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Ezoe H. A general mathematical model for coevolutionary dynamics of mutualisms with partner discrimination. THEOR ECOL-NETH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12080-022-00537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Plant pathogens are a critical component of the microbiome that exist as populations undergoing ecological and evolutionary processes within their host. Many aspects of virulence rely on social interactions mediated through multiple forms of public goods, including quorum-sensing signals, exoenzymes, and effectors. Virulence and disease progression involve life-history decisions that have social implications with large effects on both host and microbe fitness, such as the timing of key transitions. Considering the molecular basis of sequential stages of plant-pathogen interactions highlights many opportunities for pathogens to cheat, and there is evidence for ample variation in virulence. Case studies reveal systems where cheating has been demonstrated and others where it is likely occurring. Harnessing the social interactions of pathogens, along with leveraging novel sensing and -omics technologies to understand microbial fitness in the field, will enable us to better manage plant microbiomes in the interest of plant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren L Friesen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA;
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Harcombe WR, Betts A, Shapiro JW, Marx CJ. Adding biotic complexity alters the metabolic benefits of mutualism. Evolution 2016; 70:1871-81. [PMID: 27272242 PMCID: PMC4980190 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mutualism is ubiquitous in nature and plays an integral role in most communities. To predict the eco-evolutionary dynamics of mutualism it is critical to extend classic pair-wise analysis to include additional species. We investigated the effect of adding a third species to a pair-wise mutualism in a spatially structured environment. We tested the hypotheses that selection for costly excretions in a focal population (i) decreases when an exploiter is added (ii) increases when a third mutualist is added relative to the pair-wise scenario. We assayed the selection acting on Salmonella enterica when it exchanges methionine for carbon in an obligate mutualism with an auxotrophic Escherichia coli. A third bacterium, Methylobacterium extorquens, was then added and acted either as an exploiter of the carbon or third obligate mutualist depending on the nitrogen source. In the tripartite mutualism M. extorquens provided nitrogen to the other species. Contrary to our expectations, adding an exploiter increased selection for methionine excretion in S. enterica. Conversely, selection for cooperation was lower in the tripartite mutualism relative to the pair-wise system. Genome-scale metabolic models helped identify the mechanisms underlying these changes in selection. Our results highlight the utility of connecting metabolic mechanisms and eco-evolutionary dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Harcombe
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138.
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108.
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108.
| | - Alex Betts
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PS, United Kingdom
| | - Jason W Shapiro
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108
| | - Christopher J Marx
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, 83844
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, 83844
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