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Mathematical Modelling of p53 Signalling during DNA Damage Response: A Survey. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910590. [PMID: 34638930 PMCID: PMC8508851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
No gene has garnered more interest than p53 since its discovery over 40 years ago. In the last two decades, thanks to seminal work from Uri Alon and Ghalit Lahav, p53 has defined a truly synergistic topic in the field of mathematical biology, with a rich body of research connecting mathematic endeavour with experimental design and data. In this review we survey and distill the extensive literature of mathematical models of p53. Specifically, we focus on models which seek to reproduce the oscillatory dynamics of p53 in response to DNA damage. We review the standard modelling approaches used in the field categorising them into three types: time delay models, spatial models and coupled negative-positive feedback models, providing sample model equations and simulation results which show clear oscillatory dynamics. We discuss the interplay between mathematics and biology and show how one informs the other; the deep connections between the two disciplines has helped to develop our understanding of this complex gene and paint a picture of its dynamical response. Although yet more is to be elucidated, we offer the current state-of-the-art understanding of p53 response to DNA damage.
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Lobo J, Alzamora MA, Guimarães R, Cantante M, Lopes P, Braga I, Maurício J, Jerónimo C, Henrique R. p53 and MDM2 expression in primary and metastatic testicular germ cell tumors: Association with clinical outcome. Andrology 2020; 8:1233-1242. [PMID: 32384200 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are highly sensitive to platinum-based chemotherapy, and wild-type p53 seems to play a pivotal role in this susceptibility. On the other hand, overexpression of MDM2 seems to entail treatment resistance and unfavorable prognosis. OBJECTIVES We aimed to describe p53 and MDM2 immunoexpression in a well-characterized cohort of primary and metastatic TGCTs and evaluate associations with clinicopathological and prognostic variables, including survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS 237 primary tumor samples and 12 metastases were evaluated for p53 and MDM2 immunoexpression using digital image analysis. Clinical records of all patients were reviewed for baseline clinical/pathologic characteristics and follow-up. RESULTS A significant positive correlation between p53 and MDM2 H-scores was found (rs = 0.590, P < .0001). Non-seminomas showed significantly higher expression levels of both p53 and MDM2 (P = .0002, P < .0001), which peaked in embryonal carcinomas and choriocarcinomas. Percentage of immunoexpressing cells and H-score were significantly higher in chemo-treated metastases compared with chemo-naïve primary tumors for MDM2 (P ≤ .0001 for both), but not for p53 (P = .919 and P = .703, respectively). Cases with higher MDM2 immunoexpression showed a statistically significant trend for association with poorer prognosis (P = .043). Relapse/progression-free survival at 12 months post-diagnosis was lower in the "MDM2-high" (≥P50) vs. the "MDM2-low" (<P50) expression groups. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION In TGCTs, MDM2 overexpression may indicate a more aggressive tumor phenotype, with propensity for therapy resistance and recurrence. If validated in larger multi-institutional studies with precise quantification, it may be envisioned as a useful predictive biomarker of poor response to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Lobo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Ana Alzamora
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Guimarães
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Cantante
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Lopes
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Isaac Braga
- Department of Urology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Joaquina Maurício
- Department of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
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Li S, Wang Y, Zhao H, Shao Y, Liu J, Xing M. Characterization, functional and signaling elucidation of pigeon (Columba livia) interferon-α: Knockdown p53 negatively modulates antiviral response. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 90:29-40. [PMID: 30170033 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of interferon-α signaling pathways is essential to protect the host from infection with a broad range of viruses. However, information regarding antiviral response and the specific molecular mechanism of Columba livia interferon-α (CoIFN-α) has not been reported to date. In this study, we cloned a 723bp complete ORF of CoIFN-α gene. The specific antiviral activity of CoIFN-α in VSV (TCID50 = 10-5.87/100 μL)-infected CEFs reached 5.5 × 105 U/mg. Moreover, our result indicated that the anti-VSV efficient of CoIFN-α might depend on the expression of NF-κB. CoIFN-α also showed high sensitivity to trypsin and relatively stable after acid, alkali or heat treatment. Moreover, CoIFN-α activated STAT/Jak signaling and autophagy to inhibit VSV-induced apoptosis. Although the expression of p53 was further increased, apoptosis was not involved in CoIFN-α against VSV. Notably, although STAT signaling was efficiently activated, knockdown p53 did inhibit the antiviral activity of the CoIFN-α via decreasing the expression of Mx1 but not weakened Jak phosphorylation. Moreover, VSV aggravated the apoptosis and the expression of cleaved Mdm2 in knockdown p53 under preincubated CoIFN-α. Taken together, p53 might as a highly interconnected regulator in IFN-α antiviral response and cleaved Mdm2 might as a dominant-negative regulator by competing with full length Mdm2 for p53 binding in virus infection. Overall, our research not only enriches CoIFN-α antiviral features but also helps explain that p53 enhance the CoIFN-α antiviral response against pigeon viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Li
- Department of Physiology, College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Hongjing Zhao
- Department of Physiology, College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yizhi Shao
- Department of Physiology, College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- Department of Physiology, College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Mingwei Xing
- Department of Physiology, College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
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Kang H, Lim JW, Kim H. Inhibitory effect of Korean Red Ginseng extract on DNA damage response and apoptosis in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells. J Ginseng Res 2018; 44:79-85. [PMID: 32148392 PMCID: PMC7033323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis in gastric epithelial cells. DNA damage activates DNA damage response (DDR) which includes ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) activation. ATM increases alternative reading frame (ARF) but decreases mouse double minute 2 (Mdm2). Because p53 interacts with Mdm2, H. pylori–induced loss of Mdm2 stabilizes p53 and induces apoptosis. Previous study showed that Korean Red Ginseng extract (KRG) reduces ROS and prevents cell death in H. pylori–infected gastric epithelial cells. Methods We determined whether KRG inhibits apoptosis by suppressing DDRs and apoptotic indices in H. pylori–infected gastric epithelial AGS cells. The infected cells were treated with or without KRG or an ATM kinase inhibitor KU-55933. ROS levels, apoptotic indices (cell death, DNA fragmentation, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, caspase-3 activity) and DDRs (activation and levels of ATM, checkpoint kinase 2, Mdm2, ARF, and p53) were determined. Results H. pylori induced apoptosis by increasing apoptotic indices and ROS levels. H. pylori activated DDRs (increased p-ATM, p-checkpoint kinase 2, ARF, p-p53, and p53, but decreased Mdm2) in gastric epithelial cells. KRG reduced ROS and inhibited increase in apoptotic indices and DDRs in H. pylori–infected gastric epithelial cells. KU-55933 suppressed DDRs and apoptosis in H. pylori–infected gastric epithelial cells, similar to KRG. Conclusion KRG suppressed ATM-mediated DDRs and apoptosis by reducing ROS in H. pylori–infected gastric epithelial cells. Supplementation with KRG may prevent the oxidative stress-mediated gastric impairment associated with H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Weon Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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