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Munshi PN, McCurdy SR. Age barriers in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: Raising the silver curtain. Am J Hematol 2024; 99:922-937. [PMID: 38414188 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.27228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is no longer exclusively for the young. With an aging population, development of non-intensive remission-inducing strategies for hematologic malignancies, and novel graft-versus-host disease-prevention platforms, an older population of patients is pursuing HCT. The evolving population of HCT recipients requires an overhaul in the way we risk-stratify and optimize patients prior to HCT. Here, we review the history and current state of HCT for older adults and propose an assessment and intervention flow to bridge the gaps in today's clinical guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pashna N Munshi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shannon R McCurdy
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Miyashita E, Sugihara N, Tanaka M, Iwasaki H, Monna-Oiwa M, Isobe M, Kato S, Takahashi S, Nannya Y, Tsuru Y, Konuma T. Prevalence and factors of polypharmacy among disease-free survivors of adults after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Leuk Lymphoma 2024; 65:516-520. [PMID: 38149869 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2023.2298698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eita Miyashita
- Department of Nursing, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nozomi Sugihara
- Department of Nursing, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Tanaka
- Department of Nursing, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Iwasaki
- Department of Nursing, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Monna-Oiwa
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamichi Isobe
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiko Kato
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Nannya
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukari Tsuru
- Department of Nursing, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaaki Konuma
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Lin RJ, Dahi PB, Korc-Grodzicki B, Shahrokni A, Jakubowski AA, Giralt SA. Transplantation and Cellular Therapy for Older Adults-The MSK Approach. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2024; 19:82-91. [PMID: 38332462 PMCID: PMC11126330 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-024-00725-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hematologic malignances more commonly affect older individuals and often present with advanced, higher risk disease than younger patients. Allogeneic and autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation is well-established treatment modalities with curative potential following either frontline treatments for these diseases or salvage therapy in the relapsed or refractory setting. More recently, novel cellular immunotherapy such as chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy has been shown to lead to high response rate and durable remission in many patients with advanced blood cancers. RECENT FINDINGS Given unique characteristics of older patients, how best to deliver these higher-intensity and time sensitive treatment modalities for them remains challenging. Moreover, their short-term and potential long-term impact on their functional status, cognitive status, and quality of life may be significant considerations for many older patients. All these issues contributed to the lack of access and significant underutilization of these potential curative treatment strategies. In this review, we present up to date evidence to support potential benefits of transplantation and cellular therapy for older adults, their steady improving outcomes, and most importantly, highlight the use of geriatric assessment to help select appropriate older patients and optimize them prior to and following transplantation and cellular therapy. We specifically describe our approach at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and encouraging early results from its implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Lin
- Adult Blood and Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- David H. Koch Center for Cancer Care, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 530 E 74th Street, Room 21-142, New York, NY, 10022, USA.
| | - Parastoo B Dahi
- Adult Blood and Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Beatriz Korc-Grodzicki
- Geriatrics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Armin Shahrokni
- Geriatrics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ann A Jakubowski
- Adult Blood and Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Sergio A Giralt
- Adult Blood and Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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Jayani RV. How old is too old? Frailty and geriatric assessments of older patients undergoing allogeneic HCT. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2023; 2023:709-714. [PMID: 38066893 PMCID: PMC10727072 DOI: 10.1182/hematology.2023000457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a curative-intent treatment for many hematologic malignancies but carries a significant risk of morbidity and mortality. An increasing number of older adults are receiving HCT, but current pretransplant evaluations overlook the unique vulnerabilities that older adults face. Oncology-specific geriatric and frailty assessments provide a comprehensive evaluation of older adults, help better weigh the risks of HCT with patients, and guide personalized optimization strategies to minimize vulnerabilities. Geriatric assessments evaluate seven domains: comorbidities, physical function, mental health, cognition, nutrition, medications, and social support. Frailty indices provide unique evaluations into a patient's overall status. Various standardized measures have been used to evaluate these areas in older adults prior to HCT. Different care models exist for the integration of geriatrics and geriatric principles into HCT evaluation: a multidisciplinary consultative clinic, a geriatrician alongside the HCT clinic, or a primary geriatric hematologist/transplant physician. Future studies are needed to investigate the use of geriatric assessments in selecting the conditioning regimen and intensity and measuring the impact of geriatric assessment-driven interventions on quality of life and toxicities post transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena V. Jayani
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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Lin RJ, Kim SJ, Brown S, Elko TA, Ruiz JD, Hanley DM, Lia Palomba M, Perales MA, Shah GL, Dahi PB, Scordo M, Sauter CS, Batlevi CL, Tomas AA, Shouval R, Lee N, Pavkovic EA, Engstler DE, Park JH, Salles GA, Devlin SM, Korc-Grodzicki B, Hamlin PA, Giralt SA. Prospective geriatric assessment and geriatric consultation in CAR T-cell therapy for older patients with lymphoma. Blood Adv 2023; 7:3501-3505. [PMID: 37078703 PMCID: PMC10362256 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Lin
- Adult Blood and Marrow Transplantation Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Cellular Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Soo Jung Kim
- Geriatrics Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Samantha Brown
- Lymphoma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Theresa A. Elko
- Adult Blood and Marrow Transplantation Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Cellular Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Josel D. Ruiz
- Adult Blood and Marrow Transplantation Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Danielle M. Hanley
- Adult Blood and Marrow Transplantation Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - M. Lia Palomba
- Cellular Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Miguel-Angel Perales
- Adult Blood and Marrow Transplantation Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Cellular Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Gunjan L. Shah
- Adult Blood and Marrow Transplantation Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Cellular Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Parastoo B. Dahi
- Adult Blood and Marrow Transplantation Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Cellular Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Michael Scordo
- Adult Blood and Marrow Transplantation Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Cellular Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Craig S. Sauter
- Adult Blood and Marrow Transplantation Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Cellular Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Connie L. Batlevi
- Cellular Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Ana Alarcon Tomas
- Adult Blood and Marrow Transplantation Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Roni Shouval
- Adult Blood and Marrow Transplantation Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Cellular Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Nicole Lee
- Adult Blood and Marrow Transplantation Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Emma A. Pavkovic
- Adult Blood and Marrow Transplantation Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Danielle E. Engstler
- Adult Blood and Marrow Transplantation Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jae H. Park
- Cellular Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Gilles A. Salles
- Cellular Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Sean M. Devlin
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
- Lymphoma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Beatriz Korc-Grodzicki
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
- Geriatrics Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Paul A. Hamlin
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Sergio A. Giralt
- Adult Blood and Marrow Transplantation Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Cellular Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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Drummond PLM, Santos RMMD, Reis AMM, Malta JS, Silveira LP, Costa IHFD, Menezes de Pádua CA. Real-world effectiveness and safety of multiple myeloma treatments based on thalidomide and bortezomib: A retrospective cohort study from 2009 to 2020 in a Brazilian metropolis. Cancer Epidemiol 2023; 85:102377. [PMID: 37163919 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2023.102377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable cancer of plasma cells; the survival of which has improved over the years with the emergence of new treatments. In Brazil, the availability of treatment-regimens is different from developed countries. Real-world evidence with Brazilian patients is lacking. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness and the safety of MM treatments in a Brazilian metropolis. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study with MM patients, beginning MM treatment from 2009 to 2020 (i.e., before bortezomib became available in public health services). Patients' medical records were revised to obtain clinical variables. The primary outcomes were Overall Survival (OS) and Progression Free Survival (PFS, measured as time to next treatment), and the secondary outcomes were Adverse Events (AE). Kaplan-Meier curves were obtained and the Cox proportional hazards model was performed for univariate and multivariate analyses. The incidence of AE was estimated and the chi-squared test was performed to evaluate the association between AE and MM regimens. RESULTS In total, 278 patients participated in the study with median age of 64 years; 50.4 % were females, 55.8 % attended a private clinic, 34.9 % received autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and 32.4 % were on polypharmacy. Most patients from public services used thalidomide-based regimens (40.3 %) and at private clinics used bortezomib-based regimens (38.1 %) as first-line treatment. Patients had a median OS of 99 months. Patients had median PFS of 28 months in first-line treatment, which was significantly different for age (p = 0.0055), polypharmacy (p = 0.0094) and ASCT (p < 0.0001). PFS was independently associated to polypharmacy and ASCT. The incidence of peripheral neuropathy (39.6 %) was high. In contrast, the incidence of severe AE was low. We found significant difference between first-line T + B-based regimens and leukopenia (p = 0.012). CONCLUSION Our study showed that patients on polypharmacy and who did not receive ASCT had worse PFS. Similar to other Latin countries, most patients used thalidomide- and bortezomib-based regimens as first-line treatments having similar OS and PFS. Treatments were considered relatively safe, especially regarding serious AE.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L M Drummond
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Lívia Pena Silveira
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Silver Nanoparticles: An Instantaneous Solution for Anticancer Activity against Human Liver (HepG2) and Breast (MCF-7) Cancer Cells. METALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/met12010148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a cataclysmic disease that affects not only the target organ, but also the whole body. Metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) have recently emerged as a better option for the treatment of this deadly disease. Accordingly, the present work describes a means to control the growth of cancer cells by using colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) processed via homemade solutions and the characterization of these materials. The AgNPs may become an instantaneous solution for the treatment of these deadly diseases and to minimize or remove these problems. The AgNPs exhibit excellent control of the growth rate of human liver (HepG2) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cells, even at a very low concentrations. The cytotoxic effects of AgNPs on HepG2 and MCF-7 cancer cells were dose dependent (2–200 μg/mL), as evaluated using MTT and NRU assays. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased by 136% and 142% in HepG2 and MCF-7 cells treated with AgNPs, respectively. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) data for both cell types (HepG2 and MCF-7) after exposure to AgNPs showed up- and downregulation of the expression of apoptotic (p53, Bax, caspase-3) and anti-apoptotic (BCl2) genes; moreover, their roles were described. This work shows that NPs were successfully prepared and controlled the growth of both types of cancer cells.
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Lin RJ, Artz AS. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for older patients. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2021; 2021:254-263. [PMID: 34889392 PMCID: PMC8791130 DOI: 10.1182/hematology.2021000257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Hematologic malignances are more common and often higher risk in older patients. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) best enables long-term disease control for patients with poor risk or relapsed/refractory hematologic malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, or myelofibrosis. Rates of alloHCT among older patients, while still relatively low compared with younger patients, have risen sharply over the past decade. Accumulating evidence supports alloHCT for patients ≥60 years of age relative to non-HCT therapies based on improved overall and disease-free survival. However, a significant proportion of older adults have limitations characterized by geriatric assessment. A systematic process to evaluate and optimize older patients may improve decision making, transplant outcomes, and alloHCT access. We present case-based studies to illustrate a stepwise and rational approach to proper older patient evaluation, pretransplant optimization, and posttransplant care with attention to important geriatric issues and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Lin
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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Lee JW, Li M, Boyd CM, Green AR, Szanton SL. Preoperative Deprescribing for Medical Optimization of Older Adults Undergoing Surgery: A Systematic Review. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2021; 23:528-536.e2. [PMID: 34861224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize the evidence for preoperative deprescribing and its effect on postoperative outcomes in older adults undergoing surgery. DESIGN Systematic review. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS All available studies. METHODS We searched EMBASE, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), and PubMed from inception to January 12, 2021. Settings included outpatient settings during the waiting period for surgery (ie, preoperative clinic) through to the preoperative period in the hospital. Participants who were older adults, aged ≥65 years, undergoing planned or emergency surgery with deprescribing or medication-related interventions were included for review. RESULTS We identified 3 different methods of deprescribing intervention delivery during the preoperative period: geriatrician-led (n = 2), interdisciplinary team-led (n = 8), and pharmacist-led (n = 6). Outcomes were related to health care utilization, patient outcomes, and medication changes; however, results were difficult to compare because of heterogeneous outcomes within the topics. Overall, results were either positive or neutral. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The evidence for deprescribing during the preoperative period for older adults undergoing surgery is weak because of the heterogeneity of intervention delivery and outcomes, inclusion of nonoperative cases in some studies, and low power. This review highlights the need for future research, which may consider the following: (1) interdisciplinary approach, (2) coordination of deprescribing efforts with primary care provider from the waiting period for surgery up to after hospital discharge, and (3) validated deprescribing criteria such as STOPP/START that is easy to implement. It is important to note that results yielded positive and neutral results, not negative ones, which should reassure clinicians to implement deprescribing for older adults during the surgical period. Additionally, policy initiatives such as integrated electronic medical records or increased reimbursement of deprescribing efforts for primary care providers and/or hospitals should be pursued to prevent adverse postoperative events for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Lee
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Mengchi Li
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Ariel R Green
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah L Szanton
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Kennedy VE, Olin RL. Haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in older adults: geriatric assessment, donor considerations, and optimisation of care. LANCET HAEMATOLOGY 2021; 8:e853-e861. [PMID: 34624239 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3026(21)00231-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) has seen substantial growth among older adults. Chronological age is no longer viewed as an absolute barrier to HSCT, and alternative methods for assessing pre-transplantation fitness are increasingly used. In this Series paper, we summarise the metrics for pre-transplantation risk assessment in older adults, including both traditional metrics and geriatric assessment, and the ability of these metrics to predict post-transplantation outcomes. We also discuss strategies to broaden the utility of geriatric assessment, including in chronologically younger HSCT candidates and to guide individualised pre-transplantation interventions. Finally, we discuss donor considerations in older adults, including use of older sibling donors, haploidentical donors, and emerging data for donor-associated clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa E Kennedy
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca L Olin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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