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Edwards AL, Wilcox CM, Beasley M, Pamboukian SV, Mannon P, Peter S. Gastrointestinal bleeding and pro-angiogenic shift in the angiopoietin axis with continuous flow left ventricular assist device implantation. Am J Med Sci 2023; 366:278-285. [PMID: 37506847 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) affects up to 40% of continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) recipients. A higher risk of GIB is seen in CF-LVAD recipients with lower device pulsatility without a known mechanism. One hypothesis is that the novel hemodynamics in CF-LVAD recipients affect angiogenesis signaling. We aimed to (1) measure serum levels of angiopoietin (Ang)-1, Ang-2, and VEGF-A in CF-LVAD recipients with and without GIB and in healthy controls and (2) evaluate correlations of those levels with hemodynamics. METHODS We recruited 12 patients with CF-LVADs (six who developed GIB after device implantation) along with 12 age-matched controls without heart failure or GIB and measured Ang-1, Ang-2, and VEGF-A levels in serum samples from each patient. RESULTS CF-LVAD recipients had significantly higher Ang-2 and lower Ang-1 levels compared to controls with no difference in VEGF-A levels. CF-LVAD recipients with GIB had lower Ang-1 levels than those without GIB. There were trends for pulse pressure to be positively correlated with Ang-1 levels and negatively correlated with Ang-2 levels in CF-LVAD recipients with no correlation observed in healthy controls. CONCLUSION CF-LVAD recipients demonstrated a shift toward a pro-angiogenic phenotype in the angiopoietin axis that is significantly associated with GIB and may be linked to low pulse pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam L Edwards
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - C Mel Wilcox
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Mark Beasley
- School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Salpy V Pamboukian
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Peter Mannon
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Shajan Peter
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Del Rio-Pertuz G, Nair N. Gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices: A comprehensive review. Artif Organs 2023; 47:12-23. [PMID: 36334280 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal bleeding is a major cause of morbidity that plagues the quality of life of patients supported on contemporary continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (CF-LVADs). Despite benefits in survival and the nearly 50% reduction in complications provided by CF-LVADs, bleeding remains one of the most frequent adverse events with CF-LVAD implants. The CF-LVADs cause an increased risk of bleeding mainly due to the activation of the coagulation cascade. METHODS A literature search was done using PubMed and Google Scholar from Inception to February 2022. Qualitative analyses of the articles retrieved were used to construct this review. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive summary of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk stratification, and management of gastrointestinal bleeding as a complication of CF-LVAD as well as propose an algorithm for diagnosis and treatment. RESULTS Bleeding can occur at different sites in the gastrointestinal tract, the most common underlying pathology being arteriovenous malformations located in the upper gastrointestinal tract The increased prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in CF-LVAD patients has been attributed to the physiology of the LVAD itself, the use of anticoagulants, as well as patient comorbidities. Management involves pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic strategies. CONCLUSIONS CF-LVAD-supported patients have a significant risk of GI bleeding that is mainly caused by arteriovenous malformations located in the upper GI tract. The increased prevalence of GI bleeding in CF-LVAD patients is attributed to several etiologies that include factors attributed to the device itself and extrinsic factors such as the use of anticoagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaspar Del Rio-Pertuz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Nandini Nair
- Division of Cardiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Jakstaite AM, Luedike P, Schmack B, Pizanis N, Riebisch M, Weymann A, Kamler M, Ruhparwar A, Rassaf T, Papathanasiou M. Increased bleeding risk with phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors after left ventricular assist device implantation. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 8:2419-2427. [PMID: 33821578 PMCID: PMC8318463 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Therapy with phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation has been associated with lower mortality and device thrombosis but increased risk for post‐operative and gastrointestinal bleeding. We aimed to evaluate the impact of long‐term PDE5Is on the overall bleeding risk after LVAD implantation. Methods and results We retrospectively included patients who received a continuous‐flow LVAD at our site and were prescribed with long‐term oral PDE5Is after discharge from the index hospitalization. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of bleeding at 12 month follow‐up. Secondary endpoints were all‐cause death and the combination of bleeding and all‐cause death. Our analysis included 109 patients of whom 75 (69%) received long‐term PDE5Is. Mean age was 56 years, and 85% were male. At 12 months, 19 (17%) patients experienced at least one bleeding event. Patients on PDE5Is had higher bleeding rates (23% vs. 6%, P = 0.03) and more bleeding events per patient‐year (0.32 vs. 0.06, P = 0.03) compared with patients not on PDE5Is. While overall bleeding incidence was excessively higher in the PDE5I group, there were no significant differences in the incidence of major bleeding (19% vs. 6%, P = 0.08) and gastrointestinal bleeding (11% vs. 3%, P = 0.18). Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed higher cumulative incidence of bleeding for the PDE5I group (log rank = 0.04) with no difference on all‐cause death (log rank = 0.67) and the combination of bleeding and all‐cause death (log rank = 0.13). Hospitalizations for bleeding and their duration were numerically higher in the PDE5I group (0.28 vs. 0.03, P = 0.07 and 2.4 vs. 0.2, P = 0.07, respectively). Conclusions Phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitor treatment after LVAD implantation is associated with increased bleeding risk after LVAD implantation. The safety of long‐term PDE5Is in LVAD patients remains unclear and needs to be further clarified in prospective studies with randomized study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiste-Monika Jakstaite
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, Essen, 45147, Germany
| | - Peter Luedike
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, Essen, 45147, Germany
| | - Bastian Schmack
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, Essen, 45147, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Pizanis
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, Essen, 45147, Germany
| | - Matthias Riebisch
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, Essen, 45147, Germany
| | - Alexander Weymann
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, Essen, 45147, Germany
| | - Markus Kamler
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, Essen, 45147, Germany
| | - Arjang Ruhparwar
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, Essen, 45147, Germany
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, Essen, 45147, Germany
| | - Maria Papathanasiou
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, Essen, 45147, Germany
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4
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Bartoli CR, Zhang DM, Hennessy-Strahs S, Kang J, Restle DJ, Bermudez C, Atluri P, Acker MA. Clinical and In Vitro Evidence That Left Ventricular Assist Device-Induced von Willebrand Factor Degradation Alters Angiogenesis. Circ Heart Fail 2019; 11:e004638. [PMID: 30354363 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.117.004638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Gastrointestinal bleeding from angiodysplasia is a major problem in continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD) patients. LVAD shear stress causes pathologic degradation of VWF (von Willebrand factor). A mechanistic relationship between VWF degradation and angiodysplasia has not been explored. We tested 2 novel hypotheses: (1) clinical hypothesis: VWF fragments are elevated in LVAD patients that develop angiodysplasia and (2) in vitro hypothesis: VWF fragments generated during LVAD support alter angiogenesis, which may contribute to angiodysplasia. Methods and Results Clinical study: Paired blood samples were collected from continuous-flow LVAD patients (n=35). VWF was quantified with immunoblotting. In vitro experiments: (1) To investigate whether LVAD support alters angiogenesis, human endothelial cells were cultured with LVAD patient plasma (n=11). To investigate mechanism, endothelial cells were cultured with VWF fragments produced by exposing human VWF and ADAMTS-13 (VWF protease) to LVAD-like shear stress (175 dyne/cm2, n=8). Clinical study results: in all patients (n=35, mean support 666±430 days), LVAD support degraded high-molecular-weight VWF multimers ( P<0.0001) into low-molecular-weight VWF multimers ( P<0.0001) and VWF fragments ( P<0.0001). In patients with gastrointestinal bleeding from angiodysplasia (n=7), VWF fragments were elevated ( P=0.02) versus nonbleeders. In contrast, in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding without angiodysplasia, VWF fragments were not elevated versus nonbleeders ( P=0.96). In vitro experiments results: LVAD patient plasma caused abnormal angiogenesis with reduced tubule length ( P=0.04) and migration ( P=0.05). Similarly, endothelial cells grown with VWF degradation fragments exhibited reduced tubule length ( P<0.001) and migration ( P=0.01). Conclusions LVAD patients who bled from angiodysplasia had higher levels of VWF fragments than nonbleeders and gastrointestinal bleeders without angiodysplasia. VWF fragments caused abnormal angiogenesis in vitro. These findings suggest that VWF fragments may be a mechanistic link between LVAD support, abnormal angiogenesis, angiodysplasia, and gastrointestinal bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo R Bartoli
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (C.R.B., S.H.-S., C.B., P.A., M.A.A.)
| | - David M Zhang
- Washington University, School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (D.M.Z.)
| | - Samson Hennessy-Strahs
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (C.R.B., S.H.-S., C.B., P.A., M.A.A.)
| | - Jooeun Kang
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (J.K.)
| | | | - Christian Bermudez
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (C.R.B., S.H.-S., C.B., P.A., M.A.A.)
| | - Pavan Atluri
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (C.R.B., S.H.-S., C.B., P.A., M.A.A.)
| | - Michael A Acker
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (C.R.B., S.H.-S., C.B., P.A., M.A.A.)
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5
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Left ventricular assist device as destination therapy for end stage heart failure: the right time for the right patients. Curr Opin Cardiol 2019; 33:196-201. [PMID: 29319565 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000000486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiac transplantation is the gold standard treatment for patients with end-stage heart failure. Unfortunately, the demand for donor organs far outstrips the number of available hearts. Therefore, not all patients who can benefit from this therapy are even listed for transplant. Once destination therapy was approved for the long-term support of nontransplant eligible patients, it was felt that the number of durable ventricular assist device (VAD) implants would increase. It was not until the current generation continuous-flow VADs became available that the number of DT-VAD implants grew significantly. The purpose of this manuscript is to review current indications and outcomes following durable VAD implant for destination therapy. RECENT FINDINGS In 2014, DT-VADs accounted for 46% of all implants. A propensity-matched analysis showed that 1-year and 2-year survival rates were similar between LVADs and cardiac transplantation. Likely because of their younger age and lack of comorbidities, survival after VAD implant in transplant eligible patients remains higher than after DT-VAD implant. However, the survival differences are narrowing. Although the rates of LVAD-related adverse events continue to be high, studies such as the PREVENT trial have proven that strict adherence to management protocols can reduce event rates. SUMMARY Improvements in device technology as well as patient selection and management have led to improved medium term (2-4 years) survival after VAD implant in nontransplant eligible patients. We anticipate that this technology will soon be a reasonable and competitive alternative to conventional heart transplantation.
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6
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Miyamoto T, Karimov JH, Fukamachi K. Acute and chronic effects of continuous‐flow support and pulsatile‐flow support. Artif Organs 2019; 43:618-623. [DOI: 10.1111/aor.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Miyamoto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio
| | - Jamshid H. Karimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio
| | - Kiyotaka Fukamachi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio
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7
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Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Left Ventricular Assist Device: Octreotide and Other Treatment Modalities. ASAIO J 2019; 64:433-439. [PMID: 29406356 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000000758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) offer a therapeutic strategy for patients with end-stage heart failure. Increased device utilization has also increased the incidence of device-related complications including gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). Multiple mechanisms have been proposed in the pathophysiology of continuous-flow LVAD-associated GIB including physiologic changes associated with high shear and nonpulsatile flow such as gastrointestinal arteriovenous malformations and acquired von Willebrand syndrome. Strategies to minimize the morbidity and mortality of LVAD-associated GIB are needed. Octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, has been described as an adjunct to current therapies and interventions. Factors that contribute to LVAD-associated GIB may be targeted by the pharmacologic effects of octreotide, including improved platelet aggregation, increased vascular resistance, and decreased splanchnic circulation. Octreotide has demonstrated clinical benefit in several case series and clinical trials for the treatment of LVAD-associated GIB. The focus of this article will be to review the pathophysiology of LVAD-associated GIB, discuss pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment modalities, and review available literature on the role of octreotide in the management of LVAD-associated GIB.
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8
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9
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Kim JH, Brophy DF, Shah KB. Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device–Related Gastrointestinal Bleeding. Cardiol Clin 2018; 36:519-529. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccl.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Geisen U, Brehm K, Trummer G, Berchtold-Herz M, Heilmann C, Beyersdorf F, Schelling J, Schlagenhauf A, Zieger B. Platelet Secretion Defects and Acquired von Willebrand Syndrome in Patients With Ventricular Assist Devices. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.117.006519. [PMID: 29331958 PMCID: PMC5850142 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The number of implanted ventricular assist devices (VADs) has increased significantly recently. Bleeding, the most frequent complication, cannot be solely attributed to anticoagulation therapy. Acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS) caused by increased shear stress is frequent in VAD patients and can increase the bleeding risk. The HeartMate III (HM III) is a novel left VAD featuring potential improvements over the HeartMate II. Methods and Results In this study, we investigated the prevalence and onset of AVWS in 198 VAD patients. To our knowledge, this is the largest cohort of VAD patients whose longitudinal data on AVWS have been collected. We also analyzed whether AVWS is less severe in HM III patients than in HeartMate II patients. Because platelet dysfunction can raise the bleeding risk, we investigated platelet function in a subset of patients. In total, 198 VAD patients and 60 patients with heart transplants as controls were included in this study. The ratio of von Willebrand factor collagen binding capacity to von Willebrand factor:antigen, multimer analyses, and platelet function (especially secretion of α‐ and δ‐granules) were investigated. All 198 VAD patients developed AVWS. As soon as the VAD was explanted, the AVWS disappeared within hours. AVWS was less severe in the HM III patients than in the HeartMate II patients. The HM III patients had fewer bleeding symptoms. In addition, VAD patients exhibited a platelet α‐ and δ‐granule secretion defect. Conclusions AVWS develops in VAD patients and may increase the bleeding risk. The HM III device causes less severe AVWS. Platelet secretion defects should be investigated in VAD patients because they also raise the bleeding risk. Clinical Trial Registration https://www.drks.de/drks_web. Unique identifier: DRKS00000649.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Geisen
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Brehm
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Trummer
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Berchtold-Herz
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Heilmann
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Friedhelm Beyersdorf
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Schelling
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Axel Schlagenhauf
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Zieger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
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11
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Kang J, Hennessy-Strahs S, Kwiatkowski P, Bermudez CA, Acker MA, Atluri P, McConnell PI, Bartoli CR. Continuous-Flow LVAD Support Causes a Distinct Form of Intestinal Angiodysplasia. Circ Res 2017; 121:963-969. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.310848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rationale:
The objective of this autopsy study was to determine whether gastrointestinal angiodysplasia develops during continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support.
Objective:
LVAD support causes pathologic degradation of von Willebrand factor (vWF) and bleeding from gastrointestinal angiodysplasia at an alarming rate. It has been speculated that LVAD support itself may cause angiodysplasia. The relationship to abnormal vWF metabolism is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that abnormal gastrointestinal vascularity develops during continuous-flow LVAD support.
Methods and Results:
Small bowel was obtained from deceased humans, cows, and sheep supported with a continuous-flow LVAD (n=9 LVAD, n=11 control). Transmural sections of jejunum were stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate–conjugated isolectin-B4 for endothelium to demarcate vascular structures and quantify intestinal vascularity. Paired plasma samples were obtained from humans before LVAD implantation and during LVAD support (n=41). vWF multimers and degradation fragments were quantified with agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. Abnormal vascular architecture was observed in the submucosa of the jejunum of human patients, cows, and sheep supported with a continuous-flow LVAD. Intestinal vascularity was significantly higher after LVAD support versus controls (5.2±1.0% versus 2.1±0.4%,
P
=0.004). LVAD support caused significant degradation of high–molecular-weight vWF multimers (–9±1%,
P
<0.0001) and accumulation of low–molecular-weight vWF multimers (+40±5%,
P
<0.0001) and vWF degradation fragments (+53±6%,
P
<0.0001).
Conclusions:
Abnormal intestinal vascular architecture and LVAD-associated vWF degradation were consistent findings in multiple species supported with a continuous-flow LVAD. These are the first direct evidence that LVAD support causes gastrointestinal angiodysplasia. Pathologic vWF metabolism may be a mechanistic link between LVAD support, abnormal angiogenesis, gastrointestinal angiodysplasia, and bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooeun Kang
- From the MD/PhD Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (J.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.K., S.H.-S., C.A.B., M.A.A., P.A., C.R.B.); and The Ohio State University, Columbus (P.K., P.I.M.)
| | - Samson Hennessy-Strahs
- From the MD/PhD Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (J.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.K., S.H.-S., C.A.B., M.A.A., P.A., C.R.B.); and The Ohio State University, Columbus (P.K., P.I.M.)
| | - Pawel Kwiatkowski
- From the MD/PhD Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (J.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.K., S.H.-S., C.A.B., M.A.A., P.A., C.R.B.); and The Ohio State University, Columbus (P.K., P.I.M.)
| | - Christian A. Bermudez
- From the MD/PhD Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (J.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.K., S.H.-S., C.A.B., M.A.A., P.A., C.R.B.); and The Ohio State University, Columbus (P.K., P.I.M.)
| | - Michael A. Acker
- From the MD/PhD Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (J.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.K., S.H.-S., C.A.B., M.A.A., P.A., C.R.B.); and The Ohio State University, Columbus (P.K., P.I.M.)
| | - Pavan Atluri
- From the MD/PhD Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (J.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.K., S.H.-S., C.A.B., M.A.A., P.A., C.R.B.); and The Ohio State University, Columbus (P.K., P.I.M.)
| | - Patrick I. McConnell
- From the MD/PhD Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (J.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.K., S.H.-S., C.A.B., M.A.A., P.A., C.R.B.); and The Ohio State University, Columbus (P.K., P.I.M.)
| | - Carlo R. Bartoli
- From the MD/PhD Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (J.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.K., S.H.-S., C.A.B., M.A.A., P.A., C.R.B.); and The Ohio State University, Columbus (P.K., P.I.M.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Juglans Alvarez
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vivek Rao
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Evans AS, Mazzeffi M, Ivascu N, Noguera E, Gutsche J. Noteworthy Literature Published in 2016 for Cardiothoracic Critical Care. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2017; 21:23-29. [PMID: 28128019 DOI: 10.1177/1089253216687859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In 2016, demand for the presence of cardiothoracic anesthesiologists outside of the cardiac operating rooms continues to expand. This article is the second in this annual series to review relevant contributions in postoperative cardiac critical care that may impact the cardiac anesthesiologist. We explore the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), management of postoperative atrial fibrillation, coagulopathy, respiratory failure, and role of quality in cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Evans
- 1 Cleveland Clinic Florida, Department of Anesthesiology
| | - Michael Mazzeffi
- 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland
| | - Natalia Ivascu
- 3 Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - Edward Noguera
- 1 Cleveland Clinic Florida, Department of Anesthesiology.,5 Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jacob Gutsche
- 4 Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania
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14
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Grosman-Rimon L, Rao V. Elucidating the intricate mechanisms of gastrointestinal bleeding in a continuous-flow left ventricular assist device will lead to future therapeutic targets. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016; 152:290. [PMID: 27343921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivek Rao
- Cardiovascular Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Spiliopoulos S, Koerfer R, Tenderich G. Occult bleeding in left ventricular assist device recipients: It is the patient rather than the pump. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016; 152:289-90. [PMID: 27343920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios Spiliopoulos
- Department for the Surgical Therapy of End-Stage Heart Failure and Mechanical Circulatory Support, Heart and Vascular Center Duisburg, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Reiner Koerfer
- Department for the Surgical Therapy of End-Stage Heart Failure and Mechanical Circulatory Support, Heart and Vascular Center Duisburg, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Gero Tenderich
- Department for the Surgical Therapy of End-Stage Heart Failure and Mechanical Circulatory Support, Heart and Vascular Center Duisburg, Duisburg, Germany
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16
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Stansfield WE, Rao V. HeartMate 3: Facing the challenge of past success. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016; 152:683-5. [PMID: 27210469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivek Rao
- University of Toronto, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Da Silva M, MacIver J, Rodger M, Jaffer M, Raju S, Billia F, Rao V. Readmissions Following Implantation of a Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device. J Card Surg 2016; 31:361-4. [DOI: 10.1111/jocs.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Da Silva
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre; Toronto General Hospital; University Health Network; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Jane MacIver
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre; Toronto General Hospital; University Health Network; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Marnie Rodger
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre; Toronto General Hospital; University Health Network; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Munira Jaffer
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre; Toronto General Hospital; University Health Network; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Sneha Raju
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre; Toronto General Hospital; University Health Network; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Filio Billia
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre; Toronto General Hospital; University Health Network; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Vivek Rao
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre; Toronto General Hospital; University Health Network; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
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18
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Crestanello JA. Gastrointestinal bleeding after left ventricular assist device implantation: It is all about the platelets. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015; 151:228-9. [PMID: 26520011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Crestanello
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Richard M. Ross Heart Hospital, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
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