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Analyzing Human Periodontal Soft Tissue Inflammation and Drug Responses In Vitro Using Epithelium-Capillary Interface On-a-Chip. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12050345. [PMID: 35624646 PMCID: PMC9138963 DOI: 10.3390/bios12050345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The gingival epithelium–capillary interface is a unique feature of periodontal soft tissue, preserving periodontal tissue homeostasis and preventing microorganism and toxic substances from entering the subepithelial tissue. However, the function of the interface is disturbed in periodontitis, and mechanisms of the breakdown of the interface are incompletely understood. To address these limitations, we developed a microfluidic epithelium–capillary barrier with a thin culture membrane (10 μm) that closely mimics the in vivo gingival epithelial barrier with an immune micro-environment. To test the validity of the fabricated gingival epithelial barrier model, epithelium–capillary interface-on-a-chip was cultured with human gingival epithelial cells (HGECs) and human vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC). Their key properties were tested using optical microscope, transepithelial/transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), and permeability assays. The clear expression of VE-cadherin revealed the tight junctions in endothelial cells. Live/dead assays indicated a high cell viability, and the astrocytic morphology of HGE cells was confirmed by F-actin immunostaining. By the third day of cell culture, TEER levels typically exceeded in co-cultures. The resultant permeability coefficients showed a significant difference between 70 kDa and 40 kDa FITC-dextran. The expression of protein intercellular cell adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) and human beta defensin-2 (HBD2) decreased when exposed to TNF-α and LPS, but recovered with the NF-κB inhibitor treatment- Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamic acid (PDTC), indicating the stability of the fabricated chip. These results demonstrate that the developed epithelium-capillary interface system is a valid model for studying periodontal soft tissue function and drug delivery.
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Use of paclitaxel carried in solid lipid nanoparticles to prevent peritoneal fibrosis in rats. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268197. [PMID: 35522621 PMCID: PMC9075628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Progressive fibrous thickening of peritoneal membrane (PM) is a major complication of long-term peritoneal dialysis. TGF-β/SMAD pathway activation, inflammation and neoangiogenesis have an important role in PM changes induced by peritoneal dialysis. Here, we investigated the effects of paclitaxel (PTX) carried in lipid core nanoparticles (LDE) on the development of peritoneal fibrosis (PF) in rats. Methods To induce PF, 21 male Wistar rats (300-350g) were injected with chlorhexidine gluconate for 15 consecutive days and randomly assigned to three groups: 1)PF, n = 5: no treatment; 2)LDE, n = 8: treated with LDE only, 3/3 days during 15 days; 3)LDE-PTX, n = 8: treated with PTX (4mg/kg) associated with LDE, 3/3 days during 15 days. A Control group without PF induction (n = 5) was designed, received saline solution, 3/3 days. Peritoneum function tests were performed, and anterior abdominal wall samples of the PM were collected for analyses of peritoneal thickness, immunohistochemitry, and gene expression. Results LDE-PTX treatment preserved the membrane function, maintaining the ultrafiltration rate and mass transfer of glucose at normal levels. LDE-PTX also prevented PM thickening induced by chlorhexidine gluconate injections. LDE-PTX treatment reduced the number of myofibroblasts infiltrating PM and inhibited the cell proliferation. Gene expression of fibronectin, FSP-1, VEGF, TGF-β, and SMAD3 were reduced by LDE-PTX. Conclusions LDE-PTX was effective to prevent development of PF and preserve the PM filtration capacity in this rat model, with clear-cut actions on pro-fibrotic mechanisms. Thus, LDE-PTX can be candidate for future clinical trials as adjuvant to peritoneal dialysis to prevent PF development, since this preparation is devoid of toxicity as shown previously.
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Zhou L, Wolfson A, Vaidya AS. Noninvasive methods to reduce cardiac complications postheart transplant. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2022; 27:45-51. [PMID: 34907978 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Long-term success of heart transplantation is limited by allograft rejection and cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV). Classic management has relied on frequent invasive testing to screen for early features of rejection and CAV to allow for early treatment. In this review, we discuss new developments in the screening and prevention of allograft rejection and CAV. RECENT FINDINGS Newer noninvasive screening techniques show excellent sensitivity and specificity for the detection of clinically significant rejection. New biomarkers and treatment targets continue to be identified and await further studies regarding their utility in preventing allograft vasculopathy. SUMMARY Noninvasive imaging and biomarker testing continue to show promise as alternatives to invasive testing for allograft rejection. Continued validation of their effectiveness may lead to new surveillance protocols with reduced frequency of invasive testing. Furthermore, these noninvasive methods will allow for more personalized strategies to reduce the complications of long-term immunosuppression whereas continuing the decline in the overall rate of allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Pepineli R, Santana AC, Silva FMO, Tavoni TM, Stolf NAG, Noronha IL, Maranhão RC. Use of paclitaxel carried in lipid nanoparticles to treat aortic allograft transplantation in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:1092-1100. [PMID: 33950246 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to test whether lipid core nanoparticles loaded with paclitaxel (LDE-PTX) protect rat aortic allograft from immunological damage. METHODS Fisher and Lewis rats were used differing in minor histocompatibility loci. Sixteen Lewis rats were allocated to four-animal groups: SYNG (syngeneic), Lewis rats receiving aorta grafts from Lewis rats; ALLO (allogeneic), Lewis rats receiving aortas from Fisher rats; ALLO+LDE (allogeneic transplant treated with LDE), Lewis rats receiving aortas from Fisher rats, treated with LDE (weekly injection for 3 weeks); ALLO+LDE-PTX (allogeneic transplant treated with LDE-PTX), Lewis rats receiving aortas from Fisher rats treated with LDE-PTX (4 mg/kg weekly for 3 weeks). Treatments began on transplantation day. RESULTS Thirty days post-transplantation, SYNG showed intact aortas. ALLO and ALLO+LDE presented intense neointimal formation. In ALLO+LDE-PTX, treatment inhibited neointimal formation; narrowing of aortic lumen was prevented in ALLO and ALLO+LDE. LDE-PTX strongly inhibited proliferation and intimal invasion by smooth muscle cells, diminished 4-fold presence of apoptotic/dead cells in the intima, reduced the invasion of aorta by macrophages and T-cells and gene expression of pro-inflammatory tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), interferon gamma (IFNγ) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). CONCLUSIONS LDE-PTX was effective in preventing the vasculopathy associated with rejection and may offer a potent therapeutic tool for post-transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Pepineli
- Laboratorio de Nefrologia Celular e Molecular, Divisao de Nefrologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo
| | - Alexandre C Santana
- Laboratorio de Nefrologia Celular e Molecular, Divisao de Nefrologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo
| | - Filipe M O Silva
- Laboratorio de Nefrologia Celular e Molecular, Divisao de Nefrologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo
| | - Thauany M Tavoni
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo
| | - Noedir A G Stolf
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo
| | - Irene L Noronha
- Laboratorio de Nefrologia Celular e Molecular, Divisao de Nefrologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo
| | - Raul C Maranhão
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo.,Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas; Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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5
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Barkat MA, Harshita, Rizwanullah M, Pottoo FH, Beg S, Akhter S, Ahmad FJ. Therapeutic Nanoemulsion: Concept to Delivery. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1145-1166. [PMID: 32183664 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200317140600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanoemulsions (NEs) or nanometric-scaled emulsions are transparent or translucent, optically isotropic and kinetically stable heterogeneous system of two different immiscible liquids namely, water and oil stabilized with an amphiphilic surfactant having droplet size ranges up to 100 nm. They offer a variety of potential interests for certain applications: improved deep-rooted stability; excellent optical clarity; and, enhanced bioavailability due to its nanoscale of particles. Though there is still comparatively narrow insight apropos design, development, and optimization of NEs, which mainly stems from the fact that conventional characteristics of emulsion development and stabilization only partly apply to NEs. The contemporary article focuses on the nanoemulsion dosage form journey from concept to key application in drug delivery. In addition, industrial scalability of the nanoemulsion, as well as its presence in commercial and clinical practice, are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md A Barkat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al Batin, Al Jamiah, Hafr Al Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia
| | - Harshita
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al Batin, Al Jamiah, Hafr Al Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Rizwanullah
- Formulation Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Faheem H Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (Formerly University of Dammam), 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarwar Beg
- Nanomedicine Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Sohail Akhter
- Le Studium research fellow for Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire (CBM)-CNRS, University of Orléans, UPR4301, Orléans, France
| | - Farhan J Ahmad
- Nanomedicine Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Meneghini BC, Tavares ER, Guido MC, Tavoni TM, Stefani HA, Kalil-Filho R, Maranhão RC. Lipid core nanoparticles as vehicle for docetaxel reduces atherosclerotic lesion, inflammation, cell death and proliferation in an atherosclerosis rabbit model. Vascul Pharmacol 2019; 115:46-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Daminelli EN, Fotakis P, Mesquita CH, Maranhão RC, Zannis VI. Tissue Uptake Mechanisms Involved in the Clearance of Non-Protein Nanoparticles that Mimic LDL Composition: A Study with Knockout and Transgenic Mice. Lipids 2017; 52:991-998. [PMID: 29094255 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4306-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipid core nanoparticles (LDE) resembling LDL behave similarly to native LDL when injected in animals or subjects. In contact with plasma, LDE acquires apolipoproteins (apo) E, A-I and C and bind to LDL receptors. LDE can be used to explore LDL metabolism or as a vehicle of drugs directed against tumoral or atherosclerotic sites. The aim was to investigate in knockout (KO) and transgenic mice the plasma clearance and tissue uptake of LDE labeled with 3H-cholesteryl ether. LDE clearance was lower in LDLR KO and apoE KO mice than in wild type (WT) mice (p < 0.05). However, infusion of human apoE3 into the apoE KO mice increased LDE clearance. LDE clearance was higher in apoA-I KO than in WT. In apoA-I transgenic mice, LDE clearance was lower than in apoA-I KO and than in apoA-I KO infusion with human HDL. Infusion of human HDL into the apoA-I KO mice resulted in higher LDE clearance than in the apoA-I transgenic mice (p < 0.05). In apoA-I KO and apoA-I KO infused human HDL, the liver uptake was greater than in WT animals and apoA-I transgenic animals (p < 0.05). LDE clearance was lower in apoE/A-I KO than in WT. Infusion of human HDL increased LDE clearance in those double KO mice. No difference among the groups in LDE uptake by the tissues occurred. In conclusion, results support LDLR and apoE as the key players for LDE clearance, apoA-I also influences those processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine N Daminelli
- Heart Institute (InCor) of the Medical School Hospital, FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Molecular Genetics, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Panagiotis Fotakis
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Molecular Genetics, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School, Crete, Greece
| | - Carlos H Mesquita
- Heart Institute (InCor) of the Medical School Hospital, FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Raul C Maranhão
- Heart Institute (InCor) of the Medical School Hospital, FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. .,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Vassilis I Zannis
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Molecular Genetics, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School, Crete, Greece
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Fiorelli AI, Lourenço-Filho DD, Tavares ER, Carvalho PO, Marques AF, Gutierrez PS, Maranhão RC, Stolf NAG. Methotrexate associated to lipid core nanoparticles improves cardiac allograft vasculopathy and the inflammatory profile in a rabbit heart graft model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 50:e6225. [PMID: 28832763 PMCID: PMC5561808 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20176225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Coronary allograft vasculopathy is an inflammatory-proliferative process that compromises the long-term success of heart transplantation and has no effective treatment. A lipid nanoemulsion (LDE) can carry chemotherapeutic agents in the circulation and concentrates them in the heart graft. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of methotrexate (MTX) associated to LDE. Rabbits fed a 0.5% cholesterol diet and submitted to heterotopic heart transplantation were treated with cyclosporine A (10 mg·kg–1·day–1 orally) and allocated to treatment with intravenous LDE-MTX (4 mg/kg, weekly, n=10) or with weekly intravenous saline solution (control group, n=10), beginning on the day of surgery. Animals were euthanized 6 weeks later. Compared to controls, grafts of LDE-MTX treated rabbits showed 20% reduction of coronary stenosis, with a four-fold increase in vessel lumen and 80% reduction of macrophage staining in grafts. Necrosis was attenuated by LDE-MTX. Native hearts of both LDE-MTX and Control groups were apparently normal. Gene expression of lipoprotein receptors was significantly greater in grafts compared to native hearts. In LDE-MTX group, gene expression of the pro-inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin-18, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and matrix metalloproteinase-12 was strongly diminished whereas expression of anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 increased. LDE-MTX promoted improvement of the cardiac allograft vasculopathy and diminished inflammation in heart grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Fiorelli
- Instituto do Coração, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - D D Lourenço-Filho
- Instituto do Coração, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - E R Tavares
- Instituto do Coração, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - P O Carvalho
- Instituto do Coração, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - A F Marques
- Instituto do Coração, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - P S Gutierrez
- Instituto do Coração, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - R C Maranhão
- Instituto do Coração, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - N A G Stolf
- Instituto do Coração, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Influence of Drugs Carried in Lipid Nanoparticles in Coronary Disease of Rabbit Transplanted Heart. Ann Thorac Surg 2017; 104:577-583. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Nanoemulsion: Concepts, development and applications in drug delivery. J Control Release 2017; 252:28-49. [PMID: 28279798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 599] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanoemulsions are biphasic dispersion of two immiscible liquids: either water in oil (W/O) or oil in water (O/W) droplets stabilized by an amphiphilic surfactant. These come across as ultrafine dispersions whose differential drug loading; viscoelastic as well as visual properties can cater to a wide range of functionalities including drug delivery. However there is still relatively narrow insight regarding development, manufacturing, fabrication and manipulation of nanoemulsions which primarily stems from the fact that conventional aspects of emulsion formation and stabilization only partially apply to nanoemulsions. This general deficiency sets up the premise for current review. We attempt to explore varying intricacies, excipients, manufacturing techniques and their underlying principles, production conditions, structural dynamics, prevalent destabilization mechanisms, and drug delivery applications of nanoemulsions to spike interest of those contemplating a foray in this field.
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Shiozaki AA, Senra T, Morikawa AT, Deus DF, Paladino AT, Pinto IM, Maranhão RC. Treatment of patients with aortic atherosclerotic disease with paclitaxel-associated lipid nanoparticles. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2016; 71:435-9. [PMID: 27626473 PMCID: PMC4975788 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2016(08)05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The toxicity of anti-cancer chemotherapeutic agents can be reduced by associating these compounds, such as the anti-proliferative agent paclitaxel, with a cholesterol-rich nanoemulsion (LDE) that mimics the lipid composition of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). When injected into circulation, the LDE concentrates the carried drugs in neoplastic tissues and atherosclerotic lesions. In rabbits, atherosclerotic lesion size was reduced by 65% following LDE-paclitaxel treatment. The current study aimed to test the effectiveness of LDE-paclitaxel on inpatients with aortic atherosclerosis. METHODS This study tested a 175 mg/m2 body surface area dose of LDE-paclitaxel (intravenous administration, 3/3 weeks for 6 cycles) in patients with aortic atherosclerosis who were aged between 69 and 86 yrs. A control group of 9 untreated patients with aortic atherosclerosis (72-83 yrs) was also observed. RESULTS The LDE-paclitaxel treatment elicited no important clinical or laboratory toxicities. Images were acquired via multiple detector computer tomography angiography (64-slice scanner) before treatment and at 1-2 months after treatment. The images showed that the mean plaque volume in the aortic artery wall was reduced in 4 of the 8 patients, while in 3 patients it remained unchanged and in one patient it increased. In the control group, images were acquired twice with an interval of 6-8 months. None of the patients in this group exhibited a reduction in plaque volume; in contrast, the plaque volume increased in three patients and remained stable in four patients. During the study period, one death unrelated to the treatment occurred in the LDE-paclitaxel group and one death occurred in the control group. CONCLUSION Treatment with LDE-paclitaxel was tolerated by patients with cardiovascular disease and showed the potential to reduce atherosclerotic lesion size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afonso A. Shiozaki
- Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Lípides - Instituto do Coração (InCor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
- Hospital Maringá, Maringá/Paraná, Brazil
| | - Tiago Senra
- Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Aleksandra T. Morikawa
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Lípides - Instituto do Coração (InCor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Débora F. Deus
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Lípides - Instituto do Coração (InCor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Raul C. Maranhão
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Lípides - Instituto do Coração (InCor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
- E-mail:
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Kretzer IF, Maria DA, Guido MC, Contente TC, Maranhão RC. Simvastatin increases the antineoplastic actions of paclitaxel carried in lipid nanoemulsions in melanoma-bearing mice. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:885-904. [PMID: 27022257 PMCID: PMC4788363 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s88546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Lipid nanoemulsions (LDEs) that bind to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors used as carriers of paclitaxel (PTX) can decrease toxicity and increase PTX antitumoral action. The administration of simvastatin (Simva), which lowers LDL-cholesterol, was tested as an adjuvant to commercial PTX and to PTX associated with LDE (LDE-PTX). MATERIALS AND METHODS B16F10 melanoma-bearing mice were treated with saline solution or LDE (controls), Simva, PTX, PTX and Simva, LDE-PTX, and LDE-PTX and Simva: PTX dose 17.5 μmol/kg (three intraperitoneal injections, 3 alternate days): Simva 50 mg/kg/day by gavage, 9 consecutive days. RESULTS Compared with saline controls, 95% tumor-growth inhibition was achieved by LDE-PTX and Simva, 61% by LDE-PTX, 44% by PTX and Simva, and 43% by PTX. Simva alone had no effect. Metastasis developed in only 37% of the LDE-PTX and Simva, 60% in LDE-PTX, and 90% in PTX and Simva groups. Survival rates were higher in LDE-PTX and Simva and in LDE-PTX groups. The LDE-PTX and Simva group presented tumors with reduced cellular density and increased collagen fibers I and III. Tumors from all groups showed reduction in immunohistochemical expression of ICAM, MCP-1, and MMP-9; LDE-PTX and Simva presented the lowest MMP-9 expression. Expression of p21 was increased in the Simva, LDE-PTX, and LDE-PTX and Simva groups. In the Simva and LDE-PTX and Simva groups, expression of cyclin D1, a proliferation and survival promoter of tumor cells, was decreased. Therapy with LDE-PTX and Simva showed negligible toxicity compared with PTX and Simva, which resulted in weight loss and myelosuppression. CONCLUSION Simva increased the antitumor activity of PTX carried in LDE but not of PTX commercial presentation, possibly because statins increase the expression of LDL receptors that internalize LDE-PTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iara F Kretzer
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Lipids, Heart Institute of the Medical School Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Durvanei A Maria
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Laboratories, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria C Guido
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Lipids, Heart Institute of the Medical School Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaís C Contente
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Lipids, Heart Institute of the Medical School Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raul C Maranhão
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Lipids, Heart Institute of the Medical School Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pathophysiologie der arteriellen Gefäßerkrankung und neue Therapieansätze. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HERZ THORAX UND GEFASSCHIRURGIE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00398-015-0025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Lu W, Zheng J, Pan XD, Li B, Zhang JW, Wang LF, Sun LZ. A new simplified volume-loaded heterotopic rabbit heart transplant model with improved techniques and a standard operating procedure. J Thorac Dis 2015; 7:653-61. [PMID: 25973231 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.03.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The classic non-working (NW) heterotopic heart transplant (HTX) model in rodents had been widely used for researches related to immunology, graft rejection, evaluation of immunosuppressive therapies and organ preservation. But unloaded models are considered not suitable for some researches. Accordingly, We have constructed a volume-loaded (VL) model by a new and simple technique. METHODS Thirty male New Zealand White rabbits were randomly divided into two groups, group NW with 14 rabbits and group VL with 16 rabbits, which served as donors and recipients. We created a large and nonrestrictive shunt to provide left heart a sufficient preload. The donor superior vena cave and ascending aorta (AO) were anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta (AAO) and inferior vena cava (IVC), respectively. RESULTS No animals suffered from paralysis, pneumonia and lethal bleeding. Recipients' mortality and morbidity were 6.7% (1/15) and 13.3% (2/15), respectively. The cold ischemia time in group VL is slight longer than that in group NW. The maximal aortic velocity (MAV) of donor heart was approximately equivalent to half that of native heart in group VL. Moreover, the similar result was achieved in the parameter of late diastolic mitral inflow velocity between donor heart and native heart in group VL. The echocardiography (ECHO) showed a bidirectional flow in donor SVC of VL model, inflow during diastole and outflow during systole. PET-CT imaging showed the standard uptake value (SUV) of allograft was equal to that of native heart in both groups on the postoperative day 3. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a new VL model in rabbits, which imitates a native heart hemodynamically while only requiring a minor additional procedure. Surgical technique is simple compared with currently used HTX models. We also developed a standard operating procedure that significantly improved graft and recipient survival rate. This study may be useful for investigations in transplantation in which a working model is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- 1 Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China ; 2 Department of Pediatric Heart center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- 1 Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China ; 2 Department of Pediatric Heart center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xu-Dong Pan
- 1 Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China ; 2 Department of Pediatric Heart center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bing Li
- 1 Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China ; 2 Department of Pediatric Heart center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jin-Wei Zhang
- 1 Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China ; 2 Department of Pediatric Heart center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Long-Fei Wang
- 1 Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China ; 2 Department of Pediatric Heart center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Li-Zhong Sun
- 1 Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China ; 2 Department of Pediatric Heart center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
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15
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A lipid nanoemulsion carrying paclitaxel improves the gene expression of inflammatory factors of heart grafts in rabbits. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015; 148:1765-6. [PMID: 25260290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Maranhão RC, Tavares ER. Advances in non-invasive drug delivery for atherosclerotic heart disease. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 12:1135-47. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.999663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Jiang X, Tian W, Sung YK, Qian J, Nicolls MR. Macrophages in solid organ transplantation. Vasc Cell 2014; 6:5. [PMID: 24612731 PMCID: PMC3975229 DOI: 10.1186/2045-824x-6-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are highly plastic hematopoietic cells with diversified functions related to their anatomic location and differentiation states. A number of recent studies have examined the role of macrophages in solid organ transplantation. These studies show that macrophages can induce allograft injury but, conversely, can also promote tissue repair in ischemia-reperfusion injury and acute rejection. Therapeutic strategies that target macrophages to improve outcomes in solid organ transplant recipients are being examined in preclinical and clinical models. In this review, we discuss the role of macrophages in different types of injury and rejection, with a focus on macrophage-mediated tissue injury, specifically vascular injury, repair and remodeling. We also discuss emerging macrophage-centered therapeutic opportunities in solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinguo Jiang
- Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System/Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
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18
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Potential of lipid nanoemulsion for drug delivery of cholesteryl-hexahydrophthaloyl-5-fluorouracil. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(14)50088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Occhiutto ML, Freitas FR, Maranhao RC, Costa VP. Breakdown of the blood-ocular barrier as a strategy for the systemic use of nanosystems. Pharmaceutics 2012; 4:252-75. [PMID: 24300231 PMCID: PMC3834913 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics4020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several drug delivery systems have been proposed to overcome physiological barriers, improving ocular bioavailability. Systemic routes are seldom used due to the blood-ocular barrier. Novel drug delivery systems based on nanotechnology techniques have been developed to overcome ocular physiological barriers. This non-systematic review suggests the utilization of a transitory blood-ocular breakdown to allow the access of drugs by nanotechnology drug delivery systems via the systemic route. We discuss the possible ways to cause the breakdown of the blood-ocular barrier: acute inflammation caused by intraocular surgery, induced ocular hypotony, and the use of inflammatory mediators. The suitability of use of the systemic route and its toxic effects are also discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo L. Occhiutto
- Heart Institute, Medical School Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (M.L.O.); (F.R.F.); (R.C.M.)
| | - Fatima R. Freitas
- Heart Institute, Medical School Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (M.L.O.); (F.R.F.); (R.C.M.)
| | - Raul C. Maranhao
- Heart Institute, Medical School Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (M.L.O.); (F.R.F.); (R.C.M.)
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Vital P. Costa
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-887, Brazil
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