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Skinner S, Verhoeff K, Purich K, Dhaliwal R, Strickland M, Perry T. Canadian Pediatric Surgeon Workforce: Characterization of Training, Trends Over Time, and 10-year Model for Pediatric Surgery Need. J Pediatr Surg 2023:S0022-3468(23)00164-1. [PMID: 36934002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2023.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graduate and fellowship training trends for Canadian pediatric surgeons remain uncharacterized. Similarly, updated workforce planning for pediatric surgeons is required. We aimed to characterize graduate degree and fellowship trends for Canadian pediatric surgeons, with modelling to inform workforce planning. METHODS We performed a cross sectional observational study evaluating Canadian pediatric surgeons in January 2022. Surgeon demographics collected included year of medical degree (MD) conferment, MD location, fellowship location, and graduate degree achievement. Our primary outcome was to evaluate training characteristics over time. Secondary outcomes evaluated surgeon supply and demand from 2021 to 2031. Supply was extrapolated from current Canadian pediatric surgery fellows assuming static fellowship matriculation, while retirement was estimated using a 31-, 36-, or 41-year career following MD conferral. RESULTS Of included surgeons (n = 77), 64 (83%) completed fellowship training in Canada and 46 (60%) have graduate degrees. No surgeons graduating ≤1980 hold graduate degrees, compared to 8 (100%) surgeons with MD ≥ 2011 (p < 0.001). Similarly, more surgeons with MD ≥ 2011 appear to have a Canadian MD (n = 7, 87.5%) and Canadian fellowship (n = 8, 100%). Modelling predicts that 19-49 (25%-64%) surgeons will retire between 2021 and 2031, while 37 fellows will graduate with intention to work in Canada, creating between a 12 surgeon deficit up to an 18 surgeon surplus depending on career length. CONCLUSIONS Trends in graduate degree achievement and fellowship location suggest increasing competition for Canadian pediatric surgery positions. Additionally, a substantial number of Canadian-trained fellows will need positions outside of Canada in the next decade. Overall, results support previous work demonstrating saturation of the Canadian pediatric workforce. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV. ACGME COMPETENCY ADDRESSED Medical Knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Verhoeff
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Kieran Purich
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Matt Strickland
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Troy Perry
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Elmorsi R, Asaad M, Badawi O, Mahapure KS, Selber J, Clemens MW, Chu CK, Offodile AC, Butler CE. Master's Degrees Among Academic Plastic Surgeons and Plastic Surgery Residents: What Are the Trends? Ann Plast Surg 2022; 89:478-486. [PMID: 36279571 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000003295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As more plastic surgery clinicians pursue advanced degrees and strive to become stronger physician-scientists, an objective understanding of how such degrees influence careers becomes important. We hypothesized that having a master's degree is associated with higher scholarly activity, research funding, academic progression, and leadership appointments. METHODS Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited integrated plastic surgery residency program Web sites were queried to create a data set of current academic plastic surgeons (APSs) and plastic surgery residents (PSRs). Scholarly metrics such as publications, citations, and H-indices were extracted from the Scopus database. National Institutes of Health and Plastic Surgery Foundation funding information was collected through their respective Web sites. RESULTS Our cohort comprised 799 APSs and 922 PSRs, of whom 8% and 7.4%, respectively, had at least one master's degree. Academic plastic surgeons with master's of public health degrees had a significantly higher median number of publications and citations than APSs without a master's of public health. There was no association between any master's degree and academic rank or being a department chairman or program director. Academic plastic surgeons with master of science degrees were more likely to receive National Institutes of Health grants. Among PSRs, master's of science graduates had a higher median number of publications. Other master's degrees did not significantly influence scholarly productivity or funding. CONCLUSIONS Certain master's degrees had an impact on scholarly productivity, with no significant effect on academic rank or leadership positions. The value of master's degrees in programs focusing on healthcare management, leadership skills, and business acumen likely extends beyond the scope of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Elmorsi
- From the Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Dakahlia, Egypt
| | - Malke Asaad
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Omar Badawi
- From the Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Dakahlia, Egypt
| | - Kiran S Mahapure
- Department of Plastic Surgery, KAHER J. N. Medical College, Belgaum, India
| | - Jesse Selber
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Mark W Clemens
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Carrie K Chu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Anaeze C Offodile
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Charles E Butler
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Laupland KB, Edwards F, Dhanani J. Determinants of research productivity during postgraduate medical education: a structured review. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 21:567. [PMID: 34753470 PMCID: PMC8579624 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-03010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although formal participation in research is an integral and often mandatory component of clinical training programs, resulting productivity is highly variable. The objective of this review was to identify determinants of successful research performance among graduate medical education trainees. METHODS A structured review of the published literature was performed by searching PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBASE from inception through to 7 April, 2021. Articles examining graduate medical education trainee research productivity evidenced by publications in peer-reviewed journals were included. RESULTS Eighty-five articles were included of which most (66; 78%) were reported from the USA or Canada (10; 12%). A wide range of disciplines were represented with the most common being general surgery, internal medicine, orthopedic surgery, and pediatrics. Themes (number of reports) included trainee characteristics (n = 24), project characteristics (n = 8), mentoring/supervision (n = 11), and programmatic aspects (n = 57). Although variable results were observed, research productivity tended to be higher with prior research experience, later years of training, male gender, and pursuit of a postgraduate degree. Few project related aspects of success were identified. Trainee publication was associated with mentors with higher rank, publication productivity, and supportive academic environments. Training programs with organised programs/curricula including protection of time for research were associated with increased productivity as were provision of incentives or rewards but not mandatory requirements. CONCLUSION This review identifies several trainee characteristics, project and mentor aspects, and programmatic aspects associated with increased productivity that may serve as a useful resource for trainees and graduate medical education training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B Laupland
- Department of Intensive Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Level 3 Ned Hanlon Building, Butterfield Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4029, Australia.
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Felicity Edwards
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jayesh Dhanani
- Department of Intensive Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Level 3 Ned Hanlon Building, Butterfield Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4029, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Kane WJ, Berry PS, Denton AH, Schroen AT. Attainment of an Additional Graduate Degree Is Associated With Sustained Scholarly Activity Beyond Surgical Residency. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2021; 78:1189-1196. [PMID: 33349567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether attainment of an additional graduate-level degree during general surgery residency, such as an MSc, MPH, MBA, or PhD, is associated with increased research productivity beyond completion of training. DESIGN Observational cohort study comparing publication productivity of general surgery residency graduates who did and did not obtain a degree. PubMed queries and the Web of Science Core Collection were used to capture publication metrics. Graduate characteristics, including degree attainment, were obtained from an institutional database. Practice webpages were reviewed to designate an academic surgical practice, defined as an assistant, associate, or full professorship appointment. SETTING Single academic general surgery residency program. PARTICIPANTS Categorical general surgery residency graduates who performed at least 1 year of dedicated research. RESULTS 1768 total publications, representing 1500 unique publications, were authored by 54 residents, of which 18 (33.3%) residents attained an additional graduate-level degree during dedicated research. 1369 (91.3%) publications had identifiable Journal Impact Factors and citation data. Degree attainers were more likely to be female (55.6% vs. 25.0%, p = 0.03) and spend more time in dedicated research (mean 2.2 vs. 1.8 years, p = 0.02). Overall, degree attainers published more frequently during residency (median 4.4 vs. 2.1 publications/year, p < 0.001) and fellowship (median 2.0 vs. 1.0 publications/year, p = 0.046). Analysis of the first 4 post-training years demonstrated degree attainers produced 1.2 more publications per year among all graduates (2.3 vs. 1.1 publications/year, p = 0.02) and 1.6 more publications per year among graduates practicing academic surgery (3.3 vs. 1.7 publications/year, p = 0.02). There were no differences in the Journal Impact Factor or publication citations per year among degree and nondegree attaining graduates. CONCLUSIONS Attainment of an additional graduate-level degree was associated with increased research productivity that was sustained beyond surgical residency. Programs with the goal of training academic surgeons should support professional degrees during dedicated research years.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Kane
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Puja S Berry
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Andrea H Denton
- Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Anneke T Schroen
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia.
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Mutsaers A, Jia S, Warner A, Nguyen TK, Laba JM, Palma DA. Research Productivity of Canadian Radiation Oncology Residents: A Time-Trend Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 28:4-12. [PMID: 33704112 PMCID: PMC7816183 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Research productivity is a mandatory component of Canadian radiation oncology (RO) resident training. To our knowledge, Canadian RO resident research publication productivity has not previously been analysed. (2) Methods: We compiled a 12-year database of RO residents in Canadian training programs who completed residency between June 2005 and June 2016. Resident names and dates of training were abstracted from provincial databases and department websites and were used to abstract data from PubMed, including training program, publication year, journal, type of research, topic and authorship position. Residents were divided into four time periods and the linear trend test evaluated publication rates over time. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify authorship predictors. (3) Results: 227 RO residents representing 363 publications were identified. The majority were first-author publications (56%) and original research (77%). Overall, 82% of first-author, and 80% of any-author articles were published in resident year 4 or higher. Mean number of publications for first-author and any-author positions increased significantly over time (p = 0.016 and p = 0.039, respectively). After adjusting for gender and time period, large institutions (> 3 residents per year) trended toward associations with more first-author publications (odds ratio (OR): 2.44; p = 0.066) and more any-author publications (OR: 2.49; p = 0.052). No significant differences were observed by gender. (4) Conclusions: Canadian RO resident publication productivity nearly doubled over a 12-year period. The majority of publications are released in the last 2 years of residency, and larger residency programs may be associated with more publications. These findings serve as a baseline as programs transition to Competency Based Medical Education (CBME).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Mutsaers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (A.M.); (A.W.); (T.K.N.); (J.M.L.)
| | - Sangyang Jia
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada;
| | - Andrew Warner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (A.M.); (A.W.); (T.K.N.); (J.M.L.)
| | - Timothy K. Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (A.M.); (A.W.); (T.K.N.); (J.M.L.)
| | - Joanna M. Laba
- Department of Radiation Oncology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (A.M.); (A.W.); (T.K.N.); (J.M.L.)
| | - David A. Palma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (A.M.); (A.W.); (T.K.N.); (J.M.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +519-685-8500 (ext. 52833)
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Isom CA, Bisgaard EK, Campbell KM, Courtney C, Erickson C, Faber DA, Gauger PG, Greenberg JA, Kassam AF, Mullen JT, Phares A, Quillin RC, Salcedo ES, Schaffer AJ, Scaria D, Stahl CC, Wise PE, Kauffmann RM, Chen X, Smith JJ, Terhune KP. Does Intentional Support of Degree Programs in General Surgery Residency Affect Research Productivity or Pursuit of Academic Surgery? A Multi-Institutional Study. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2020; 77:e34-e38. [PMID: 32843316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether pursuit of an advanced degree during dedicated research time (DRT) in a general surgery residency training program impacts a resident's research productivity. DESIGN A retrospective, multi-institutional cohort study. SETTING General surgery residency programs that were approved to graduate more than 5 categorical residents per year and that offered at least 1 year of DRT were contacted for participation in the study. A total of 10 general surgery residency programs agreed to participate in the study. PARTICIPANTS Residents who started their residency between 2000 and 2012 and spent at least one full year in DRT (n = 511) were included. Those who completed an advanced degree were compared on the following parameters to those who did not complete one: total number of papers, first-author papers, the Journal Citation Reports impact factors of publication (2018, or most recent), and first position after residency or fellowship training. RESULTS During DRT, 87 (17%) residents obtained an advanced degree. The most common degree obtained was a Master of Public Health (MPH, n = 42 (48.8%)). Residents who did not obtain an advanced degree during DRT published fewer papers (median 8, [interquartile range 4-12]) than those who obtained a degree (9, [6-17]) (p = 0.002). They also published fewer first author papers (3, [2-6]) vs (5, [2-9]) (p = 0.002) than those who obtained a degree. Resident impact factor (RIF) was calculated using Journal Citation Reports impact factor and author position. Those who did not earn an advanced degree had a lower RIF (adjusted RIF, 84 ± 4 vs 134 ± 5, p < 0.001) compared to those who did. There was no association between obtaining a degree and pursuit of academic surgery (p = 0.13) CONCLUSIONS: Pursuit of an advanced degree during DRT is associated with increased research productivity but is not associated with pursuit of an academic career.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea A Isom
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | | | | | - David A Faber
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Denny Scaria
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of General Surgery
| | | | - Paul E Wise
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery
| | | | - Xi Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School or Medicine; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
| | - J Joshua Smith
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Surgery
| | - Kyla P Terhune
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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Resident satisfaction regarding surgical training programme in Eastern Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SURGERY OPEN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijso.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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