Liu M, Li Y, Gao S, Yan S, Zhang Q, Liu G, Ji B. A novel target to reduce microglial inflammation and neuronal damage after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019;
159:2431-2444.e7. [PMID:
31564537 DOI:
10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.06.115]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Neuroinflammation acts as a contributor to neurologic deficits after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. However, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study postulates that cold-inducible RNA-binding protein can promote deep hypothermic circulatory arrest-induced neuroinflammation.
METHODS
Rats were randomly assigned into 3 groups (n = 5, each group): sham group, deep hypothermic circulatory arrest group, and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest + Cirp-/- group (Cirp-/- group). Murine microglial BV2 cells were administered by adeno-associated viral vectors containing cold-inducible RNA-binding protein small interference RNA or negative control small interference RNA at 2 days before 4-hour oxygen-glucose deprivation at 18°C. Microglial activation, cell death, neuroinflammation, and related protein expression were assessed in tissue samples and cell cultures.
RESULTS
Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein was elevated along with evident neuroinflammation and neuronal damage in rats exposed to deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. In Cirp-/- rats, histologic injury (3.00 [interquartile range, 2.00-3.00] vs 1.00 [interquartile range, 1.00-1.50] neuropathological score, P < .001) and microglial activation (40 ± 4 vs 13 ± 7 CA1 area, P < .001) were alleviated after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. With RNA-sequencing analysis, this associated with reduction of key proinflammatory cytokines induced by inhibiting Brd2-NF-κB signals. In BV2 cells treated with small interference RNA-cold-inducible RNA-binding protein, similar protective effects were observed, including decreased proinflammatory cytokines and cytotoxicity. Brd2-NF-κB signals were confirmed by the addition of Brd2 inhibitor JQ1. Notably, the conditioned medium from BV2 cells transfected with small interference RNA cold-inducible RNA-binding protein significantly reduced apoptosis in neural SH-SY5Y cells after oxygen-glucose deprivation, which was similar to that after JQ1 administration.
CONCLUSIONS
Enhanced cold-inducible RNA-binding protein in microglia aggravates neuronal injury by promoting the release of proinflammatory cytokines, which might be mediated through Brd2-NF-κB signals during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest.
Collapse