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The Neuroprotective Effects of Administration of Methylprednisolone in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Experimental Cardiac Arrest Model. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022:10.1007/s10571-022-01300-w. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01300-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Jiang J, Dai C, Niu X, Sun H, Cheng S, Zhang Z, Zhu X, Wang Y, Zhang T, Duan F, Chen X, Zhang S. Establishment of a precise novel brain trauma model in a large animal based on injury of the cerebral motor cortex. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 307:95-105. [PMID: 29960029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal models are essential in simulating clinical diseases and facilitating relevant studies. NEW METHOD We established a precise canine model of traumatic brain injury (TBI) based on cerebral motor cortex injury which was confirmed by neuroimaging, electrophysiology, and a series of motor function assessment methods. Twelve beagles were divided into control, sham, and model groups. The cerebral motor cortex was identified by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), a simple marker method, and intraoperative electrophysiological measurement. Bony windows were designed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan and DTI. During the operation, canines in the control group were under general anesthesia. The canines were operated via bony window craniotomy and dura mater opening in the sham group. After opening of the bony window and dura mater, the motor cortex was impacted by a modified electronic cortical contusion impactor (eCCI) in the model group. RESULTS Postoperative measurements revealed damage to the cerebral motor cortex and functional defects. Comparisons between preoperative and postoperative results demonstrated that the established model was successful. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) Compared with conventional models, this is the first brain trauma model in large animal that was constructed based on injury to the cerebral motor cortex under the guidance of DTI, a simple marker method, and electrophysiology. CONCLUSION The method used to establish this model can be standardized to enhance reproducibility and provide a stable and precise large animal model of TBI for clinical and basic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jipeng Jiang
- Institution of Brain Trauma and Neurology Disease, Key laboratory of neurotrauma repair of Tianjin, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of PAP, Chenglin Road No.220, Tianjin 300162, China.
| | - Chen Dai
- Institution of Brain Trauma and Neurology Disease, Key laboratory of neurotrauma repair of Tianjin, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of PAP, Chenglin Road No.220, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Xuegang Niu
- Institution of Brain Trauma and Neurology Disease, Key laboratory of neurotrauma repair of Tianjin, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of PAP, Chenglin Road No.220, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Hongtao Sun
- Institution of Brain Trauma and Neurology Disease, Key laboratory of neurotrauma repair of Tianjin, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of PAP, Chenglin Road No.220, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Shixiang Cheng
- Institution of Brain Trauma and Neurology Disease, Key laboratory of neurotrauma repair of Tianjin, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of PAP, Chenglin Road No.220, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhang
- Department of Automation, College of Computer and Control Engineering, Nankai University, Tongyan Road No.38, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xu Zhu
- Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road No.22, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road No.22, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Tongshuo Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory of Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of PAP, Chenglin Road No.220, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Feng Duan
- Department of Automation, College of Computer and Control Engineering, Nankai University, Tongyan Road No.38, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xuyi Chen
- Institution of Brain Trauma and Neurology Disease, Key laboratory of neurotrauma repair of Tianjin, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of PAP, Chenglin Road No.220, Tianjin 300162, China.
| | - Sai Zhang
- Institution of Brain Trauma and Neurology Disease, Key laboratory of neurotrauma repair of Tianjin, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of PAP, Chenglin Road No.220, Tianjin 300162, China.
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Tsai HI, Chung PCH, Lee CW, Yu HP. Cerebral perfusion monitoring in acute care surgery: current and perspective use. Expert Rev Med Devices 2016; 13:865-75. [DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2016.1219655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Cardiac arrest triggers hippocampal neuronal death through autophagic and apoptotic pathways. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27642. [PMID: 27273382 PMCID: PMC4897701 DOI: 10.1038/srep27642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of neuronal death induced by ischemic injury remains unknown. We investigated whether autophagy and p53 signaling played a role in the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons following global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, in a rat model of 8-min asphyxial cardiac arrest (CA) and resuscitation. Increased autophagosome numbers, expression of lysosomal cathepsin B, cathepsin D, Beclin-1, and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) suggested autophagy in hippocampal cells. The expression of tumor suppressor protein 53 (p53) and its target genes: Bax, p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), and damage-regulated autophagy modulator (DRAM) were upregulated following CA. The p53-specific inhibitor pifithrin-α (PFT-α) significantly reduced the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax and PUMA) and autophagic proteins (LC3-II and DRAM) that generally increase following CA. PFT-α also reduced hippocampal neuronal damage following CA. Similarly, 3-methyladenine (3-MA), which inhibits autophagy and bafilomycin A1 (BFA), which inhibits lysosomes, significantly inhibited hippocampal neuronal damage after CA. These results indicate that CA affects both autophagy and apoptosis, partially mediated by p53. Autophagy plays a significant role in hippocampal neuronal death induced by cerebral I/R following asphyxial-CA.
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Hernández-García C, Rodríguez-Rodríguez A, Egea-Guerrero J. Brain injury biomarkers in the setting of cardiac surgery: Still a world to explore. Brain Inj 2015; 30:10-7. [DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2015.1079733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Rahimi Nedjat M, Wähmann M, Bächli H, Güresir E, Vatter H, Raabe A, Heimann A, Kempski O, Alessandri B. Erythropoietin neuroprotection is enhanced by direct cortical application following subdural blood evacuation in a rat model of acute subdural hematoma. Neuroscience 2013; 238:125-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Chalkias A, Xanthos T. Post-cardiac arrest brain injury: pathophysiology and treatment. J Neurol Sci 2012; 315:1-8. [PMID: 22251931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac arrest is a leading cause of death that affects more than a million individuals worldwide every year. Despite the recent advancement in the field of cardiac arrest and resuscitation, the management and prognosis of post-cardiac arrest brain injury remain suboptimal. The pathophysiology of post-cardiac arrest brain injury involves a complex cascade of molecular events, most of which remain unknown. Considering that a potentially broad therapeutic window for neuroprotective drug therapy is offered in most successfully resuscitated patient after cardiac arrest, the need for further research is imperative. The aim of this article is to present the major pathophysiological disturbances leading to post-cardiac arrest brain injury, as well as to review the available pharmacological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Chalkias
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Department of Anatomy, Greece.
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Cata JP, Abdelmalak B, Farag E. Neurological biomarkers in the perioperative period. Br J Anaesth 2011; 107:844-58. [PMID: 22065690 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aer338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid detection and evaluation of patients presenting with perioperative neurological dysfunction is of great clinical relevance. Biomarkers have been defined as biological molecules that can be used as an indicator of new onset or progression of a biological process or effect of treatment. Biomarkers have become increasingly important in this setting to supplement other modalities of diagnosis such as EEG, sensory- or motor-evoked potential, transcranial Doppler, near-infrared spectroscopy, or imaging methods. A number of neuro-proteins have been identified and are currently under investigation for potential to provide insights into injury severity, outcome, and the ability to monitor cellular damage and molecular events that occur during neurological injury. S100B is a protein released by glial cells and is considered a marker of blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Clinical studies in patients undergoing cardiac and non-cardiac surgery indicate that serum levels of S100B are increased intraoperatively and after operation. The neurone-specific enolase has also been extensively investigated as a potential marker of neuronal injury in the context of cardiac and non-cardiac surgery. A third biomarker of interest is the Tau protein, which has been linked to neurodegenerative disorders. Tau appears to be more specific than the previous two biomarkers since it is only found in the central nervous system. The metalloproteinase and ubiquitin C terminal hydroxylase-L1 (UCH-L1) are the most recently researched markers; however, their usefulness is still unclear. This review presents a comprehensive overview of S100B, neuronal-specific enolase, metalloproteinases, and UCH-L1 in the perioperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Cata
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas-MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Neuroprotection in experimental stroke in the rat with an IgG-erythropoietin fusion protein. Brain Res 2010; 1360:193-7. [PMID: 20833153 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a potent neuroprotective agent that could be developed as a new treatment for stroke. However, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is intact in the early hours after stroke when neuroprotection is still possible, and EPO does not cross the intact BBB. To enable BBB transport, human EPO was re-engineered as an IgG-EPO fusion protein, wherein the IgG part is a monoclonal antibody (MAb) against the human insulin receptor (HIR). The HIRMAb acts as a BBB molecular Trojan horse to ferry the fused EPO across the BBB via transport on the BBB insulin receptor. The HIRMAb part of the HIRMAb-EPO fusion protein does not recognize the rat insulin receptor. However, the EPO part of the fusion protein does recognize the rat EPO receptor. Therefore, the neuroprotective properties of the HIRMAb-EPO fusion protein were investigated with a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model in the rat. The HIRMAb-EPO fusion protein was injected into the ipsilateral brain under stereotaxic guidance. High doses of the HIRMAb-EPO fusion protein (61pmol) completely eliminated both cortical and sub-cortical infarction. Lower doses of the fusion protein (4.5pmol) eliminated the cortical infarct with no significant effect on sub-cortical infarct. The neurologic deficit was reduced by 35% and 90%, respectively, by the 4.5 and 61pmol doses of the HIRMAb-EPO fusion protein. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate the biological activity of the HIRMAb-EPO fusion protein in the brain in vivo, and that EPO retains neuroprotective properties following fusion to the HIRMAb BBB Trojan horse.
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Velly L, Pellegrini L, Guillet B, Bruder N, Pisano P. Erythropoietin 2nd cerebral protection after acute injuries: a double-edged sword? Pharmacol Ther 2010; 128:445-59. [PMID: 20732352 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 15 years, a large body of evidence has revealed that the cytokine erythropoietin exhibits non-erythropoietic functions, especially tissue-protective effects. The discovery of EPO and its receptors in the central nervous system and the evidence that EPO is made locally in response to injury as a protective factor in the brain have raised the possibility that recombinant human EPO (rhEPO) could be administered as a cytoprotective agent after acute brain injuries. This review highlights the potential applications of rhEPO as a neuroprotectant in experimental and clinical settings such as ischemia, traumatic brain injury, and subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage. In preclinical studies, EPO prevented apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress induced by injury and exhibited strong neuroprotective and neurorestorative properties. EPO stimulates vascular repair by facilitating endothelial progenitor cell migration into the brain and neovascularisation, and it promotes neurogenesis. In humans, small clinical trials have shown promising results but large prospective randomized studies failed to demonstrate a benefit of EPO for brain protection and showed unwanted side effects, especially thrombotic complications. Recently, regions have been identified within the EPO molecule that mediate tissue protection, allowing the development of non-erythropoietic EPO variants for neuroprotection conceptually devoid of side effects. The efficacy and the safety profile of these new compounds are still to be demonstrated to obtain, in patients, the benefits observed in experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Velly
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, INSERM UMR 608, Université de la Méditerranée, Faculté de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
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Phillips CK, Hruby GW, Mirabile G, Motamedinia P, Lehman DS, Okhunov Z, Singh H, Schwartz M, Benson MC, Landman J. Erythropoietin-Induced Optimization of Renal Function After Warm Ischemia. J Endourol 2009; 23:359-65. [DOI: 10.1089/end.2008.0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jaime Landman
- Department of Urology, Columbia University, New York, New York
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