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Kılıç D, Armstrong HL, Graham CA. (Dis)Similarities in Attitudes Between Partners About Women's Solo Masturbation: A Dyadic Approach to Solo Masturbation and Its Associations with Sexual Satisfaction. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38935022 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2024.2370943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Attitudes among couples about women's solo masturbation are not well understood. The primary aim of this study was to assess (dis)similarities in attitudes between partners about women's solo masturbation and associations of each partner's attitudes with women's and their partners' sexual satisfaction. One hundred and four mixed-sex couples (M = 27.43 years), recruited through social networking websites and Prolific (an online research participant platform), completed an online survey about demographics, their experiences of solo masturbation, and validated measures of attitudes about women's masturbation and sexual satisfaction. Dyadic data were analyzed using correlational methods and the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model. Women and their partners reported similar and positive attitudes about women's solo masturbation. For women, reports of positive attitudes toward women's solo masturbation were associated with both their own and their partner's sexual satisfaction; there were no associations for men. The role of solo masturbation within romantic relationships is complex but our results support the idea that women's masturbation is now less stigmatized than commonly thought. Normalizing and including masturbation in the sexual script for individuals in relationships may help maximize their, and their partners,' sexual satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilan Kılıç
- Department of Psychology, University of Southampton
| | | | - Cynthia A Graham
- Department of Psychology, University of Southampton
- Department of Gender Studies, The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University
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Soares RF, Leites GT, de Araujo TG, Pedreti GP, Cerentini TM, da Rosa PV. Masturbation, sexual function, and genital self-image of undergraduate women: a cross-sectional study. J Sex Med 2024; 21:211-216. [PMID: 38258991 DOI: 10.1093/jsxmed/qdad173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between factors related to masturbation, sexual function, and genital self-image among women has not been fully explored in the literature. AIM The study sought to investigate the association between masturbation frequency, feelings, and behaviors with sexual function and genital self-image in young women. METHODS A cross-sectional survey among 110 undergraduate female students was conducted. Online self-administered questionnaires to assess sociodemographic characteristics, masturbatory frequency, feelings, and behavior were completed. Participants also answered the Brazilian version of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and the Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS). OUTCOMES The outcome includes masturbation frequency and behaviors associated, as well as scores on the FSFI and FGSIS. RESULTS Women showed higher scores in FSFI subdomains when masturbation was considered important for them, along with reported feelings of empowerment and satisfaction during this activity. However, those who experienced negative emotions during masturbation, such as shame or guilt, demonstrated a significant association with lower scores in both FSFI and FGSIS. Masturbation frequency was found to correlate with better sexual function specifically in the desire domain among women who engaged in daily masturbation. Additionally, an association was observed between higher scores in the FGSIS and increased scores in the domains of satisfaction, arousal, and orgasm within the FSFI. There was an association in the domain's satisfaction, arousal, and orgasm of the FSFI with greater scores in FGSIS. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The clinical implications encompass the augmentation of understanding pertaining to female sexual function. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS The study provides valuable insights into the sexual behavior of undergraduate female students, and its methodology improves openness in responses, as it provides anonymity given the sensitive nature of the topic studied. Study limitations include the unsuitability of the FSFI questionnaire for sexually inactive women in the past 4 weeks; the participation bias and reporting bias in sexuality searches; and the unknown validity of the investigator-derived questionnaire about masturbation, as it has not been previously validated. CONCLUSION Masturbation frequency has minimal to no impact on female sexual function, whereas harboring positive feelings toward it and maintaining a positive genital self-image may exert a positive influence on sexual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Fernandes Soares
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Tomedi Leites
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Gomes de Araujo
- Service of Care Integrate the Sexual Health, Hospital Materno Infantil Presidente Vargas, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Prefeitura de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 900350-076, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Paludo Pedreti
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Taís Marques Cerentini
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Patricia Viana da Rosa
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Brazil
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Cervilla O, Álvarez-Muelas A, Sierra JC. Relationship between Solitary Masturbation and Sexual Satisfaction: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:235. [PMID: 38255122 PMCID: PMC10815145 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Masturbation is a healthy sexual behavior associated with different sexual functioning dimensions, which highlights sexual satisfaction as an important manifestation of sexual wellbeing. This review aims to systematically examine studies that have associated masturbation with sexual satisfaction, both in individuals with and without a partner. Following the PRISMA statement, searches were made in the APA PsycInfo, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The search yielded 851 records, and twenty-two articles that examined the relation between solitary masturbation and sexual satisfaction were selected. In men, a negative relation between masturbation and sexual satisfaction was observed in 71.4% of the studies, 21.4% found no such relation, and 7.2% observed a positive association. In women, 40% reported no relation, 33.3% a negative relation, and 26.7% a positive one. The negative association between solitary masturbation and sexual satisfaction is consistent with the previously proposed compensatory role of masturbation, especially for men. In women, compared to men, the complementary role of masturbation in relation to sexual relationships is observed to a greater extent and is associated more closely with sexual health. The importance of including different parameters beyond the masturbation frequency in future studies to explore its relation with sexual satisfaction is emphasized. This systematic review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023416688).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan Carlos Sierra
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (O.C.); (A.Á.-M.)
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Kılıç D, Armstrong HL, Graham CA. The Role of Mutual Masturbation within Relationships: Associations with Sexual Satisfaction and Sexual Self-Esteem. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH 2023; 35:495-514. [PMID: 38596452 PMCID: PMC10903564 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2023.2237950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Objectives We explored mutual masturbation among women and men and investigated associations with sexual satisfaction and sexual self-esteem. Methods 117 women and 151 men (Mage = 29.7 years), mostly heterosexual, all in current relationships, completed an online survey covering experiences of solo and partnered sexual activities, feelings about mutual masturbation, sexual self-esteem, and sexual satisfaction. Results Mutual masturbation was common among both genders. Men reported significantly higher positive feelings about mutual masturbation than women. Recent mutual masturbation was positively associated with sexual satisfaction but not with sexual self-esteem. Conclusions These findings have implications for sex and couple therapy and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilan Kılıç
- Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Cynthia A. Graham
- Department of Gender Studies and The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Weitkamp K, Wehrli FSV. Women's Experiences of Different Types of Orgasms-A Call for Pleasure Literacy? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH 2023; 35:193-208. [PMID: 38595859 PMCID: PMC10903554 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2023.2182861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Background There is an ongoing controversy about women's sexuality and the existence of different orgasms. The debate is tilted toward anatomical and physiological evidence, which often leaves subjective experiences out of the picture. The aim of the current mixed-methods study was to capture women's accounts of their experiences of orgasmic states. Methods As part of a larger online survey, 513 women (M = 25.89 years, SD = 5.60) from a community sample filled in open-ended questions on their experience of different kinds of orgasms. Additionally, women rated semantic differentials with bipolar adjectives characterizing vaginal and clitoral orgasms. A sub-sample of n = 257 women (50%) had experienced both, vaginal and clitoral orgasms and rated both separately on the semantic differential. Results Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed significant differences in that clitoral orgasms were, amongst others, rated as sharper, easier, and more controllable, while vaginal orgasms were rated as wilder, deeper, more pulsating, and extending. In open-ended questions, women talked about various other orgasmic experiences, such as mixed clitoral/vaginal orgasms, whole body, cervical, anal, or mental orgasms. Some women were uncertain about their orgasmic experiences. Conclusion It is time to integrate anatomical, psychophysiological, and experiential data and conclude that either "all clitoral" or "clitoral and vaginal" falls short to do justice to the complexity of women's orgasms. Understanding and defining these various types of orgasms and allowing for the apparent diversity to have its place in research and in social discourse is a task for future research and pleasure-positive sex education to increase pleasure literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Weitkamp
- Clinical Psychology for Children/Adolescents and Couples/Families, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Seline Verena Wehrli
- Clinical Psychology for Children/Adolescents and Couples/Families, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Rowland DL, Attinger DR, Morrow AL, Motofei I, Hevesi K. Characteristics of men who report symptoms of delayed ejaculation: providing support for empirically derived diagnostic criteria. J Sex Med 2023; 20:426-438. [PMID: 36781403 DOI: 10.1093/jsxmed/qdad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known regarding the demographic, sexual, and relationship characteristics of men with symptoms of delayed ejaculation (DE). AIM To identify differences between men with and without DE symptomology to validate face-valid diagnostic criteria and to identify various functional correlates of DE. METHODS A total of 2679 men meeting inclusion criteria were partitioned into groups with and without DE symptomology on the basis of their self-reported "difficulty reaching ejaculation/orgasm during partnered sex." Men were then compared on a broad array of demographic and relationship variables, as well as sexual response variables assessed during partnered sex and masturbation. OUTCOMES Outcomes included the identified differences between men with and without DE symptomology. RESULTS Men with DE-whether having comorbid erectile dysfunction or not-differed from men without DE on 5 face-valid variables related to previously proposed diagnostic criteria for DE, including ones related to ejaculation latency (P < .001); self-efficacy related to reaching ejaculation, as assessed by the percentage of episodes reaching ejaculation during partnered sex (P < .001); and negative consequences of the impairment, including "bother/distress" and (lack of) "orgasmic pleasure/sexual satisfaction" (P < .001). All such differences were associated with medium to large effect sizes. In addition, men showed differences on a number of functional correlates of DE, including anxiety, relationship satisfaction, frequency of partnered sex and masturbation, and level of symptomology during partnered sex vs masturbation (P < .001). CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Face-valid criteria for the diagnosis of DE were statistically verified, and functional correlates of DE relevant to guiding and focusing treatment were identified. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS In this first comprehensive analysis of its kind, we have demonstrated widespread differences on sexual and relationship variables relevant to the diagnosis of DE and to its functional correlates between men with and without DE symptomology during partnered sex. Limitations include participant recruitment through social media, which likely biased the sample; the use of estimated rather than clocked ejaculation latencies; and the fact that differences between men with acquired and lifelong DE were not investigated. CONCLUSION This well-powered multinational study provides strong empirical support for several face-valid measures for the diagnosis of DE, with a number of explanatory and control covariates that may help shed light on the lived experiences of men with DE and suggest focus areas for treatment. Whether or not the DE men had comorbid erectile dysfunction had little impact on the differences with men having normal ejaculatory functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Rowland
- Department of Psychology, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, IN 46383, United States
| | - Drew R Attinger
- Department of Psychology, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, IN 46383, United States
| | - Abigail L Morrow
- Department of Psychology, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, IN 46383, United States
| | - Ion Motofei
- Department of Psychiatry, Carol Davila University, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Krisztina Hevesi
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, H-1053 Budapest, Hungary
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Li G, Yu P, Zhang F, Xu Y, Zhou G, Zhan X, Gao Y, Du X, Liu H, He R. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic-related quarantine on female sexual behavior: a cross-sectional study in China. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19421. [PMID: 36371533 PMCID: PMC9653494 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23974-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the impact and factors of home quarantine life on women's sexual lives and behaviors in different areas of China and analyze the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) during the COVID-19 pandemic. We surveyed adult women who had a regular sexual life (including regular masturbation) and had been isolated at home for at least one month during the COVID-19 outbreak using online questionnaires. This survey recovered 678 complete questionnaires after screening. According to the findings, the overall score of the Female Sexual Function Inventory (FSFI) during the pandemic was 21.98 ± 6.38, the frequency of FSD was 61.9%, and the frequencies of FSD in Shanghai, Nanjing, and Ningxia were 60.6%, 75.2%, and 52.2%, respectively. The frequency of FSFI scores and other specific items (Desire, Arousal, Lubrication, Orgasm, Satisfaction, and Pain) varied significantly across the three regions (P < 0.05). The overall frequency of FSD in the masturbation population was 34.4%, which was lower than the frequency of FSD in women having paired sexual intercourse (60.1%) (p < 0.05). Further analysis revealed that the occurrence of FSD during the pandemic was related to different age stages, menopause, mode of delivery, level of anxiety and depression, and sexual lifestyles. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a great impact on people's spiritual and sexual lives, which are caused by multiple different variables related to both the individual and the environment. We should emphasize the importance of sexual health in epidemics, and having a harmonious and stable sex life will help us survive the boring life of isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyong Li
- grid.412194.b0000 0004 1761 9803The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750000 China
| | - Puguang Yu
- grid.412194.b0000 0004 1761 9803The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750000 China
| | - Fen Zhang
- grid.412194.b0000 0004 1761 9803The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750000 China
| | - Yanlong Xu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201500 China
| | - Gaiyan Zhou
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuekang Zhan
- grid.412194.b0000 0004 1761 9803The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750000 China
| | - Yu Gao
- grid.412194.b0000 0004 1761 9803The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750000 China
| | - Xiaoli Du
- grid.412194.b0000 0004 1761 9803The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750000 China
| | - Hetao Liu
- grid.412194.b0000 0004 1761 9803Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Rui He
- grid.412194.b0000 0004 1761 9803Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China
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Csako RI, Rowland DL, Hevesi K, Vitalis E, Balalla S. Female Sexuality in Aotearoa/New Zealand: Factors and Sexual Response Associated with Masturbation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH 2022; 34:521-539. [PMID: 38596385 PMCID: PMC10903691 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2022.2099499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Sexual health includes the state of physical, emotional, mental, and social well-being related to sexuality. Masturbation is an important sexual activity with many potential benefits which has gained considerable interest in sexuality research in the past twenty years; however, this research is the first of its kind within the Aotearoa/New Zealand context. In this in-depth investigation, we examined frequencies of, reasons for, and activities during masturbation as well as the relationship between masturbation and other factors. Methods Participants were 698 New Zealand women at least 18 years of age participating in a 42-item anonymous online survey collecting comprehensive information about sexual practices and related factors. Results The results indicated that female masturbation has high prevalence in the New Zealand population. Conclusion The pattern of results enabled us to identify the positive effects of masturbation, masturbation practices commonly used by New Zealand women and the differences between New Zealand women who masturbate frequently and less frequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita I. Csako
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David L. Rowland
- Department of Psychology, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, IN, USA
| | - Kriszta Hevesi
- Department of Education and Psychology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Emese Vitalis
- Illinois School of Professional Psychology, National Louis University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shivanthi Balalla
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between masturbation frequency and sexual dysfunction among men and women, focusing on individuals with and without regular sexual partners, and to determine whether sexual compatibility (e.g., similar sexual desire levels and a match between desired behaviors and behaviors one’s partner is willing to engage in) in the relationship affects masturbation frequency. Here, 12,271 Finnish men and women completed an online survey about masturbation frequency, sexual function, and sexual compatibility with their partner for those who were in a relationship. The results indicated that masturbation frequency was positively associated with overall sexual function for women. This was moderated by relationship status, meaning that more frequent masturbation was associated with better orgasmic function and sexual satisfaction in single women, whereas the opposite was true for women who were in a relationship. For men, more frequent masturbation was associated with better erectile function for single men, and better ejaculatory latency but worse orgasmic function, intercourse satisfaction, and more symptoms of delayed ejaculation for men who were in a relationship. Lower sexual compatibility and sexual dysfunctions in the partner were associated with more frequent masturbation in both sexes. The associations between masturbation frequency and sexual function vary for single and partnered individuals, and are, for the latter group, further affected by sexual compatibility.
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Cervilla O, Sierra JC. Masturbation parameters related to orgasm satisfaction in sexual relationships: Differences between men and women. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:903361. [PMID: 35935426 PMCID: PMC9352849 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.903361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Masturbation is a behavior that can enhance sexual functioning. This study aims to analyze differences between men and women in different masturbation parameters, and to examine their relation with orgasm satisfaction in sexual relationships. METHOD One thousand three hundred and thirty-fifth men and women from the Spanish population aged 18-83 years (M = 36.91; SD = 11.86) participated in an online survey. A questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic. Sexual history data, negative attitude toward masturbation, solitary sexual desire and orgasm subjective experience upon masturbation were assessed. Given the differences between men and women, independent regression models are proposed to explain orgasm satisfaction in the sexual relationships context. FINDINGS Men, compared to women, masturbated at a younger age (p < 0.001), and reported higher current masturbation frequency (p < 0.001) and more solitary sexual desire (p < 0.001). Women reported greater intensity in the subjective orgasm experience on its Affective (p < 0.001), Sensory (p < 0.001) and Intimacy (p < 0.001) dimensions. Regarding regression models, the Affective dimension of orgasm was a common parameter in men (β = 0.36; p < 0.001) and women (β = 0.24) to explain orgasm satisfaction during sexual relationships. In men, solitary masturbation frequency (β = -0.10; p = 0.027) acquired a significant role. In women, the model also included age (β = 0.09; p = 0.038), negative attitude toward masturbation (β = -0.12; p = 0.005) and solitary sexual desire (β = -0.19; p = 0.001). CONCLUSION When dealing with men and women's orgasm difficulties in the sexual relationships context, it is important to consider the role of masturbation. In men and women, the Affective dimension of the orgasm experience explain the orgasm satisfaction in sexual relationship. Also, in men, the solitary masturbation frequency is negatively related with orgasm satisfaction in sexual relationship, supporting the compensatory hypothesis of masturbation. In women, in addition to the Affective dimension, the orgasm satisfaction in sexual relationship is explained, negatively, by the negative attitude toward masturbation, and positively, by the solitary sexual desire, which could be associated with more sexual self-knowledge. The relevance of masturbation in understanding sexual functioning is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Cervilla
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Sierra
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Cerwenka S, Dekker A, Pietras L, Briken P. Single and Multiple Orgasm Experience Among Women in Heterosexual Partnerships. Results of the German Health and Sexuality Survey (GeSiD). J Sex Med 2021; 18:2028-2038. [PMID: 34702686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orgasm occurrence plays an important role in general sexual satisfaction for women. Until now, only few studies have focused on examining a broad spectrum of sexuality- and relationship-specific factors associated with orgasm in heterosexual women currently in a long-term relationship or on differences between the overall experience of orgasm and multiple orgasms. AIM The present study aims to understand how various sexuality- and relationship-associated factors are related to experiencing partnered orgasm among heterosexual women having stable relationships in Germany. Moreover, the study aims to differentiate between the overall experience of orgasm and the experience of multiple orgasms and shed light on their impact on general sexual satisfaction. METHODS Within the nationwide representative survey GeSiD (German Health and Sexuality Survey), n = 1,641 sexually active women aged between 18 and 75 years in heterosexual relationships reported their experience of orgasm during the latest sexual encounter. Data on the type of sexual practices, frequency of sexual activity and of masturbation, relationship satisfaction, feelings of love, closeness, and general sexual satisfaction were analyzed. OUTCOMES The overall experience of orgasm, the experience of multiple orgasms, and associations between experiencing orgasm and sexual satisfaction. RESULTS Frequency of sexual activity, relationship satisfaction, feelings of love and closeness were moderately to strongly positively correlated with each other and each showed positive associations with the likelihood of orgasm. Greater number of sexual practices and frequency of sexual activity were associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing multiple orgasms, which in turn was correlated with higher sexual satisfaction. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS In clinical and therapeutic work with women who have difficulty achieving orgasm, central issues should be the perceived relationship quality as well as regular sexual activity with the partner. STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS The present population-representative study is the first in Germany to identify significant factors associated with the experience of orgasm among heterosexual women in relationships. Further studies ought to include the frequency of orgasms in partnered sex over a longer period of time as well as the experience of orgasm during masturbation. CONCLUSION The experience of orgasm for women is related to a variety of complex interpersonal mechanisms and to be associated with sexual satisfaction. Cerwenka S, Dekker A, Pietras L, et al. Single and Multiple Orgasm Experience Among Women in Heterosexual Partnerships. Results of the German Health and Sexuality Survey (GeSiD). J Sex Med 2021;XX:XXX-XXX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Cerwenka
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Arne Dekker
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura Pietras
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peer Briken
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Rowland DL, Hamilton BD, Bacys KR, Hevesi K. Sexual Response Differs during Partnered Sex and Masturbation in Men With and Without Sexual Dysfunction: Implications for Treatment. J Sex Med 2021; 18:1835-1842. [PMID: 37057484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear whether men who experience sexual difficulty during partnered sex experience similar difficulty during masturbation. AIM To determine whether sexual functionality and dysfunctionality were similar or different during masturbation vs partnered sex. METHODS We compared sexual responsivity during masturbation vs partnered sex in a multinational sample of 4,209 men with and without a sexual dysfunction to determine whether dysfunctionality was greater, less, or about the same during these 2 types of sexual activity. OUTCOMES Consistently lower impairment of sexual function was found during masturbation compared with partnered sex for all 3 sexual problems assessed: erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, and delayed ejaculation. CLINICAL TRANSLATION These findings reiterate the potential value of assessing sexual responsivity during masturbation as well as melding masturbation strategies with couples therapy in order to attenuate impaired response during partnered sex. STRENGTH & LIMITATIONS Although this study provides the first empirical evidence based on a large multinational sample indicating that sexual functionality is consistently higher during masturbation than partnered sex, it does not provide an empirically-derived explanation for this difference. CONCLUSION Understanding a man's response potential during masturbation may be important to improving sexual response during partnered sex, with the need for more targeted research that more directly evaluates the use of such strategies in the treatment of men's sexual problems. Rowland DL, Hamilton BD, Bacys KR et al. Sexual Response Differs during Partnered Sex and Masturbation in Men With and Without Sexual Dysfunction: Implications for Treatment. J Sex Med 2021;18:1835-1842.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Rowland
- Department of Psychology, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, IN, USA.
| | | | - Katelyn R Bacys
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, IN, USA
| | - Krizstina Hevesi
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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13
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Hevesi K, Horvath Z, Sal D, Miklos E, Rowland DL. Faking Orgasm: Relationship to Orgasmic Problems and Relationship Type in Heterosexual Women. Sex Med 2021; 9:100419. [PMID: 34419691 PMCID: PMC8498965 DOI: 10.1016/j.esxm.2021.100419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although faking orgasm among women appears quite common, the roles of orgasmic problems and relationship type in partnered sex and masturbation have not been fully explored. Aim We assessed the relationship between orgasmic problems (separately in partnered sex and masturbation) and faking orgasm across various types of relationships while also considering the role of demographic and sexual function related covariates. Methods In this study of 1,168 Hungarian women, we assessed orgasmic problems, sexual functioning, and the prevalence and frequency of faking orgasm in 3 relationship types: romantic relationships, one-night stands, and continuing sexual relationships of more than one night. Main Outcome Measure Differences in faking orgasm across 3 types of relationships; the association between faking orgasm in 1 type of relationship with faking orgasm in other types of relationships; and the relationship of “orgasmic problems” in partnered sex and masturbation to the presence and frequency of faking orgasm in various relationship types. Results A subset of women who faked orgasm in 1 relationship type were more likely to fake orgasm in other relationship types. Orgasmic problems predicted the occurrence and frequency of faking orgasm in all 3 relationship types, though to different degrees. Other factors, including orgasmic difficulty during masturbation, the frequencies of masturbation and partnered sex, and the self-rated importance of sex were also related to the frequency of faking orgasm. Conclusion Our findings suggest that faking orgasm has both dispositional and situational elements. “Orgasmic problems” in partnered sex was a consistent and robust predictor of the occurrence and frequency of faking orgasm in different relationship types. Hevesi K, Horvath Z, Sal D, et al. Faking Orgasm: Relationship to Orgasmic Problems and Relationship Type in Heterosexual Women. Sex Med 2021;9:100419.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Hevesi
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Horvath
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Dorottya Sal
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Miklos
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - David L Rowland
- Department of Psychology, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso IN USA
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14
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Zadeh Z, Bhutto Z, McNabney SM, Kneusel JA, Rowland DL. Cross-Cultural Analysis of Sexual Response and Relationship Satisfaction in Women With and Without Orgasmic Difficulty During Partnered Sex. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH 2021; 33:131-143. [PMID: 38596756 PMCID: PMC10929574 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2020.1864559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Objective To investigate how orgasmic difficulty may impact women's sexual/relationship quality depending upon their cultural origin. Method: We used a cross-sectional, multinational survey designed to assess orgasmic difficulty during partnered sex and other sexual/relationship factors in 88 Pakistani and 188 U.S. women. Results: Pakistani women reported less orgasmic difficulty than U.S. women, but those Pakistani women having orgasmic difficulty reported lower relationship satisfaction, less interest in sex, and greater difficulty becoming sexually aroused compared to U.S. respondents with orgasmic difficulty. Conclusions: The presence of orgasmic difficulty affected sexual and relationship factors more in Pakistani women than U.S. women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Zadeh
- Institute of Professional Psychology, Bahria University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zainab Bhutto
- Institute of Professional Psychology, Bahria University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sean M. McNabney
- Department of Psychology, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana, USA
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Julia A. Kneusel
- Department of Psychology, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana, USA
| | - David L. Rowland
- Department of Psychology, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana, USA
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15
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Cote-Leger P, Rowland DL. Global perspectives on the three criteria for premature ejaculation: An observational study of ejaculatory latency, ejaculatory control and bother/distress. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13796. [PMID: 32876352 DOI: 10.1111/and.13796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Criteria for premature ejaculation (PE) were established using Western-based samples, yet these criteria are applied worldwide for its diagnosis. This study (a) determined whether men from various world regions differ/agree on their views of ejaculation latency (ELT) and their perceptions of ejaculatory control and bother/distress, the three criteria for PE, and (b) compared PE and non-PE men across worldwide regions on these measures. 1,065 participants were recruited via social media to respond to a survey about men's typical, ideal and PE ELTs, about their own ELT, and about perceptions of ejaculatory control and bother/distress related to PE. Responses from men from four worldwide regions were compared to a reference group of North American/European men, and PE men were compared with non-PE men across three world regions. Results showed that most world region groups showed similarity in ELT estimations. The Sub-Saharan group focused more heavily on the importance of ejaculatory control. Both ELT and ejaculatory control differed between PE and non-PE groups in all regions assessed. In conclusion, perceived ELTs and ejaculatory control show substantial consistency across world regions despite geo-cultural variations and traditions. Such findings argue for the universality of the concepts of ELT, control and bother/distress related to PE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David L Rowland
- Department of Psychology, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, IN, USA
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16
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Horvath Z, Smith BH, Sal D, Hevesi K, Rowland DL. Body Image, Orgasmic Response, and Sexual Relationship Satisfaction: Understanding Relationships and Establishing Typologies Based on Body Image Satisfaction. Sex Med 2020; 8:740-751. [PMID: 32727690 PMCID: PMC7691887 DOI: 10.1016/j.esxm.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study explored the role of body image dissatisfaction on orgasmic response during partnered sex and masturbation and on sexual relationship satisfaction. The study also described typologies of women having different levels of body image satisfaction. Methods A sample of 257 Norwegian women responded to an online survey assessing body image dissatisfaction, problems with orgasm, and sexual relationship satisfaction. Using structural equation modeling and factor mixture modeling, the relationship between body image dissatisfaction and orgasmic response was assessed, and clusters of sexual response characteristics associated with varying levels of body image dissatisfaction were identified. Main Outcome Measure Orgasmic function during partnered sex and masturbation, along with sexual relationship satisfaction, were assessed as a function of body image. Results Body image dissatisfaction, along with a number of covariates, predicted higher levels of “problems with orgasm” during both partnered sex and masturbation, with no significant difference in the association depending on the type of sexual activity. Varying levels of body image dissatisfaction/satisfaction were associated with differences in orgasmic incidence, difficulty, and pleasure during partnered sex; with one orgasmic parameter during masturbation; and with sexual relationship satisfaction. Conclusion Body image dissatisfaction and likely concomitant psychological distress are related to impaired orgasmic response during both partnered sex and masturbation and may diminish sexual relationship satisfaction. Women with high body image dissatisfaction can be characterized by specific sexual response patterns. Horvath Z, Smith BH, Sal D, et al. Body Image, Orgasmic Response, and Sexual Relationship Satisfaction: Understanding Relationships and Establishing Typologies Based on Body Image Satisfaction. Sex Med 2020;8:740–751.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Horvath
- Department of Psychology and Education, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary; Doctoral School of Psychology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Betina Hodt Smith
- Department of Psychology and Education, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Sal
- Department of Psychology and Education, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Hevesi
- Department of Psychology and Education, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - David L Rowland
- Department of Psychology, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, IN, USA.
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17
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McNabney SM, Hevesi K, Rowland DL. Effects of Pornography Use and Demographic Parameters on Sexual Response during Masturbation and Partnered Sex in Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17093130. [PMID: 32365874 PMCID: PMC7246896 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The effect of pornography on sexual response is understudied, particularly among women. A multinational, community-based sample of 2433 women at least 18 years of age completed a 42-item, opt-in questionnaire collecting information on demographic and sexual history characteristics, use of pornography during masturbation, frequency of pornography use, and sexual response parameters. Pornography use and average frequency were compared across demographic variables. We also examined how pornography frequency predicted differences in self-reported arousal difficulty; orgasmic difficulty, latency, and pleasure; and the percent of sexual activities ending in orgasm during both masturbation and partnered sex. On average, women using pornography were younger, and reported more interest in sex. Pornography frequency differed significantly by menopausal status, sexual orientation, anxiety/depression status, number of sexual partners, and origin of data collection. During masturbation, more frequent pornography use predicted lower arousal difficulty and orgasmic difficulty, greater pleasure, and a higher percentage of masturbatory events leading to orgasm. Frequency of pornography use predicted only lower arousal difficulty and longer orgasmic latencies during partnered sex, having no effect on the other outcome variables. Pornography use frequency did not predict overall relationship satisfaction or sexual relationship satisfaction. Overall, more frequent pornography use was generally associated with more favorable sexual response outcomes during masturbation, while not affecting most partnered sex parameters. Several demographic and relationship covariates appear to more consistently and strongly predict orgasmic problems during partnered sexual activity than pornography use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. McNabney
- Department of Psychology, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, IN 46383, USA;
| | - Krisztina Hevesi
- Department of Psychology and Education, Eötvös Loránd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - David L. Rowland
- Department of Psychology, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, IN 46383, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-219-464-5446
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Kılıç Onar D, Armstrong H, Graham CA. What Does Research Tell Us About Women's Experiences, Motives and Perceptions of Masturbation Within a Relationship Context?: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2020; 46:683-716. [PMID: 32628093 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2020.1781722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review provides an overview of what qualitative research has revealed about partner-related factors around women's masturbation and explores how these factors relate to women's behavior, perceptions, and motives toward masturbation. Eleven studies were identified and secondary thematic analysis was used for synthesis. Women's perceptions often focus on the (potential) negative influences of masturbation on current or future relationships. Motivations some women reported for masturbating due to partner-related factors were diverse. Findings suggested that some women modify their masturbation behavior when in a relationship. The implications of these findings for sexual health educators and clinicians are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilan Kılıç Onar
- Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Heather Armstrong
- Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Cynthia A Graham
- Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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