to 100.0%. Elder and comatose HBSH patients are not contraindicated for surgery. The review showed that this group of patients obtained a better outcome and lower mortality rate after surgical treatment. The quality of included studies was relatively low, but a high-level clinical study on HBSH is of great difficulty, as both clinicians and patients faced various sociological issues rather than pure medical problems.
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Yang Z, Yu G, Zhu W, Chen L, Song J, Mao Y. The benefit and outcome prediction of acute surgery for hemorrhagic brainstem cavernous malformation with impending respiratory failure. J Clin Neurosci 2021; 93:213-220. [PMID: 34656250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Impending respiratory failure is catastrophic neurological deterioration caused by repeated c of a brainstem cavernous malformation (BSCM). The benefit and outcome prediction of acute surgery for this fatal condition is rarely reported. In this study, the authors reported a case series of acute surgical treatment (≤3 weeks after the last hemorrhagic episode) for the BSCM with impending respiratory failure and reviewed literature over the past 20 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical and outcome data from 6 consecutive acute surgically-treated BSCM patients were analyzed. Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) scores, primary pontine hemorrhage (PPH) scores, and Lawton's BSCM grading were applied for surgical outcome prediction. Ten related articles were included for the literature review. RESULTS There were three men and three women, with a mean age of 32.2 ± 9.3 years (range 15-45 years). The BSCMs were located at the pons in 5 cases and the medulla in 1 case. The ICH score was 1-2 in all cases, while the PPH score was 0 in all pontine BSCMs. For Lawton's BSCM grading, 3 cases were grade 2, 2 cases were grade 3, and 1 case was grade 1. All patients achieved spontaneous respiratory dysfunction relief postoperatively and significantly improved at follow-up (mean 4.47 ± 0.24 years;range4.0-5.6 years). CONCLUSIONS Repeated hemorrhagic BSCM with impending respiratory failure can benefit from acute surgical treatment. The ICH score, PPH score, and Lawton's BSCM grading are promisingly useful tools for fast and efficient surgical outcome prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neuological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China; Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China; Research Units of New Technologies of Micro-Endoscopy Combination in Skull Base Surgery (2018RU008), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Guo Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neuological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China; Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China; Research Units of New Technologies of Micro-Endoscopy Combination in Skull Base Surgery (2018RU008), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neuological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China; Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China; Research Units of New Technologies of Micro-Endoscopy Combination in Skull Base Surgery (2018RU008), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neuological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China; Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China; Research Units of New Technologies of Micro-Endoscopy Combination in Skull Base Surgery (2018RU008), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jianping Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neuological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China; Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China; Research Units of New Technologies of Micro-Endoscopy Combination in Skull Base Surgery (2018RU008), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Shanghai 200040, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Huashan Hospital Fujian Campus, Fujian Medical University The First Affiliated Hospital Binhai Campus, National Regional Medical Center, Fuzhou, Fujian 350209, China.
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neuological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China; Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China; Research Units of New Technologies of Micro-Endoscopy Combination in Skull Base Surgery (2018RU008), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Shanghai 200040, China
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Chen D, Tang Y, Nie H, Zhang P, Wang W, Dong Q, Wu G, Xue M, Tang Y, Liu W, Pan C, Tang Z. Primary Brainstem Hemorrhage: A Review of Prognostic Factors and Surgical Management. Front Neurol 2021; 12:727962. [PMID: 34566872 PMCID: PMC8460873 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.727962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary brainstem hemorrhage (PBSH) is the most fatal subtype of intracerebral hemorrhage and is invariably associated with poor prognosis. Several prognostic factors are involved, of which the two most predominant and consistent are the initial level of consciousness and hemorrhage size. Other predictors, such as age, hyperthermia, and hydrocephalus, are generally not dependable indicators for making prognoses. Scoring systems have now been developed that can predict mortality and functional outcomes in patients suffering from PBSH, which can thus guide treatment decision-making. A novel grading scale, entitled “the new primary pontine hemorrhage (PPH) score,” represents the latest approach in scoring systems. In this system, patients with a score of 2–3 points appear to benefit from surgical management, although this claim requires further verification. The four main surgical options for the treatment of PBSH are craniotomy, stereotactic hematoma puncture and drainage, endoscopic hematoma removal, and external ventricular drainage. Nevertheless, the management of PBSH still primarily involves conservative treatment methods and surgery is generally not recommended, according to current practice. However, the ongoing clinical trial, entitled Safety and Efficacy of Surgical Treatment in Severe Primary Pontine Hemorrhage Evacuation (STIPE), should provide additional evidence to support the surgical treatment of PBSH. Therefore, we advocate the update of epidemiological data and re-evaluation of PBSH treatment in a contemporary context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingxin Tang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Nie
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenzhi Wang
- Department of Neuroepidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guofeng Wu
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Mengzhou Xue
- The Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuping Tang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Beijing WanTeFu Medical Apparatus Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Chao Pan
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhouping Tang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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12
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Guo X, Ma L, Li H, Qi X, Wei Y, Duan Z, Xu J, Wang C, You C, Tian M. Brainstem iron overload and injury in a rat model of brainstem hemorrhage. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 29:104956. [PMID: 32689646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.104956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Brainstem hemorrhage (BSH) is the most devastating subtype of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) with the highest mortality ranging from 56 % to 61.2 %. However, there is no effective medical or surgical therapy to improve its outcomes in clinic to date due to lack of understanding of its injury mechanisms. Herein, we explored the brainstem iron overload and injury in a rat model of BSH. METHODS Neurological scores were examined on day 1, 3, and 7 after modeling, and mortality of the rats was recorded to draft a survival curve. Rats were monitored by MRI using T2 and susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) before sacrifice for examination of histology and immunofluorescence on day 1, 3, and 7. RESULTS BSH rats had a high mortality of 56 % and demonstrated the severe neurological deficits mimicking the clinical conditions. SWI showed that the same increasing tendency in change of hypointense area with that in iron deposition by Perls staining from day 1 to 7. Expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) had similar tendency and both peaked on day 3. Neuronal degeneration occurred and stayed elevated from day 1 to 7, while myelin sheath injury was initially observed on day 1 but without significant difference within 7 days. CONCLUSIONS The time courses of erythrocyte lysis, HO-1 expression, iron deposition and ROS generation are related to each other after BSH. Besides, brainstem injury including neuronal degeneration and myelin damage were observed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Guo
- Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Lu Ma
- Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Hao Li
- Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Xin Qi
- Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Yang Wei
- Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Zhongxin Duan
- Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Jiake Xu
- Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Chengwei Wang
- Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Chao You
- Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; West China Brain Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Meng Tian
- Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; West China Brain Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
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13
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Neuberger U, Seker F, Schönenberger S, Nagel S, Ringleb PA, Bendszus M, Pfaff JAR, Möhlenbruch MA. Prediction of intracranial hemorrhages after mechanical thrombectomy of basilar artery occlusion. J Neurointerv Surg 2019; 11:1181-1186. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2019-014939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundMechanical thrombectomy (MT) achieves high recanalization rates in basilar artery occlusion (BAO). A severe complication of MT in BAO is intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Yet, knowledge of risk factors for ICH after MT in BAO is limited.ObjectiveTo evaluate clinical and procedural parameters of patients treated with MT owing to BAO to identify potential risk factors for ICH—in particular, symptomatic ICH (sICH), and assess their clinical relevance.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 101 consecutive patients presenting with BAO, who were treated with MT in our centre. Important clinical and procedural parameters were analysed as possible predictors for any ICH and sICH according to the Heidelberg Bleeding Classification using univariate tests and multivariate logistic regressions.ResultsICH occurred in 25 (24.8%) patients, with a total of 7 (6.9%) developing sICH. Treatment with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa) inhibitors was independently associated with any ICH (OR=24.67, 95% CI 4.90 to 124.03) and sICH (OR=7.08, 95% CI 1.36 to 36.78). Also, a longer onset-to-recanalization time increased the risk of both any ICH (OR=1.17, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.31) and sICH (OR=1.22, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.42). Higher serum glucose levels were associated with a higher incidence of any ICH (OR=1.39, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.85) and a higher risk of a fatal outcome (OR=1.03, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.05).ConclusionAdministration of GPIIb/IIIa inhibitor during the course of MT of BAO was identified as an important risk factor in the development of any ICH and sICH.
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14
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Guo X, Qi X, Li H, Duan Z, Wei Y, Zhang F, Tian M, Ma L, You C. Deferoxamine Alleviates Iron Overload and Brain Injury in a Rat Model of Brainstem Hemorrhage. World Neurosurg 2019; 128:e895-e904. [PMID: 31082547 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brainstem hemorrhage (BSH) is the most dangerous and devastating subtype of intracerebral hemorrhage and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. However, to date, no effective prevention methods or specific therapies have been available to improve its clinical outcomes. We preliminarily explored the efficacy of deferoxamine (DFO), a clinical chelator known for its iron-scavenging activities, in a rat model of BSH induced with collagenase infusion. METHODS DFO or saline was administrated 6 hours after BSH induction and then every 12 hours for ≤7 days. The survival curve of the rats was created, and the neurological scores were examined on days 1, 3, and 7 after BSH. The rats were sacrificed after 1, 3, and 7 days of DFO treatment for histological examination and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The results showed that administration of DFO delayed erythrocytes lysis, reduced iron deposition, reduced reactive oxygen species generation, reduced heme oxygenase-1 expression, and alleviated brain injury such as neuron degeneration and myelin sheath injury. However, DFO did not improve the survival rate and neurobehavioral outcomes in this model. CONCLUSIONS Administration of DFO had limited therapeutic effects on collagenase-induced brainstem hemorrhage in rats. Some potential explanations were proposed, and more preclinical work is required to clarify the controversial curative effect of DFO in ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhongxin Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Meng Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Brain Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lu Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao You
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Brain Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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15
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Behrouz R. Prognostic factors in pontine haemorrhage: A systematic review. Eur Stroke J 2018; 3:101-109. [PMID: 31008342 DOI: 10.1177/2396987317752729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pontine haemorrhage comprises approximately 10% of intracerebral haemorrhages. There is a common presumption that pontine haemorrhage is inherently associated with poor outcome. Purpose The aim of the review was to identify chief predictors of prognosis in (pontine haemorrhage) through systematic review of published literature. Methods A query of PubMed/MEDLINE was conducted in search of studies in English language since, 1980 focusing specifically on outcome in pontine haemorrhage. References for each publication were reviewed for additional studies not detected by the PubMed/MEDLINE probe. Surgical outcome studies were excluded from the review. Findings The query identified 7867 titles, after removal of duplicates and irrelevant studies, 20 titles were included in the review. In a total of 1437 pontine haemorrhage patients included in the 20 studies, the overall rate for early all-cause mortality was 48.1%. Level of consciousness on admission and haemorrhage size were the most consistent predictors of mortality in patients with pontine haemorrhage. Haemorrhage localisation within the pons was also a prognostic factor, but not consistently. Age and intraventricular extension were not found to be powerful prognostic predictors. Discussion/Conclusion Based on this review, level of consciousness on admission and haemorrhage size were the most influential prognostic factors in pontine haemorrhage, whereas age, haemorrhage localisation, and intraventricular haemorrhage did not consistently predict prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réza Behrouz
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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16
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Huang K, Ji Z, Sun L, Gao X, Lin S, Liu T, Xie S, Zhang Q, Xian W, Zhou S, Gu Y, Wu Y, Wang S, Lin Z, Pan S. Development and Validation of a Grading Scale for Primary Pontine Hemorrhage. Stroke 2017; 48:63-69. [PMID: 27932606 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.015326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
We aimed to develop and validate a grading scale for predicting 30-day mortality and 90-day functional outcome in patients with primary pontine hemorrhage (PPH).
Methods—
We retrospectively reviewed records of consecutive patients with first-ever pontine hemorrhage from 3 teaching hospitals between 2005 and 2012. Independent factors associated with 30-day mortality were identified by logistic regression to establish a risk stratification scale, named the new PPH score. For validation of the new PPH score, we prospectively recruited subjects from 10 units between December 2014 and November 2015. The performance of the new PPH score was presented as discrimination and calibration, measured by area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic and Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit, respectively.
Results—
Data of 171 patients were available for scale development. The new PPH score consisted of 2 independent factors with individual points assigned as follows: Glasgow Coma Scale score 3 to 4 (=2 points), 5 to 7 (=1 point), and 8 to 15 (=0 point); PPH volume >10 mL (=2 points), 5 to 10 mL (=1 point), and <5 mL (=0 point). An independent cohort of 98 patients was applied as an external validation of the new PPH score. Results showed that the new PPH score was discriminative in predicting both 30-day mortality (area under the curve, 0.902) and 90-day good outcome (area under the curve, 0.927). Furthermore, the new PPH score revealed a good calibration (χ
2
=1.387;
P
=0.846) in 30-day mortality prediction.
Conclusions—
The new PPH score is simple and reliable in predicting short-term and long-term outcome for PPH patients.
Clinical Trial Registration—
URL:
http://www.chictr.org.cn
. Unique identifier: ChiCTR-OOC-14005533.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaibin Huang
- From the Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (K.H., Z.J., L.S., Y.W., S.W., Z.L., S.P.); Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China (L.S.); Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (X.G.); Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, China (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital,
| | - Zhong Ji
- From the Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (K.H., Z.J., L.S., Y.W., S.W., Z.L., S.P.); Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China (L.S.); Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (X.G.); Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, China (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital,
| | - Lihua Sun
- From the Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (K.H., Z.J., L.S., Y.W., S.W., Z.L., S.P.); Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China (L.S.); Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (X.G.); Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, China (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital,
| | - Xiaoya Gao
- From the Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (K.H., Z.J., L.S., Y.W., S.W., Z.L., S.P.); Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China (L.S.); Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (X.G.); Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, China (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital,
| | - Shaopeng Lin
- From the Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (K.H., Z.J., L.S., Y.W., S.W., Z.L., S.P.); Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China (L.S.); Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (X.G.); Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, China (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital,
| | - Tao Liu
- From the Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (K.H., Z.J., L.S., Y.W., S.W., Z.L., S.P.); Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China (L.S.); Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (X.G.); Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, China (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital,
| | - Shanfang Xie
- From the Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (K.H., Z.J., L.S., Y.W., S.W., Z.L., S.P.); Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China (L.S.); Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (X.G.); Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, China (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital,
| | - Qishan Zhang
- From the Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (K.H., Z.J., L.S., Y.W., S.W., Z.L., S.P.); Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China (L.S.); Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (X.G.); Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, China (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital,
| | - Wenchuan Xian
- From the Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (K.H., Z.J., L.S., Y.W., S.W., Z.L., S.P.); Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China (L.S.); Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (X.G.); Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, China (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital,
| | - Saijun Zhou
- From the Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (K.H., Z.J., L.S., Y.W., S.W., Z.L., S.P.); Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China (L.S.); Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (X.G.); Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, China (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital,
| | - Youquan Gu
- From the Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (K.H., Z.J., L.S., Y.W., S.W., Z.L., S.P.); Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China (L.S.); Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (X.G.); Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, China (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital,
| | - Yongming Wu
- From the Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (K.H., Z.J., L.S., Y.W., S.W., Z.L., S.P.); Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China (L.S.); Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (X.G.); Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, China (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital,
| | - Shengnan Wang
- From the Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (K.H., Z.J., L.S., Y.W., S.W., Z.L., S.P.); Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China (L.S.); Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (X.G.); Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, China (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital,
| | - Zhenzhou Lin
- From the Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (K.H., Z.J., L.S., Y.W., S.W., Z.L., S.P.); Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China (L.S.); Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (X.G.); Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, China (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital,
| | - Suyue Pan
- From the Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (K.H., Z.J., L.S., Y.W., S.W., Z.L., S.P.); Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China (L.S.); Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (X.G.); Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, China (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital,
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17
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Tao C, Zhang R, Hu X, Song L, Wang C, Gao F, You C. A Novel Brainstem Hemorrhage Model by Autologous Blood Infusion in Rat: White Matter Injury, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Neurobehavioral Features. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2016; 25:1102-1109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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18
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Zhang RZ, Tao CY, Chen W, Wang CH, Hu Y, Song L, Zhang B, Chen YS, Xu ZQ, Wang L, Feng H, Wang TH, Zheng J, You C, Gao FB. Dynamic Diffusion Tensor Imaging Reveals Structural Changes in the Bilateral Pyramidal Tracts after Brain Stem Hemorrhage in Rats. Front Neuroanat 2016; 10:33. [PMID: 27065816 PMCID: PMC4811861 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2016.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Few studies have concentrated on pyramidal tract (PY) changes after brain stem hemorrhage (BSH). In this study, we used a diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) technique and histologic identification to investigate longitudinal PY changes on both the contralateral and ipsilateral sides after experimental BSH. METHODS BSH was induced in 61 Sprague-Dawley rats by infusing 30 μl of autogenous tail blood into each rat's right pons. DTI and motor function examinations were performed repeatedly on days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 after surgery. Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity were measured in the bilateral PYs. The axon and myelin injury in the PY were evaluated by histologic study. RESULTS As compared with normal controls, the bilateral PYs in rats with induced BSH showed an early decrease and a late increase in FA and an early increase and a late decrease in MD. A progressive decrease in axial diffusivity with dramatic axon loss from day 1 to day 28 after BSH was found bilaterally. The bilateral PYs showed an early increase and a late decrease in radial diffusivity. Early myelin injury and late repair were also detected pathologically in the bilateral PYs of rats with BSH. Thus, the early motor function deficits of rats with BSH began to improve on day 14 and had almost completely disappeared by day 28. CONCLUSIONS DTI revealed dynamic changes in the bilateral PYs after BSH, which was confirmed by histologic findings and which correlated with motor function alteration. These findings support the idea that quantitative DTI can track structural changes in the bilateral PYs and that DTI may serve as a noninvasive tool to predict the prognoses of patients with BSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan-Yuan Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu, China
| | - Chun-Hua Wang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Institute of Neurological Disease, Translation Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu, China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Shu Chen
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu, China
| | - Zi-Qian Xu
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Ting-Hua Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Institute of Neurological Disease, Translation Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chao You
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu, China
| | - Fa-Bao Gao
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu, China
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