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Merino JJ, Parmigiani-Izquierdo JM, Toledano Gasca A, Cabaña-Muñoz ME. The Long-Term Algae Extract ( Chlorella and Fucus sp) and Aminosulphurate Supplementation Modulate SOD-1 Activity and Decrease Heavy Metals (Hg ++, Sn) Levels in Patients with Long-Term Dental Titanium Implants and Amalgam Fillings Restorations. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8040101. [PMID: 31014007 PMCID: PMC6523211 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8040101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxicity of heavy metals such as Hg++ is a serious risk for human health. We evaluated whether 90 days of nutritional supplementation (d90, n = 16) with Chlorella vulgaris (CV) and Fucus sp extracts in conjunction with aminosulphurate (nutraceuticals) supplementation could detox heavy metal levels in patients with long-term titanium dental implants (average: three, average: 12 years in mouth) and/or amalgam fillings (average: four, average: 15 years) compared to baseline levels (d0: before any supplementation, n = 16) and untreated controls (without dental materials) of similar age (control, n = 21). In this study, we compared levels of several heavy metals/oligoelements in these patients after 90 days (n = 16) of nutritional supplementation with CV and aminozuphrates extract with their own baseline levels (d0, n = 16) and untreated controls (n = 21); 16 patients averaging 44 age years old with long-term dental amalgams and titanium implants for at least 10 years (average: 12 years) were recruited, as well as 21 non-supplemented controls (without dental materials) of similar age. The following heavy metals were quantified in hair samples as index of chronic heavy metal exposure before and after 90 days supplementation using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and expressed as μg/g of hair (Al, Hg++, Ba, Ag, Sb, As, Be, Bi, Cd, Pb, Pt, Tl, Th, U, Ni, Sn, and Ti). We also measured several oligoelements (Ca++, Mg++, Na+, K+, Cu++, Zn++, Mn++, Cr, V, Mo, B, I, P, Se, Sr, P, Co, Fe++, Ge, Rb, and Zr). The algae and nutraceutical supplementation during 90 consecutive days decreased Hg++, Ag, Sn, and Pb at 90 days as compared to baseline levels. The mercury levels at 90 days decreased as compared with the untreated controls. The supplementation contributed to reducing heavy metal levels. There were increased lithium (Li) and germanium (Ge) levels after supplementation in patients with long-term dental titanium implants and amalgams. They also (d90) increased manganesum (Mn++), phosphorum (P), and iron (Fe++) levels as compared with their own basal levels (d0) and the untreated controls. Finally, decreased SuperOxide Dismutase-1 (SOD-1) activity (saliva) was observed after 90 days of supplementation as compared with basal levels (before any supplementation, d0), suggesting antioxidant effects. Conversely, we detected increased SOD-1 activity after 90 days as compared with untreated controls. This SOD-1 regulation could induce antioxidant effects in these patients. The long-term treatment with algae extract and aminosulphurates for 90 consecutive days decreased certain heavy metal levels (Hg++, Ag, Sn, Pb, and U) as compared with basal levels. However, Hg++ and Sn reductions were observed after 90 days as compared with untreated controls (without dental materials). The dental amalgam restoration using activated nasal filters in conjunction with long-term nutritional supplementation enhanced heavy metals removal. Finally, the long-term supplementation with these algae and aminoazuphrates was safe and non-toxic in patients. These supplements prevented certain deficits in oligoelements without affecting their Na+/K+ ratios after long-term nutraceutical supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Joaquín Merino
- Clínica CIROM, Centro de Implantología and Rehabilitación Oral Multidisciplinaria, 30001 Murcia, Spain.
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Wei Y, Sun J, Men Q, Tian X. Toxic effects of four kinds of dental restorative materials on fibroblast HGF-1 and impacts on expression of Bcl-2 and Bax genes. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:4155-4161. [PMID: 30344691 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate and discuss the toxic effect of four kinds of dental restorative materials on fibroblast HGF-1 and their impacts on the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) genes. One hundred and ninety-two patients (240 diseased teeth), who received dental restoration in the Department of Stomatology of Xuzhou Stomatology Hospital from March 2014 to March 2015, were selected and randomly divided into four groups; namely, silver amalgam group, glass-ionomer cement group, nichrome group and novel nano-composite resin group, with 60 teeth in each group. The diseased teeth were restored. The fibroblast HGF-1 was incubated in the water extracts from the four kinds of materials and ordinary cell culture fluid (negative control). Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting were used to measure the levels of Bcl-2 and Bax. A flow cytometer was applied to detect cell apoptosis. RT-qPCR results showed that compared with those in the negative control group, the mRNA expression levels of Bcl-2 in the cells of silver amalgam group, glass-ionomer cement group and nichrome group were decreased, while those of Bax were upregulated (P<0.05). The mRNA expression of Bcl-2 in glass-ionomer cement group was the highest among these three groups; the mRNA expression of Bax in nichrome group was the highest of all groups. The western blotting results revealed the same tendency as those of RT-qPCR. The results via the flow cytometer showed that cell apoptosis in nichrome group, silver amalgam group and glass-ionomer cement group was increased significantly (P<0.05) compared with that in the negative control group. The novel nano-composite resin has no obvious toxic effect on cells, and its clinical application effect is better than that of traditional dental restorative materials, which is worthy of application and generalization in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wei
- Department of Prosthodontics, Xuzhou Stomatology Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221003, P.R. China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Endodontics, Xuzhou Stomatology Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221003, P.R. China
| | - Qinglin Men
- Department of Prosthodontics, Xuzhou Stomatology Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobei Tian
- Department of Endodontics, Xuzhou Stomatology Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221003, P.R. China.,Teaching and Research Office of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221003, P.R. China
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Saghiri MA, Asatourian A, Garcia-Godoy F, Sheibani N. A new era considering inorganic trace elements and biological activity of dental biomaterials (angiogenic activity). ACTA BIOMATERIALIA ODONTOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 2017. [PMID: 28642917 PMCID: PMC5433192 DOI: 10.1080/23337931.2016.1215249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Saghiri
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWIUSA
| | - Armen Asatourian
- Sector of Angiogenesis and Regenerative Surgery, Dr. H Afsar Lajevardi ClusterShirazIran
| | - Franklin Garcia-Godoy
- Bioscience Research Center, College of Dentistry, The University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTNUSA
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWIUSA
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Ramezani GH, Moghadam MM, Saghiri MA, Garcia-Godoy F, Asatourian A, Aminsobhani M, Scarbecz M, Sheibani N. Effect of dental restorative materials on total antioxidant capacity and calcium concentration of unstimulated saliva. J Clin Exp Dent 2017; 9:e71-e77. [PMID: 28149467 PMCID: PMC5268120 DOI: 10.4317/jced.53272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the effect of dental amalgam and composite restorations on total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and calcium (Ca) ion concentration of unstimulated saliva. Material and Methods Forty-eight children aged 6-10 years selected and divided into three groups of sixteen (8 males, 8 females). In group A and B, samples consisted of two class II dental composite or amalgam restorations, while in group C samples were caries-free (control group). Unstimulated saliva from all samples was collected and TAC was measured by spectrophotometry using an adaptation of 2, 2’-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) assay. The Ca ion level was estimated by an auto- analyzer. Data were analyzed with one- and two-way ANOVA test, at a p<.05 level of significance. Results Composite samples showed significantly higher TAC and lower Ca ion levels compared to amalgam and caries-free samples (p<.05). The TAC values showed only significant difference between groups (p<.05), while the Ca ion results showed significant differences within and between groups (p<.05). Conclusions Dental composite restorations increased TAC and decreased Ca ion levels more than amalgam restorations in saliva. Gender is an effective factor in changes induced in oral cavity as females showed more emphatic reaction to dental filling materials than males. Statement of Clinical Relevance Patients who have dental restorations, especially dental composites, should pay more attention to their dental hygiene, because dental restorations can increase oxidative stress and decrease Ca ion level in saliva, which might jeopardize remineralization process of tooth structures after demineralization. Key words:Amalgam, caries, composite, saliva, total antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholam H Ramezani
- BDS, MS, DDS, Associate professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona-Momeni Moghadam
- DDS Visiting researcher, Angiogenesis and Regenerative Group, Dr. H. Afsar Lajevardi Research Cluster, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Ali Saghiri
- BSc, MSc, PhD, Wisconsin institute for Medical Research and Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Franklin Garcia-Godoy
- DDS, MSc, PhD, Bioscience Research Center, Health Science Center, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Armen Asatourian
- DDS, Clinical instructor, Angiogenesis and Regenerative Sector, Dr. H. Afsar Lajevardi Research Cluster, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Aminsobhani
- DDS, MSc, Associate professor, Endodontic Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mark Scarbecz
- DDS, PhD, Professor, Bioscience Research Center, Health Science Center, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Nader Sheibani
- BSc, MSc, PhD, Professor, Departments of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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Al-Saleh I, Abduljabbar M, Al-Rouqi R, Eltabache C, Al-Rajudi T, Elkhatib R, Nester M. The extent of mercury (Hg) exposure among Saudi mothers and their respective infants. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:678. [PMID: 26450688 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4858-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A total of 1016 healthy Saudi mothers and their respective infants (aged 3-12 months) were recruited from 57 Primary Health Care Centers (PHCCs) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, to evaluate the extent of mercury (Hg) exposure and predict its sources in the healthy Saudi population. Total Hg levels were measured in maternal urine, breast milk, blood, and hair and in the infants' urine and hair. Only 1.9% of the mothers had urinary Hg (UHg)>10 μg/l, the limit for asymptomatic adults recommended by the World Health Organization, but the median (0.99 μg/l) was higher than in other countries. Also, 49.3% of the mothers had UHg>1 μg/l, the German reference value for adults. Median infant UHg was 0.729 μg/l, and 77 and 93 % of the infants had levels higher than 0.4 and 0.1 μg/l, the reference values of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and for Germany, respectively. The median Hg level in breast milk was 0.884 μg/l. Even though 43.2% of the milk samples were above the background level for Hg in human milk (1 μg/l), our results were lower than those reported from other countries. Median maternal total Hg in blood was 0.637 μg/l, and only 0.4 and 6.9% of samples were higher than the Hg reference levels of 5.8 μg/l of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and of 2 μg/l for Germany, respectively. Total Hg levels in hair (HHg) varied widely among mothers and infants, but only 3.9% of the mothers and 2.8% of the infants had HHg>1 μg/g (the EPA reference level). Median HHg values were 0.117 μg/g dry weight in mothers and 0.1 μg/g dry weight in infants; both were lower than in other countries. The Hg levels in mothers and their respective infants were relatively low, but our results were consistent with other studies indicating that dental amalgam fillings and fish consumption were the main predictors of maternal Hg exposure. Among the several biomarkers of Hg exposure, Hg levels in maternal hair and urine were the strongest predictors of infant exposure. The lack of an association between Hg in breast milk and Hg in infant urine and hair suggested that the infants were exposed to Hg predominately during pregnancy rather than during breastfeeding. We expect that our data can serve as a baseline for further biomonitoring and follow-up studies, particularly of the long-term impact of Hg on childhood neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Al-Saleh
- Environmental Health Section, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box: 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mai Abduljabbar
- Environmental Health Section, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box: 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Al-Rouqi
- Environmental Health Section, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box: 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chafica Eltabache
- Environmental Health Section, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box: 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahreer Al-Rajudi
- Environmental Health Section, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box: 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rola Elkhatib
- Environmental Health Section, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box: 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Nester
- Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box: 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
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Cabaña-Muñoz ME, Parmigiani-Izquierdo JM, Bravo-González LA, Kyung HM, Merino JJ. Increased Zn/Glutathione Levels and Higher Superoxide Dismutase-1 Activity as Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Women with Long-Term Dental Amalgam Fillings: Correlation between Mercury/Aluminium Levels (in Hair) and Antioxidant Systems in Plasma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126339. [PMID: 26076368 PMCID: PMC4468144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The induction of oxidative stress by Hg can affect antioxidant enzymes. However, epidemiological studies have failed to establish clear association between dental fillings presence and health problems. OBJECTIVES To determine whether heavy metals (in hair), antioxidant enzymes (SOD-1) and glutathione levels could be affected by the chronic presence of heavy metals in women who had dental amalgam fillings. MATERIALS AND METHODS 55 hair samples (42 females with amalgam fillings and 13 female control subjects) were obtained. All subjects (mean age 44 years) who had dental amalgam filling for more than 10 years (average 15 years). Certain metals were quantified by ICP-MS (Mass Spectrophotometry) in hair (μg/g: Al, Hg, Ba, Ag, Sb, As, Be, Bi, Cd, Pb, Pt, Tl, Th, U, Ni, Sn, Ti) and SOD-1 and Glutathione (reduced form) levels in plasma. Data were compared with controls without amalgams, and analyzed to identify any significant relation between metals and the total number of amalgam fillings, comparing those with four or less (n = 27) with those with more than four (n = 15). As no significant differences were detected, the two groups were pooled (Amlgam; n = 42). FINDINGS Hg, Ag, Al and Ba were higher in the amalgam group but without significant differences for most of the heavy metals analyzed. Increased SOD-1 activity and glutathione levels (reduced form) were observed in the amalgam group. Aluminum (Al) correlated with glutathione levels while Hg levels correlated with SOD-1. The observed Al/glutathione and Hg/SOD-1 correlation could be adaptive responses against the chronic presence of mercury. CONCLUSIONS Hg, Ag, Al and Ba levels increased in women who had dental amalgam fillings for long periods. Al correlated with glutathione, and Hg with SOD-1. SOD-1 may be a possible biomarker for assessing chronic Hg toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Cabaña-Muñoz
- Centro CIROM, Centro de Implantología y Rehabilitación Oral Multidisciplinaria, Murcia, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, UMU, Unidad Docente de Ortodoncia, Murcia, Spain
- * E-mail: (JJM); (MEC)
| | | | | | - Hee-Moon Kyung
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental School, Kyungpook Nacional University, Daegu, Korea
| | - José Joaquín Merino
- IUIN, Instituto de Investigación Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, (U.C.M), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (JJM); (MEC)
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