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Ko SH, Jun JH, Oh JE, Shin E, Kwak YL, Shim JK. Effect of high-dose vitamin C on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116407. [PMID: 38460367 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury frequently occurs after cardiac surgery, and is primarily attributed to renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and inflammation from surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass. Vitamin C, an antioxidant that is often depleted in critically ill patients, could potentially mitigate I/R-induced oxidative stress at high doses. We investigated the effectiveness of high-dose vitamin C in preventing I/R-induced renal injury. The ideal time and optimal dosage for administration were determined in a two-phase experiment on Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were assigned to four groups: sham, IRC (I/R + saline), and pre- and post-vitC (vitamin C before and after I/R, respectively), with vitamin C administered at 200 mg/kg. Additional groups were examined for dose modification based on the optimal timing determined: V100, V200, and V300 (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg, respectively). Renal I/R was achieved through 45 min of ischemia followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Vitamin C administration during reperfusion significantly reduced renal dysfunction and tubular damage, more than pre-ischemic administration. Doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg during reperfusion reduced oxidative stress markers, including myeloperoxidase and inflammatory responses by decreasing high mobility group box 1 release and nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor 3 inflammasome. Overall beneficial effect was most prominent with 200 mg/kg. The 300 mg/kg dose, however, showed no additional benefits over the IRC group regarding serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels and histological evaluation. During reperfusion, high-dose vitamin C administration (200 mg/kg) significantly decreased renal I/R injury by effectively attenuating the major triggers of oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Hee Ko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, the Republic of Korea; Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, the Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hae Jun
- Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, the Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Eun Oh
- Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, the Republic of Korea
| | - Eunah Shin
- Department of Pathology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 363, Dongbaekjukjeon‑daero, Giheung‑gu, Yongin‑si, Gyeonggi‑do 16995, the Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Lan Kwak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, the Republic of Korea; Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, the Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kwang Shim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, the Republic of Korea; Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, the Republic of Korea.
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Tang W, Wei Q. The metabolic pathway regulation in kidney injury and repair. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1344271. [PMID: 38283280 PMCID: PMC10811252 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1344271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Kidney injury and repair are accompanied by significant disruptions in metabolic pathways, leading to renal cell dysfunction and further contributing to the progression of renal pathology. This review outlines the complex involvement of various energy production pathways in glucose, lipid, amino acid, and ketone body metabolism within the kidney. We provide a comprehensive summary of the aberrant regulation of these metabolic pathways in kidney injury and repair. After acute kidney injury (AKI), there is notable mitochondrial damage and oxygen/nutrient deprivation, leading to reduced activity in glycolysis and mitochondrial bioenergetics. Additionally, disruptions occur in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), amino acid metabolism, and the supply of ketone bodies. The subsequent kidney repair phase is characterized by a metabolic shift toward glycolysis, along with decreased fatty acid β-oxidation and continued disturbances in amino acid metabolism. Furthermore, the impact of metabolism dysfunction on renal cell injury, regeneration, and the development of renal fibrosis is analyzed. Finally, we discuss the potential therapeutic strategies by targeting renal metabolic regulation to ameliorate kidney injury and fibrosis and promote kidney repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Tang
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Qingqing Wei
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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Ülger P, Yildiz E, Tyczynski B, Findeisen H, Kribben A, Janssen OE, Herget-Rosenthal S. Effect of stress hyperglycaemia on acute kidney injury in non-diabetic critically ill patients? Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:3253-3259. [PMID: 37160486 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03612-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress hyperglycaemia (SH) and acute kidney injury (AKI) occur frequently in critically ill patients, and particularly non-diabetics are associated with adverse outcome. Data is scarce on the effect of SH on AKI. We assessed whether SH (i) preceded AKI, (ii) was a risk factor of subsequent AKI, and (iii) how SH and tubular injury interacted in AKI development in critically ill, non-diabetics. METHODS Case-control study of 82 patients each with and without SH matched by propensity score for multiple demographic characteristics. AKI was defined by KDIGO criteria, SH either as blood glucose (BG) > 140 mg/dl (BG140), > 200 mg/dl (BG200), or stress hyperglycemia rate (SHR) ≥ 1.47 (SHR1.47) as measured 2 days before AKI. Urinary cystatin C and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) indicated tubular injury. RESULTS In AKI, SH rates were frequent using all 3 definitions applied, but highest when BG140 was applied. SH by all 3 definitions was consistently associated with AKI. This was independent of established risk factors of AKI such as sepsis and shock. Increments of BG, urinary NGAL or cystatin C, and its products, were independently associated with the likelihood of subsequent AKI, demonstrating their reciprocal potentiating effects on AKI development. CONCLUSIONS SH is frequent in critically ill, non-diabetics with AKI. SH was identified as an independent risk factor of AKI. Higher BG combined with tubular injury may potentiate their adverse effects on AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perihan Ülger
- Department of Nephrology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ebru Yildiz
- Department of Nephrology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Hajo Findeisen
- Department of Medicine, Rotes Kreuz Krankenhaus, St. Pauli Deich 24, 28199, Bremen, Germany
| | - Andreas Kribben
- Department of Nephrology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Onno E Janssen
- Endokrinologikum, and Asklepios Medical School, Hamburg, Germany
- Subsidiary of the Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Stefan Herget-Rosenthal
- Department of Nephrology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
- Department of Medicine, Rotes Kreuz Krankenhaus, St. Pauli Deich 24, 28199, Bremen, Germany.
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Arbutin abrogates testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats through repression of inflammation and ER stress. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102056. [PMID: 36921493 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of arbutin (ARB) administration on oxidative stress, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis in an experimental testicular torsion/detorsion (T/D)-induced testicular injury model for the first time. A total of 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups with six rats in each group: sham control, T/D, T/D+ARB (50 mg/kg) and T/D+ARB (100 mg/kg). Torsion and detorsion times were applied as 4 h and 2 h, respectively. The levels of lipid peroxidation [malondialdehyde (MDA)] and oxidative stress [total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS)] in testicular tissues were determined using colorimetric methods. The levels of DNA damage [8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)], antioxidant system [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)], pro-inflammatory cytokines [high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), nuclear factor kappa B protein 65 (NF-κB p65), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and myeloperoxidase (MPO)], ER stress [78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP)] and apoptosis (caspase-3) markers in testicular tissues were determined using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Johnsen's testicle scoring system was used for histological evaluation. In the T/D group, it was determined that statistically significant increasing in the levels of oxidative stress, inflammation, ER stress and apoptosis compared with sham control group (p < 0.05). ARB administrations statistically significantly restored testicular I/R damage in a dose dependent manner (p < 0.05). In addition, it was determined that the data of histological examinations supported the biochemical results. Our findings support the hypothesis that ARB may be used as a protective agent against T/D-induced testicular damage.
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Fan R, Wang L, Botchway BOA, Zhang Y, Liu X. Protective role of ethyl pyruvate in spinal cord injury by inhibiting the high mobility group box-1/toll-like receptor4/nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1013033. [PMID: 36187352 PMCID: PMC9524569 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1013033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a high incident rate of central nervous system disease that usually causes paralysis below the injured level. The occurrence of chronic inflammation with the axonal regeneration difficulties are the underlying barriers for the recovery of SCI patients. Current studies have paid attention to controlling the instigative and developmental process of neuro-inflammation. Ethyl pyruvate, as a derivative of pyruvate, has strong anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective functions. Herein, we reviewed the recent studies of ethyl pyruvate and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1). We think HMGB1 that is one of the main nuclear protein mediators to cause an inflammatory response. This protein induces astrocytic activation, and promotes glial scar formation. Interestingly, ethyl pyruvate has potent inhibitory effects on HMGB1 protein, as it inhibits chronic inflammatory response by modulating the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. This paper discusses the potential mechanism of ethyl pyruvate in inhibiting chronic inflammation after SCI. Ethyl pyruvate can be a prospective therapeutic agent for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Fan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Lvxia Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | | | - Yong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Xuehong Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
- *Correspondence: Xuehong Liu, ; orcid.org/0000-0003-4325-6762
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6
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Wen L, Li Y, Li S, Hu X, Wei Q, Dong Z. Glucose Metabolism in Acute Kidney Injury and Kidney Repair. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:744122. [PMID: 34912819 PMCID: PMC8666949 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.744122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidneys play an indispensable role in glucose homeostasis via glucose reabsorption, production, and utilization. Conversely, aberrant glucose metabolism is involved in the onset, progression, and prognosis of kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury (AKI). In this review, we describe the regulation of glucose homeostasis and related molecular factors in kidneys under normal physiological conditions. Furthermore, we summarize recent investigations about the relationship between glucose metabolism and different types of AKI. We also analyze the involvement of glucose metabolism in kidney repair after injury, including renal fibrosis. Further research on glucose metabolism in kidney injury and repair may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Research Department, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Ying Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Siyao Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Research Department, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Xiaoru Hu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Research Department, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Qingqing Wei
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Research Department, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Zheng Dong
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Research Department, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States
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7
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Reid S, Scholey JW. Recent Approaches to Targeting Canonical NF κB Signaling in the Early Inflammatory Response to Renal IRI. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:2117-2124. [PMID: 34108233 PMCID: PMC8729839 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is the most common cause of in-hospital AKI and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. IRI is associated with an early phase of inflammation primarily regulated by the canonical NFκB signaling pathway. Despite recent advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of IRI, few therapeutic strategies have emerged. The purpose of this manuscript is to review interventions targeting NFκB after IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Reid
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James W. Scholey
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Lu C, Wang C, Xiao H, Chen M, Yang Z, Liang Z, Wang H, Liu Y, Yang Y, Wang Q. Ethyl pyruvate: A newly discovered compound against ischemia-reperfusion injury in multiple organs. Pharmacol Res 2021; 171:105757. [PMID: 34302979 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a process whereby an initial ischemia injury and subsequent recovery of blood flow, which leads to the propagation of an innate immune response and the changes of structural and functional of multiple organs. Therefore, IRI is considered to be a great challenge in clinical treatment such as organ transplantation or coronary angioplasty. In recent years, ethyl pyruvate (EP), a derivative of pyruvate, has received great attention because of its stability and low toxicity. Previous studies have proved that EP has various pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, anti-apoptosis, and anti-fibrosis. Compelling evidence has indicated EP plays a beneficial role in a variety of acute injury models, such as brain IRI, myocardial IRI, renal IRI, and hepatic IRI. Moreover, EP can not only effectively inhibit multiple IRI-induced pathological processes, but also improve the structural and functional lesion of tissues and organs. In this study, we review the recent progress in the research on EP and discuss their implications for a better understanding of multiple organ IRI, and the prospects of targeting the EP for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Lu
- Department of Paediatrics, Shenmu Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Guangming Road, Shenmu, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Changyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 10 Fengcheng Three Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Haoxiang Xiao
- Department of Paediatrics, Shenmu Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Guangming Road, Shenmu, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengfan Chen
- Department of Paediatrics, Shenmu Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Guangming Road, Shenmu, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Paediatrics, Shenmu Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Guangming Road, Shenmu, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenxing Liang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Department of Paediatrics, Shenmu Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Guangming Road, Shenmu, China
| | - Yonglin Liu
- Department of Paediatrics, Shenmu Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Guangming Road, Shenmu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Paediatrics, Shenmu Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Guangming Road, Shenmu, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Paediatrics, Shenmu Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Guangming Road, Shenmu, China.
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Cabello R, Fontecha-Barriuso M, Martin-Sanchez D, Lopez-Diaz AM, Carrasco S, Mahillo I, Gonzalez-Enguita C, Sanchez-Niño MD, Ortiz A, Sanz AB. Urinary Cyclophilin A as Marker of Tubular Cell Death and Kidney Injury. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020217. [PMID: 33672645 PMCID: PMC7924181 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite the term acute kidney injury (AKI), clinical biomarkers for AKI reflect function rather than injury and independent markers of injury are needed. Tubular cell death, including necroptotic cell death, is a key feature of AKI. Cyclophilin A (CypA) is an intracellular protein that has been reported to be released during necroptosis. We have now explored CypA as a potential marker for kidney injury in cultured tubular cells and in clinical settings of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), characterized by limitations of current diagnostic criteria for AKI. Methods: CypA was analyzed in cultured human and murine proximal tubular epithelial cells exposed to chemical hypoxia, hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) or other cell death (apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis) inducers. Urinary levels of CypA (uCypA) were analyzed in patients after nephron sparing surgery (NSS) in which the contralateral kidney is not disturbed and kidney grafts with initial function. Results: Intracellular CypA remained unchanged while supernatant CypA increased in parallel to cell death induction. uCypA levels were higher in NSS patients with renal artery clamping (that is, with NSS-IRI) than in no clamping (NSS-no IRI), and in kidney transplantation (KT) recipients (KT-IRI) even in the presence of preserved or improving kidney function, while this was not the case for urinary Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). Furthermore, higher uCypA levels in NSS patients were associated with longer surgery duration and the incidence of AKI increased from 10% when using serum creatinine (sCr) or urinary output criteria to 36% when using high uCypA levels in NNS clamping patients. Conclusions: CypA is released by kidney tubular cells during different forms of cell death, and uCypA increased during IRI-induced clinical kidney injury independently from kidney function parameters. Thus, uCypA is a potential biomarker of kidney injury, which is independent from decreased kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramio Cabello
- Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.); (C.G.-E.)
| | - Miguel Fontecha-Barriuso
- Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (D.M.-S.); (A.M.L.-D.); (S.C.); (M.D.S.-N.)
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Autonoma University, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Martin-Sanchez
- Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (D.M.-S.); (A.M.L.-D.); (S.C.); (M.D.S.-N.)
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Autonoma University, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M. Lopez-Diaz
- Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (D.M.-S.); (A.M.L.-D.); (S.C.); (M.D.S.-N.)
| | - Susana Carrasco
- Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (D.M.-S.); (A.M.L.-D.); (S.C.); (M.D.S.-N.)
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Autonoma University, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Mahillo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics. Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Carmen Gonzalez-Enguita
- Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.); (C.G.-E.)
| | - Maria D. Sanchez-Niño
- Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (D.M.-S.); (A.M.L.-D.); (S.C.); (M.D.S.-N.)
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Autonoma University, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Autonoma University, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (D.M.-S.); (A.M.L.-D.); (S.C.); (M.D.S.-N.)
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Autonoma University, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IRSIN (Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigacíon en Nefrología), 28003 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.O.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Ana B. Sanz
- Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (D.M.-S.); (A.M.L.-D.); (S.C.); (M.D.S.-N.)
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Autonoma University, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.O.); (A.B.S.)
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10
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Sharma D, Singh A, Pathak M, Kaur L, Kumar V, Roy BG, Ojha H. DNA binding and antiradical potential of ethyl pyruvate: Key to the DNA radioprotection. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 332:109313. [PMID: 33171137 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
DNA is the store house of all necessary hereditary information for growth of cells and tissues. Physiological functionality of DNA depends on its 3D helical structure and any distortion in a structure may lead to mutation and genomic instability that may translate into disease like cancer. In order to prevent DNA damage, an exogenous compound is required that can either scavenge the excess free radicals or enhance the structural integrity of DNA through binding. In the present study, the binding mechanism of ethyl pyruvate (EP) with DNA models using different spectroscopic techniques was investigated for their structural integrity. Besides, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were performed to determine the antioxidant scavenging of EP. Plasmid DNA relaxation assay was performed to assess the radioprotection efficacy of EP in the plasmid DNA. Circular dichroism (CD) and UV-Vis absorbance spectroscopic data confirmed the conformation change in ctDNA upon binding with EP. The molecular docking visualized that EP stacks between the DNA bases with a glide score of -2.117 kcalmol while EP binds in the minor groove region of DNA with the glide score of -1.414 kcalmol . DPPH and FRAP data confirmed that EP scavenges significantly radicals at higher concentrations. In vitro radioprotection study in plasmid DNA pBR322 showed that EP retained the supercoiled form of plasmid DNA at 50 Gy radiation dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Sharma
- CBRN Protection and Decontamination Research Group, Division of CBRN Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Anju Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India; Nucleic Acids Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Mallika Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Lajpreet Kaur
- CBRN Protection and Decontamination Research Group, Division of CBRN Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- CBRN Protection and Decontamination Research Group, Division of CBRN Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Bal G Roy
- Experimental Animal Facility, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Himanshu Ojha
- CBRN Protection and Decontamination Research Group, Division of CBRN Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India.
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Dieteren S, Franz N, Köhler K, Nowak A, Ehnert S, Surov A, Krüger M, Marzi I, Wagner N, Relja B. Ethyl Pyruvate Reduces Systemic Leukocyte Activation via Caspase-1 and NF-κB After Blunt Chest Trauma and Haemorrhagic Shock. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:562904. [PMID: 33117829 PMCID: PMC7562791 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.562904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Blunt chest (thoracic) trauma (TxT) and haemorrhagic shock with subsequent resuscitation (H/R) induce strong systemic and local inflammatory response, which is closely associated with apoptotic cell loss and subsequently impaired organ function. The underlying mechanisms are not completely understood, therefore, the treatment of patients suffering from TxT+H/R is challenging. In our recent studies, we have demonstrated local anti-inflammatory effects of ethyl pyruvate (EtP) in lung and liver after TxT+H/R. Here, the therapeutic potential of a reperfusion regime with EtP on the early post-traumatic systemic inflammatory response and apoptotic changes after TxT followed by H/R were investigated. Methods: Female Lewis rats underwent TxT followed by haemorrhagic shock (60 min). Resuscitation was performed with own blood transfusion and either lactated Ringers solution (LR) or LR supplemented with EtP (50 mg/kg). Sham group underwent the surgical procedures. After 2 h blood as well as lung and liver tissues were obtained for analyses. Systemic activation of neutrophils (expression of CD11b and CD62L), leukocyte phagocytosis, apoptosis (caspase-3/7 activation), pyroptosis (caspase-1 activation) and NF-κB p65 activity were assessed. p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: TxT+H/R-induced systemic activation of neutrophils (increased CD11b and reduced CD62L expression) was significantly reduced by EtP. Trauma-induced delayed neutrophil apoptosis was further reduced by EtP reperfusion but remained unaltered in monocytes. Reperfusion with EtP significantly increased the phagocytizing capacity of granulocytes. Trauma-induced inflammasome activation, which was observed in monocytes and not in neutrophils, was significantly reduced by EtP in both cell entities. NF-κB p65 activation, which was increased in neutrophils and monocytes was significantly decreased in monocytes. Conclusion: TxT+H/R-induced systemic activation of both neutrophils and monocytes concomitant with increased systemic inflammation was reduced by a reperfusion with EtP and was associated with a down-regulation of NF-κB p65 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Dieteren
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Niklas Franz
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kernt Köhler
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Aleksander Nowak
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Ehnert
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Center Tuebingen, Siegfried Weller Research Institute, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexey Surov
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Marzi
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nils Wagner
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Borna Relja
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Zhao Z, Hu Z, Zeng R, Yao Y. HMGB1 in kidney diseases. Life Sci 2020; 259:118203. [PMID: 32781069 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a highly conserved nucleoprotein involving in numerous biological processes, and well known to trigger immune responses as the damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) in the extracellular environment. The role of HMGB1 is distinct due to its multiple functions in different subcellular location. In the nucleus, HMGB1 acts as a chaperone to regulate DNA events including DNA replication, repair and nucleosome stability. While in the cytoplasm, it is engaged in regulating autophagy and apoptosis. A great deal of research has explored its function in the pathogenesis of renal diseases. This review mainly focuses on the role of HMGB1 and summarizes the pathway and treatment targeting HMGB1 in the various renal diseases which may open the windows of opportunities for the development of desirable therapeutic ends in these pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhao
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zhizhi Hu
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Rui Zeng
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Ying Yao
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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13
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Xie Z, Li Z, Dong W, Chen Y, Li R, Wu Y, Liang H, Ye Z, Liu S, Shi W, Liang X. The impact of coexisting diabetes mellitus on clinical outcomes in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy: a retrospective observational study. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:224. [PMID: 32532223 PMCID: PMC7291707 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-01878-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) is frequently coexisted with diabetes mellitus (DM). Few researches investigate clinical outcomes in IMN patients coexisting diabetes mellitus (DM), including remission rates, renal survival and complications. Concurrent DM also pose therapeutic challenges to IMN patients due to the influence of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressant on metabolic disorders. We performed this study to investigate the impact of DM on clinical outcomes in IMN and the influence of therapeutic regime on metabolic parameters in diabetic IMN patients. METHODS Two hundred and six adult hospitalized patients diagnosed with biopsy-proven IMN were retrospectively studied, including 42 patients coexisted with DM. Clinical outcomes including remission rates, renal outcome and complications were compared between groups. Impact of cyclophosphamide and ciclosporin on metabolism and complications were analyzed in IMN patients coexisting DM. RESULTS IMN patients coexisted with DM were presented with advanced age, lower level of eGFR and hemoglobin. Patients coexisted with DM experienced worse renal function deterioration and higher incidence of infection. COX regression analysis showed that DM was an independent risk factor for renal function deterioration in IMN patients. There was no significant difference in remission rates and incidence of venous thromboembolism between two groups. Further exploration on the impact of therapeutic regimens on complications and metabolism showed that cyclophosphamide and ciclosporin had no significant difference in incidence of complications including infection and venous thromboembolism, and posed comparable influences on blood glucose, uric acid and blood lipids in IMN patients coexisted with DM. CONCLUSION Coexisting DM was an independent risk factor for renal function deterioration in IMN patients but did not influence the remission of proteinuria. Glucocorticoids in combination with cyclophosphamide or ciclosporine had similar impact on complications and metabolic index including blood glucose, uric acid and blood lipids in IMN patients coexisted with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Xie
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.106 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhilian Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.106 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.106 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanhan Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.106 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruizhao Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.106 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanhua Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.106 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Huaban Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.106 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiming Ye
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.106 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuangxin Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.106 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.106 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinling Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.106 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China. .,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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Gong DJ, Wang L, Yang YY, Zhang JJ, Liu XH. Diabetes aggravates renal ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats by exacerbating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Ren Fail 2020; 41:750-761. [PMID: 31441362 PMCID: PMC6720228 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2019.1643737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic patients are more susceptible to renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (RI/RI) and have a poor prognosis, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present study aimed to examine whether diabetes could worsen acute kidney injury induced by I/R in rats and clarify its mechanism. Control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were subjected to 45 min renal pedicle occlusion followed by 24 h reperfusion. Tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ, 16.7 mg/kg) was administrated intraperitoneally 3 times at intervals of 8 h before ischemia. Serum and kidneys were harvested after reperfusion to evaluate renal function and histological injury. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to test pro-inflammatory cytokines. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assays were used to detect apoptotic cells, and western blotting was performed to determine the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), and cleaved caspase-3, as well as oxidative stress and inflammation-related proteins, such as nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Compared with control animals, diabetic rats undergoing I/R exhibited more severe tubular damage and renal dysfunction. Diabetes exacerbated oxidative stress, the inflammatory response, and apoptosis after renal I/R by enhancing TLR4/NF-κB signaling and blocking the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. RI/RI in diabetic rats was attenuated by pretreatment with TBHQ (a Nrf2 agonist), which exerted anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties by inhibiting NF-κB signaling. These findings indicate that hyperglycemia exacerbates RI/RI by intensifying oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Antioxidant pretreatment may alleviate RI/RI in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Jing Gong
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Yang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , P.R. China
| | - Jian-Jian Zhang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Heng Liu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei , P.R. China
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Ringer's ethyl pyruvate solution attenuates hypoperfusion and renal injury after multivisceral ischemia-reperfusion in rabbits. J Anesth 2020; 34:303-307. [PMID: 31916012 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-019-02730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ringer's ethyl pyruvate solution (REPS) has been protective against experimental renal, intestinal, and spinal ischemia and may be useful for organ protection in major vascular surgery. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether REPS attenuates organ injury in a rabbit model of supraceliac aortic cross-clamp that simulates thoracoabdominal aortic surgery. Following the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee's approval, 20 rabbits were undergone cross-clamping of the supraceliac thoracic aorta for 30 min, and observed for 180 min after reperfusion. Either REPS (33 mg/kg/h of ethyl pyruvate) or Ringer's lactate solution were infused throughout the study period. Arterial pressure and aortic blood flow were continuously monitored. Blood lactate concentration, serum transaminase levels, neutrophil activation, and urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity were evaluated. After reperfusion, supraceliac aortic blood flow was significantly higher, and urinary NAG was significantly lower in animals that received REPS, while the other parameters were not significantly different. In conclusion, REPS attenuated the reduction of aortic blood flow and urinary NAG elevation after the cross-clamp of supraceliac aorta.
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Zhang XM, Deng H, Tong JD, Wang YZ, Ning XC, Yang XH, Zhou FQ, Jin HM. Pyruvate-Enriched Oral Rehydration Solution Improves Glucometabolic Disorders in the Kidneys of Diabetic db/db Mice. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:2817972. [PMID: 33062708 PMCID: PMC7533008 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2817972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is prevalent worldwide, but ideally intensive therapeutic strategy in clinical diabetes and diabetic nephropathy (DN) is still lack. Pyruvate is protective from glucometabolic disturbances and kidney dysfunction in various pathogenic insults. Present studies focused on oral pyruvate effects on diabetes status and DN with 0.35% pyruvate in pyruvate-enriched oral rehydration solution (Pyr-ORS) and 1% pyruvate as drinking water for 8 weeks, using the model of diabetic db/db mice. Both Pyr-ORS and 1% pyruvate showed comparable therapeutic effectiveness with controls of body weight and blood sugar, increases of blood insulin levels, and improvement of renal function and pathological changes. Aberrant key enzyme activities in glucometabolic pathways, AR, PK, and PDK/PDH, were also restored; indexes of oxidative stress and inflammation, NAD+/NADH ratio, and AGEs in the kidneys were mostly significantly preserved after pyruvate treatments. We concluded that oral pyruvate delayed DN progression in db/db mice and the modified Pyr-ORS formula might be an ideal novel therapeutic drink in clinical prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes and DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Meng Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, 2800 Gong Wei Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, 2800 Gong Wei Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Dong Tong
- Division of Vascular surgery, Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, 2800 Gong Wei Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhen Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiang Su Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xu Chao Ning
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiang Su Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiu Hong Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, 2800 Gong Wei Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Qiang Zhou
- Shanghai Sandai Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd., Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Min Jin
- Department of Nephrology, Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, 2800 Gong Wei Road, Shanghai, China
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Protective Role of mTOR in Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: Involvement of Inflammation and Autophagy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7861290. [PMID: 31827701 PMCID: PMC6885218 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7861290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is a common phenomenon after liver resection and transplantation, which often results in liver graft dysfunction such as delayed graft function and primary nonfunction. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an evolutionarily highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinase, which coordinates cell growth and metabolism through sensing environmental inputs under physiological or pathological conditions, involved in the pathophysiological process of IR injury. In this review, we mainly present current evidence of the beneficial role of mTOR in modulating inflammation and autophagy under liver IR to provide some evidence for the potential therapies for liver IR injury.
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Ethyl pyruvate protects against Salmonella intestinal infection in mice through down-regulation of pro-inflammatory factors and inhibition of TLR4/MAPK pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 71:155-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Bloom J, Patel N, Wagmaister J, Choudhury M, Eshghi M, Konno S. Prophylactic effect of ethyl pyruvate on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury mediated through oxidative stress. Int Urol Nephrol 2018; 51:85-92. [PMID: 30382544 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-018-2020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE As oxidative stress (OXS) has been shown to play a primary role in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (RIRI), we investigated whether antioxidant such as ethyl pyruvate (EPy) might effectively prevent RIRI. Possible prophylactic effects of EPy and mannitol (Mann), one of perioperative agents often used, were tested against harmful OXS in vitro. METHODS Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to exert OXS on the renal proximal tubular MDCK cells. Severity of OXS and protective effects of EPy and Mann were assessed by lipid peroxidation assay and cell viability test, respectively. The cytotoxic mechanism of H2O2 was explored by examining the status of glycolysis, metabolic signaling pathways, cell cycle, and induction of apoptosis. RESULTS Although H2O2 (500 µM) increased OXS by ~ 3.5 times of controls, EPy (1 mM) fully reduced it to the basal level. Cell viability declined to merely 10% by H2O2 was regained to > 90% with EPy. Hexokinase activity and ATP level also declined significantly by H2O2, but they sustained 80-90% with EPy. Additionally, H2O2 led to the modulations of metabolic signaling regulators, a G1 cell cycle arrest, and induction of apoptosis, which were yet prevented with EPy. Unlike EPy, Mann had virtually little effects. CONCLUSIONS OXS can indeed lead to the significant cell viability reduction through its adverse cellular effects, ultimately resulting in RIRI. However, EPy appears to prevent these effects and protect MDCK cells, while Mann does not. Thus, EPy could be a more effective prophylactic renoprotective agent (than Mann) against oxidative renal cell injury including RIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Bloom
- Department of Urology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Neel Patel
- Department of Urology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | | | - Muhammad Choudhury
- Department of Urology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Majid Eshghi
- Department of Urology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Sensuke Konno
- Department of Urology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA. .,Department of Urology, New York Medical College, BSB, Room A03, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.
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20
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Tian Y, Charles EJ, Yan Z, Wu D, French BA, Kron IL, Yang Z. The myocardial infarct-exacerbating effect of cell-free DNA is mediated by the high-mobility group box 1-receptor for advanced glycation end products-Toll-like receptor 9 pathway. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 157:2256-2269.e3. [PMID: 30401529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Damage-associated molecular patterns, such as high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and cell-free DNA (cfDNA), play critical roles in mediating ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). HMGB1 activates RAGE to exacerbate IRI, but the mechanism underlying cfDNA-induced myocardial IRI remains unknown. We hypothesized that the infarct-exacerbating effect of cfDNA is mediated by HMGB1 and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). METHODS C57BL/6 wild type mice, RAGE knockout (KO), and Toll-like receptor 9 KO mice underwent 20- or 40-minute occlusions of the left coronary artery followed by up to 60 minutes of reperfusion. Cardiac coronary perfusate was acquired from ischemic hearts without reperfusion. Exogenous mitochondrial DNA was acquired from livers of normal C57BL/6 mice. Myocardial infarct size (IS) was reported as percent risk region, as measured by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride and Phthalo blue (Heucotech, Fairless Hill, Pa) staining. cfDNA levels were measured by Sytox Green assay (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Mass) and/or spectrophotometer. RESULTS Free HMGB1 and cfDNA levels were increased in the ischemic myocardium during prolonged ischemia and subsequently in the plasma during reperfusion. In C57BL/6 mice undergoing 40'/60' IRI, deoxyribonuclease I, or anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody reduced IS by approximately half to 29.0% ± 5.2% and 24.3% ± 3.5% (P < .05 vs control 54.3% ± 3.4%). However, combined treatment with deoxyribonuclease I + anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody did not further attenuate IS (29.3% ± 4.9%). In C57BL/6 mice undergoing 20'/60' IRI, injection of 40'/5' plasma upon reperfusion increased IS by more than 3-fold (to 19.9 ± 4.3; P < .05). This IS exacerbation was abolished by pretreating the plasma with deoxyribonuclease I or by depleting the HMGB1 by immunoprecipitation, or by splenectomy. The infarct-exacerbating effect also disappeared in RAGE KO mice and Toll-like receptor 9 KO mice. Injection of 40'/0' coronary perfusate upon reperfusion similarly increased IS. The levels of HMGB1 and cfDNA were significantly elevated in the 40'/0' coronary perfusate and 40'/reperfusion (min) plasma but not in those with 10' ischemia. In C57BL/6 mice without IRI, 40'/5' plasma significantly increased the interleukin-1β protein and messenger RNA expression in the spleen by 30 minutes after injection. Intravenous bolus injection of recombinant HMGB1 (0.1 μg/g) or mitochondrial DNA (0.5 μg/g) 5 minutes before reperfusion did not exacerbate IS (P = not significant vs control). However, combined administration of recombinant HMGB1 + mitochondrial DNA significantly increased IS (P < .05 vs individual treated groups) and this infarct-exacerbating effect disappeared in RAGE KO mice and splenectomized C57BL/6 mice. The accumulation of cfDNA in the spleen after combined recombinant HMGB1 + mitochondrial DNA treatment was significantly more elevated in C57BL/6 mice than in RAGE KO mice. CONCLUSIONS Both HMGB1 and cfDNA are released from the heart upon reperfusion after prolonged ischemia and both contribute importantly and interdependently to post-IRI by a common RAGE-Toll-like receptor 9-dependent mechanism. Depleting either of these 2 damage-associated molecular patterns suffices to significantly reduce IS by approximately 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikui Tian
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Eric J Charles
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Brent A French
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Irving L Kron
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Zequan Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.
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Ethyl pyruvate: A promising feasible therapeutic approach for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury under both normoglycemia and hyperglycemia. Int J Cardiol 2018; 265:38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.02.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Mennander AA. Time to celebrate! J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 155:1659-1660. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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