1
|
Sood A, Zhang B. Quantifying the Stability of Coupled Genetic and Epigenetic Switches With Variational Methods. Front Genet 2021; 11:636724. [PMID: 33552146 PMCID: PMC7862759 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.636724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Waddington landscape provides an intuitive metaphor to view development as a ball rolling down the hill, with distinct phenotypes as basins and differentiation pathways as valleys. Since, at a molecular level, cell differentiation arises from interactions among the genes, a mathematical definition for the Waddington landscape can, in principle, be obtained by studying the gene regulatory networks. For eukaryotes, gene regulation is inextricably and intimately linked to histone modifications. However, the impact of such modifications on both landscape topography and stability of attractor states is not fully understood. In this work, we introduced a minimal kinetic model for gene regulation that combines the impact of both histone modifications and transcription factors. We further developed an approximation scheme based on variational principles to solve the corresponding master equation in a second quantized framework. By analyzing the steady-state solutions at various parameter regimes, we found that histone modification kinetics can significantly alter the behavior of a genetic network, resulting in qualitative changes in gene expression profiles. The emerging epigenetic landscape captures the delicate interplay between transcription factors and histone modifications in driving cell-fate decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amogh Sood
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kang YM, Liu RN. Moment dynamics for gene regulation with rational rate laws. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:042407. [PMID: 33212610 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.042407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This aim of this paper is mainly to investigate the performance of two typical moment closure schemes in gene regulatory master equations of rational rate laws. When the reaction rate is polynomial, the error bounds between the authentic and approximate moments obtained by schemes of Gaussian moment closure and log-normal moment closure are explicitly given. When the reaction rate is not polynomial, it is shown that the two schemes both behave well in the absence of active-inactive state switch, but in the presence of active-inactive state switch the log-normal closure scheme is far superior to the Gaussian closure scheme in capturing the asymptotic ensemble statistics. Moreover, the accuracy of the log-normal closure method is further confirmed by steady-state analytic results and the conditional Gaussian closure method. It is also disclosed that optimal negative feedback exists in suppressing protein noise in the presence of the on-off switch control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Mei Kang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Ruo-Nan Liu
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yu JR, Feng TJ, Zheng XD, Chen DH, Tao Y. Transitions in the cell-fate induction induced by colored noise associated with the inductive stimulus. J Theor Biol 2020; 484:110018. [PMID: 31550442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.110018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The cell-fate induction based on the saddle-node bifurcation is undoubtedly a very important concept in developmental biology, which provides a possible mechanism to explain the intrinsic irreversibility in the developmental process. In this paper, the effect of a colored noise, which is associated with the inductive stimulus, on the saddle-node landscape of cell-fate induction is investigated, especially, the effect of the change of correlation time of colored noise on cell-fate induction. The main results show clearly that the change of correlation time of colored noise could induce the transitions of the system. This implies that the colored noise associated with inductive stimulus may have a profound effect on the saddle-node bifurcation landscape of cell-fate induction. This will also help us to understand more deeply the role of cell-fate induction in developmental biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Ru Yu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Tian-Jiao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiu-Deng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Da-Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Tao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pan C, Jiang Y, Zhu Q, Lin W. Emergent dynamics of coordinated cells with time delays in a tissue. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2019; 29:031101. [PMID: 30927840 DOI: 10.1063/1.5092644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we investigate the emergence of tissue dynamics with time delays of diffusion. Such emergent dynamics, describing the tissue homeostasis, usually correspond to particular tissue functions, which are attracting a tremendous amount of attention from both communities of mathematical modeling and systems biology. Specifically, in addition to the within-cell genome dynamics and the diffusion among the cells, we consider several types of time delays of diffusion present in the coordinated cells. We establish several generalized versions of the "monotonicity condition" (MC), whose traditional version [I. Rajapakse and S. Smale, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 114, 1462-1467 (2017)] guaranteed the stability of the equilibrium in a system of coordinated cells without time delay. Indeed, we find that one generalized MC we establish still guarantees the stability of the time-delayed system's equilibrium, which corresponds to a formation of tissue functions depending primarily on individual genome dynamics but less on interacting structures and time delays of diffusion. We also find that, when the generalized MC is further relaxed, the system is able to sustain periodic oscillations, whose periods are verified to have delicate dependence with the selected time delays. These produced oscillations usually represent realistic behaviors of "alive" cells. We use several representative examples to demonstrate the usefulness of the established analytical conditions to the understanding of the emergent dynamics observed in computational models and in real systems as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiyu Pan
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuanren Jiang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qunxi Zhu
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Lin
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
Ohkubo J. Counting statistics for genetic switches based on effective interaction approximation. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:125102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4754537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
7
|
Stinchcombe AR, Peskin CS, Tranchina D. Population density approach for discrete mRNA distributions in generalized switching models for stochastic gene expression. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 85:061919. [PMID: 23005139 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.85.061919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a generalization of a population density approach for modeling and analysis of stochastic gene expression. In the model, the gene of interest fluctuates stochastically between an inactive state, in which transcription cannot occur, and an active state, in which discrete transcription events occur; and the individual mRNA molecules are degraded stochastically in an independent manner. This sort of model in simplest form with exponential dwell times has been used to explain experimental estimates of the discrete distribution of random mRNA copy number. In our generalization, the random dwell times in the inactive and active states, T_{0} and T_{1}, respectively, are independent random variables drawn from any specified distributions. Consequently, the probability per unit time of switching out of a state depends on the time since entering that state. Our method exploits a connection between the fully discrete random process and a related continuous process. We present numerical methods for computing steady-state mRNA distributions and an analytical derivation of the mRNA autocovariance function. We find that empirical estimates of the steady-state mRNA probability mass function from Monte Carlo simulations of laboratory data do not allow one to distinguish between underlying models with exponential and nonexponential dwell times in some relevant parameter regimes. However, in these parameter regimes and where the autocovariance function has negative lobes, the autocovariance function disambiguates the two types of models. Our results strongly suggest that temporal data beyond the autocovariance function is required in general to characterize gene switching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Stinchcombe
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, 251 Mercer Street, New York, New York 10012, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Galle J, Hoffmann M, Krinner A. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Heterogeneity and Ageing In Vitro: A Model Approach. COMPUTATIONAL MODELING IN TISSUE ENGINEERING 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/8415_2012_116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
9
|
Nguyen LK, Kulasiri D. Distinct noise-controlling roles of multiple negative feedback mechanisms in a prokaryotic operon system. IET Syst Biol 2011; 5:145-56. [PMID: 21405203 DOI: 10.1049/iet-syb.2010.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular fluctuations are known to affect dynamics of cellular systems in important ways. Studies aimed at understanding how molecular systems of certain regulatory architectures control noise therefore become essential. The interplay between feedback regulation and noise has been previously explored for cellular networks governed by a single negative feedback loop. However, similar issues within networks consisting of more complex regulatory structures remain elusive. The authors investigate how negative feedback loops manage noise within a biochemical cascade concurrently governed by multiple negative feedback loops, using the prokaryotic tryptophan (trp) operon system in Escherechia coli as the model system. To the authors knowledge, this is the first study of noise in the trp operon system. They show that the loops in the trp operon system possess distinct, even opposing, noise-controlling effects despite their seemingly analogous feedback structures. The enzyme inhibition loop, although controlling the last reaction of the cascade, was found to suppress noise not only for the tryptophan output but also for other upstream components. In contrast, the Repression (Rep) loop enhances noise for all systems components. Attenuation (Att) poses intermediate effects by attenuating noise for the upstream components but promoting noise for components downstream of its target. Regarding noise at the output tryptophan, Rep and Att can be categorised as noise-enhancing loops whereas Enzyme Inhibition as a noise-reducing loop. These findings suggest novel implications in how cellular systems with multiple feedback mechanisms control noise. [Includes supplementary material].
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang K, Wang L, Teng Z, Jiang H. Stability and bifurcation of genetic regulatory networks with delays. Neurocomputing 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2010.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
11
|
Ping Li, Lam J, Zhan Shu. On the Transient and Steady-State Estimates of Interval Genetic Regulatory Networks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 40:336-49. [DOI: 10.1109/tsmcb.2009.2022402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
12
|
Wang Y, Cao J, Li L. Global robust power-rate stability of delayed genetic regulatory networks with noise perturbations. Cogn Neurodyn 2010; 4:81-90. [PMID: 21359037 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-009-9102-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Revised: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, by using the Lyapunov method, Itô's differential formula and linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach, the global robust power-rate stability in mean square is discussed for genetic regulatory networks with unbounded time-varying delay, noise perturbations and parameter uncertainties. Sufficient conditions are given to ensure the robust power-rate stability (in mean square) of the genetic regulatory networks. Meanwhile, the criteria ensuring global power-rate stability in mean square are a byproduct of the criteria guaranteeing global robust power-rate stability in mean square. The obtained conditions are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) which are easy to be verified via the LMI toolbox. An illustrative example is given to show the effectiveness of the obtained result.
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang Z, Gao H, Cao J, Liu X. On Delayed Genetic Regulatory Networks With Polytopic Uncertainties: Robust Stability Analysis. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2008; 7:154-63. [DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2008.2000746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
14
|
Ren F, Cao J. Asymptotic and robust stability of genetic regulatory networks with time-varying delays. Neurocomputing 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2007.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
15
|
Abstract
The apparent precision of the output in multi-step biochemical pathways in the face of external and intrinsic perturbations is non-obvious and conceptually difficult. Using a simple three-step negatively auto-regulated model pathway, we show that the effect of perturbation at different steps of the pathway and its transmission through the network is dependent on the context (i.e., the position) of the particular reaction step in relation to the topology of the regulatory network, stoichiometry of reactions, type of nonlinearity involved in the reactions and also on the intrinsic dynamical state of the pathway variables. We delineate the qualitative and quantitative changes in the pathway dynamics for constant ('bias') and random external perturbations acting on the pathway steps locally or globally to all steps. We show that constant perturbation induces qualitative change in dynamics, whereas random fluctuations cause significant quantitative variations in the concentrations of the different variables. Thus, the dynamic response of multi-step biochemical pathways to external perturbation depends on their biochemical, topological and dynamical features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Maithreye
- Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | | |
Collapse
|