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Fan N, Zhao W, Yun Y, Bai L, An H, Zhang Q, Yan J, Fan F, Han X, Yang F. Homocysteine levels in first-episode patients with psychiatric disorders. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1380900. [PMID: 38846917 PMCID: PMC11153782 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1380900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
A high homocysteine (Hcy) level is a risk factor for schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disorder. However, the role of hyperhomocysteinemia as either an independent factor or an auxiliary contributor to specific psychiatric symptoms or disorders remains unclear. This study aimed to examine Hcy levels in first-episode inpatients with psychotic symptoms and various psychiatric diseases to elucidate the association between Hcy levels and psychiatric disorders. This study enrolled 191 patients (aged 18-40 years) with psychiatric disorders. Seventy-five patients were diagnosed with schizophrenia, 48 with acute and transient psychotic disorders, 36 with manic episodes with psychosis, 32 with major depressive episodes with psychosis, and 56 healthy controls. Serum Hcy levels were measured using the enzyme cycle method. A Hcy concentration level of > 15 μmol/L was defined as hyperhomocysteinemia. Hcy levels were significantly higher in first-episode patients with psychiatric disorders compared to healthy controls (5.99 ± 3.60 vs. 19.78 ± 16.61 vs. 15.50 ± 9.08 vs. 20.00 ± 11.33 vs. 16.22 ± 12.06, F = 12.778, P < 0.001). Hcy levels were significantly higher in males with schizophrenia, acute and transient psychotic disorder, and major depressive disorder but not in mania [schizophrenia, (t = -4.727, P < 0.001); acute and transient psychotic disorders, (t = -3.389, P = 0.001); major depressive episode with psychosis, (t = -3.796, P < 0.001); manic episodes with psychosis, (t = -1.684, P = 0.101)]. However, serum Hcy levels were not significantly different among the psychiatric disorder groups (F = 0.139, P = 0.968). Multivariate linear regression showed that males had an increased risk for homocysteinemia. (95% CI = 8.192-15.370, P < 0.001). These results suggest that first-episode patients with psychiatric disorders have higher Hcy levels than in the general population, and men are at greater risk for psychiatric disorders. In conclusion, elevated Hcy levels may contribute to the pathogenesis of first-episode patients with psychotic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Fan
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxuan Zhao
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Yajun Yun
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Luyuan Bai
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Huimei An
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Wuxi Mental Health Center, Wuxi, China
| | - Jiangling Yan
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmei Fan
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaole Han
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Fude Yang
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
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Wu C, Duan X, Wang X, Wang L. Advances in the role of epigenetics in homocysteine-related diseases. Epigenomics 2023; 15:769-795. [PMID: 37718931 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine has a wide range of biological effects. However, the specific molecular mechanism of its pathogenicity is still unclear. The diseases induced by hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) are called homocysteine-related diseases. Clinical treatment of HHcy is mainly through folic acid and B-complex vitamins, which are not effective in reducing the associated end point events. Epigenetics is the alteration of heritable genes caused by DNA methylation, histone modification, noncoding RNAs and chromatin remodeling without altering the DNA sequence. In recent years the role of epigenetics in homocysteine-associated diseases has been gradually discovered. This article summarizes the latest evidence on the role of epigenetics in HHcy, providing new directions for its prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyan Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xulei Duan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xuehui Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Libo Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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Wang F, Gu YH, Guo J, Bao Y, Qiu Z, Zheng P, Ushijima M, Matsuura M, Zhang T. Polymorphisms of Placental Iodothyronine Deiodinase Genes in a Rural Area of Northern China with High Prevalence of Neural Tube Defects. Hum Hered 2023; 88:29-37. [PMID: 36944328 DOI: 10.1159/000530112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We have reported that high total homocysteine and the coexistence of inadequate thyroid hormones in maternal serum increase the risk of fetal neural tube defects (NTDs). Placental iodothyronine deiodinases (DIOs: DIO1, DIO2, and DIO3) play a role in regulating the conversions between different forms of maternal thyroid hormones. This study hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in placental DIOs genes could be related to NTDs. METHODS We performed a case-control study from 2007 to 2009 that included pregnant women from Lüliang, Shanxi Province, China. Nine distinct SNPs in DIOs genes were analyzed, and placental samples were obtained from 83 pregnant women with NTD fetuses and 90 pregnant women with normal fetuses. The nine SNPs were analyzed using the Cochran-Armitage test and the Fisher's exact test. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between case and control in the nine SNPs of DIOs (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggested that SNPs of DIO genes in the placenta among pregnant women have no statistically significant difference between the two groups, suggesting that other factors might be involved in metabolism of maternal thyroid hormone provided to fetuses, such as epigenetic modification of methylation and homocysteinylation and genomic imprinting in the placenta. Further functional studies on placenta samples are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China,
| | - Yan-Hong Gu
- Japan China Care Association, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jin Guo
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - YiHua Bao
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - ZhiYong Qiu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Beijing FangShan District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Masaru Ushijima
- Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Ting Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
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Poly(N-2-hydroxypropylmethacrylamide)-capped gold nanoparticles as nanozymes with peroxidase-mimicking performance for the colorimetric monitoring of serum homocysteine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:953-960. [PMID: 36571589 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04491-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recently, nanozymes based on polymer-stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have attracted more and more attention on account of their polymer-ligands' multiple functionalization sites. However, the contribution of polymer hydrogen bonding to the catalytic activity of AuNPs has received little attention. This study designed and fabricated poly(N-2-hydroxypropylmethacrylamide)-capped AuNPs (PHPAM@AuNPs) using a hydroxyl-rich polymer as the ligand. The PHPAM@AuNPs exhibited good peroxidase-mimicking activity capable of efficiently oxidizing 3,3'5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) with H2O2. The effect of PHPAM hydrogen bonding on the catalytic activity of PHPAM@AuNPs was investigated. Under peroxidase-mimicking catalysis, homocysteine introduced a notable reduction in oxidation, allowing the creation of a colorimetric method for homocysteine detection with high selectivity and sensitivity. The ultraviolet-visible absorption intensity of oxidized TMB showed a strong linear relationship with homocysteine concentration in the range of 3.0-20.0 μM (R2 = 0.998), with a limit of detection of 0.4 μM. The proposed colorimetric protocol was used to monitor homocysteine in rat serum following intraperitoneal injection. This work provides a new way to refine AuNP-based nanozymes by relying on polymer-ligand hydrogen bonding. It has strong application potential in the analysis of endogenous molecules in real samples.
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Shcherbitskaia AD, Kovalenko AA, Milyutina YP, Vasilev DS. Thyroid Hormone Production and Transplacental Transfer in the “Mother–Fetus” System during Gestational Hyperhomocysteinemia. NEUROCHEM J+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712422030102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ding X, Wang Y, Liu J, Wang G. Impaired Sensitivity to Thyroid Hormones Is Associated With Elevated Homocysteine Levels in the Euthyroid Population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e3731-e3737. [PMID: 35708733 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Homocysteine (Hcy), a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease, has been reported to be linked with thyroid dysfunction. However, the association of thyroid hormones sensitivity with Hcy levels remains unknown. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the relationship between thyroid hormone sensitivity and elevated Hcy levels in the euthyroid population. METHODS A total of 8957 euthyroid adults were included in this study. Free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyrotropin (TSH), Hcy levels, and other clinical parameters were measured. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) was defined as serum Hcy level > 15 μmol/L. Thyroid hormone sensitivity indices were calculated by thyroid feedback quantile-based index (TFQI), Chinese-referenced parametric TFQI (PTFQI), TSH index (TSHI) and thyrotropin thyroxine resistance index (TT4RI). RESULTS Subjects with decreased sensitivity to thyroid hormones had higher Hcy levels (P for trend < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed the higher quartiles of TFQI, PTFQI, TSHI, and TT4RI were significantly associated with elevated Hcy levels, and these associations remained significant even after adjustment for multiple risk factors. After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, dyslipidemia, fatty liver, diabetes, and hypertension, the odds ratio (95% CI) for having HHcy of the TFQI in the highest quartile was 1.393 (1.210, 1.603), the PTFQI in the highest quartile was 1.409 (1.225, 1.621), the TSHI in the highest quartile was 1.372 (1.190, 1.583), and the TT4RI in the highest quartile was 1.315 (1.141, 1.515) (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSION In euthyroid subjects, impaired sensitivity to thyroid hormones was associated with elevated Hcy levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Physical Examination Center, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
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Xie F, Wu JN. Maternal thyroxine and risk of fetal malformations. Gynecol Endocrinol 2022; 38:273-274. [PMID: 35274586 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2022.2050209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xie
- Medical Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Cervical Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang-Nan Wu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Ihsan M, Nisar M, Nazir N, Zahoor M, Khalil AAK, Ghafoor A, Khan A, Mothana RA, Ullah R, Ahmad N. Genetic diversity in nutritional composition of oat ( Avena sativa L.) germplasm reported from Pakistan. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:1487-1500. [PMID: 35280553 PMCID: PMC8913558 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, 30 potential germplasm of oat (Avena sativa L.) were subjected to proximate, elemental, and HPLC analysis to provide a scientific basis to genetic diversity present among them. The extracts of the selected germplasms were also evaluated for their antioxidant potentials through DPPH and ABTS assays. Proximate analysis showed protein contents to be in the range 8.35–17.72% with the highest protein contents in the accession line 22,365 (17.72 ± 0.38%). The genotype-725 showed the highest carbohydrate, and dry matter (53.35 ± 0.01 and 93.50 ± 0.07% respectively) contents whereas, the germplasm-830 contained the highest fat (7.88 ± 0.12%) contents while the highest moisture contents were there in germplasm-22348 (11.95 ± 0.06%). The crude fiber contents (19.67 ± 0.19%) were found high in germplasm-832. The mentioned contents were also correlated to each other where a negative (−0.431*) correlation was noted for crude protein and carbohydrate while ash content to crude protein has a positive (0.38*) correlation. A positive and a negative correlation were there in Crude fats/crude protein (0.30*) and crude fats/moisture contents (−0.39*) respectively. Principal component analysis showed an Eigenvalue of 0.76 with a total variation of 85.01% when applied to proximate components. Based on cluster analysis to proximate composition all the oat germplasms were divided into 5 sub-clusters, where accession numbers 769 and 817 were found to be the most diverse genotypes. The elemental analysis confirmed the presence of magnesium (2.89–7.62 mg/L), sodium (3.71–8.03 mg/L), manganese (0.93–3.71 mg/L), copper (0.35–3.36 mg/L), iron (2.15–6.82 mg/L), zinc (1.30–3.37 mg/L), chromium (0.37–3.34 mg/L), and potassium (50.70–59.60 mg/L) in the selected germplasms. Principal component analysis for elemental composition showed the total variation of 73.75% with the Eigenvalue of 0.97. Cluster analysis on an elemental basis divided all the oat germplasms into 7 sub-clusters where accession numbers 769 and 22,350 were found to be the most diverse germplasm. Phytochemical analysis performed through HPLC resulted in the identification of nine possible compounds (malic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, morin, ellagic acid, catechin hydrate, rutin, pyrogallol, and mandelic acid) in various germplasm of oat. A concentration-dependent antioxidant response was recorded when extracts were tested as an inhibitor of DPPH and ABTS free radicals. The results revealed that oat grains are a good source of nutrients, minerals, and phytochemicals that can be used as nutraceuticals and as food. The genetic differences revealed that this plant can be grown under varied environmental conditions.
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Key Words
- ABTS, 2, 2′-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid
- AOAC, Association of Official Analytical Chemists
- Antioxidants
- C.V, Cumulative Variance
- CA, Cluster analysis
- CHO, Carbohydrates
- DPPH, 2, 2-Diphenyl, 1, picrylhydrazyl
- Elemental profile
- HPLC-UV, High performance liquid chromatography- ultraviolet
- HPLC-finger printing
- IC 50, Minimum inhibitory concentration
- Met. Ext, Methanolic extract
- Mg, milligrams
- Minerals composition
- Ml, Milliliter
- Oat
- PCA, Principal Component analysis
- µg, Microgram
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ihsan
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir (Lower) - 18800, Khyber Pakhtun khwa, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Nisar
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir (Lower) - 18800, Khyber Pakhtun khwa, Pakistan
| | - Nausheen Nazir
- Department of Bio-Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir (Lower) - 18800, Khyber Pakhtun khwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahoor
- Department of Bio-Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir (Lower) - 18800, Khyber Pakhtun khwa, Pakistan
| | - Atif Ali Khan Khalil
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, 46000 Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Ghafoor
- Pakistan Agriculture Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir (Lower) - 18800, Khyber Pakhtun khwa, Pakistan
| | - Ramzi A Mothana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nisar Ahmad
- Center for Organismal Studies, Department of Molecular Biology of Plants, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, 69120, University of Heildelberg, Germany
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