In vitro anticancer and antibacterial activates of the yttrium(III) complex and its nano-carriers toward DNA cleavage and biological interactions with DNA and BSA; An experimental and computational studie

Enhancement of the anticancer potential and biosafety of BSA-modified, bacterial membrane-coated curcumin nanoparticles

Bacteria and bacterial components have been widely used as bionanocarriers to deliver drugs to treat tumors. In this study, we isolated bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) with good stability and high yield for macrophage polarization and cell recruitment. Using ultrasound baths, these bacterial OMVs were combined with curcumin nanoparticles (OMV CUR NPs), following which these nanoparticles were modified with bovine serum albumin (BSA) to achieve high biosafety and tumor-targeting effects. The particle size, PDI, and zeta potential of the BSA-OMV CUR NPs were 157.9 nm, 0.233, and -15.1 mV, respectively. The BSA-OMV CUR NPs exhibited high storage stability, low cytotoxicity, sustained release, enhanced cellular uptake of CUR, induction of tumor cell apoptosis, and inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and migration. By determining the survival rate, body length, heart rate, head size, eye size, and pericardium size of the zebrafish, we found that the BSA-OMV CUR NPs were safe for application in vivo. Moreover, an increase in antiproliferation, antiangiogenic and antimetastatic effects of BSA-OMV CUR NPs was demonstrated in wild-type and transgenic tumor-transplanted zebrafish embryos.

Interactions of three berberine mid-chain fatty acid salts with bovine serum albumin (BSA): Spectroscopic analysis and molecular docking

In this paper, the interaction of three berberine mid-chain fatty acid salts ([BBR][FAs]), viz. berberine caproate ([BBR][CAP]), berberine heptylate ([BBR][HEP]) and berberine octoate ([BBR][OCT]), with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied by means of UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and molecular docking techniques. Fluorescence experiments revealed that three berberine salts quench the fluorescence of BSA by static quenching mechanism resulted from a stable [BBR][FAs]-BSA complex formation. The stoichiometric numbers of [BBR][FAs]-BSA complexes were found to be 1:1. Synchronous and three-dimensional fluorescence spectra as well as FT-IR demonstrated that the binding of [BBR][FAs] altered the microenvironment and conformation of BSA. The binding average distance from [BBR][FAs] to BSA (3.2-3.5 nm) was determined according to Förster energy transfer theory. Site probe investigation showed that [BBR][FAs] bound to BSA active site I (sub-domain IIA). The binding promotes the esterase-like activity of BSA. The molecular docking results confirmed the fluorescence competition findings and provided the type of binding forces. Furthermore, the relationship between the anionic chain length of [BBR][FAs] and the interaction was explored, and the positive correlation was found.

Computational and experimental examinations of new antitumor palladium(II) complex: CT-DNA-/BSA-binding, in-silico prediction, DFT perspective, docking, molecular dynamics simulation and ONIOM

Since the design of metal complexes with better biological activities is important, herein a new palladium(II) complex bearing en and acac (en and acac stand for ethylenediamine and acetylacetonato, respectively) as its ligands, [Pd(en)(acac)]NO3 complex, was synthesized and fully characterized. Quantum chemical computations of the palladium(II) complex were done via DFT/B3LYP method. Cytotoxicity activity of the new compound on leukemia cell line (K562) was assessed via MTT method. The findings indicated that the metal complex has remarkable cytotoxic effect than cisplatin. OSIRIS DataWarrior software was employed to calculate in-silico physicochemical and toxicity parameters of the synthesized complex which rendered significant results. To comprehend the interaction type of new metal compound with macromolecules, the in depth investigation of interaction of mentioned complex with CT-DNA and BSA was accomplished by fluorescence, UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy, viscosity measurement, gel electrophoresis, FRET analysis and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. On the other hand, computational molecular docking was carried out and the obtained data demonstrated that H-bond and van der Waals forces are the dominant forces for the binding of the compound to the mentioned biomolecules. Molecular dynamics simulation was also done and confirmed the stability of best docked pose of palladium(II) complex inside DNA or BSA over the time and in presence of water solvent. Also, Our own N-layered Integrated molecular Orbital and molecular Mechanics (ONIOM) methodology based on the hybridization of quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) methodology was accomplished to inquire about binding of Pd(II) complex with DNA or BSA.HIGHLIGHTSNew biologically active Pd(II) complex was synthesized and characterized.The in silico studies of the designed complex and its ligands were accomplished by OSIRIS DataWarrior softwareInteraction with CT-DNA and BSA was assessed by various spectroscopic methods.Molecular docking simulation supported the interaction with both macromolecules.Based on ONIOM analysis, the structures of the complex and biomolecules are altered after binding. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

In-silico and in-detail experimental interaction studies of new antitumor Zn(II) complex with CT-DNA and serum albumin

In this study, a novel Zn(II) complex with the formula [Zn(pyrr-ac)2] (pyrr-ac: pyrrolidineacetate) was synthesized and characterized through molar conductivity, elemental analysis, 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR), UV-Visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) methods. B3LYP level of DFT method along with aug-cc-pVTZ-PP/6-311G(d,p) basis set was utilized to perform the geometry optimization and HOMO-LUMO analysis. In addition, MEP, NLO and NBO computations were also performed at the same level of theory. In vitro antitumor activity of the mentioned complex on leukemia cell line, K562, was investigated using the MTT assay which surprisingly revealed the effective antitumor activity of the studied zinc complex. Interaction of this compound with biological macromolecules viz., CT-DNA and BSA was studied via different spectroscopic methods. The results of fluorescence experiment displayed that the metal complex binds to both macromolecules through hydrogen bond (H-bond) and van der Waals (vdW) forces. UV-Vis tests indicated a decline in the absorption spectra of CT-DNA/BSA in the presence of the compound. The interaction was further corroborated for CT-DNA via gel electrophoresis, CD spectroscopy and viscosity experiments and for BSA using CD spectroscopy. Furthermore, molecular docking simulation was done to evaluate the nature of interaction between the aforementioned zinc complex and CT-DNA/BSA. These results were in agreement with experimental findings and demonstrated that the main interaction is hydrogen bonding. The above type of investigations may provide a pathway through which zinc complexes join the anticancer category.[Figure: see text]The in-silico and in-vitro results confirm that the newly made [Zn(pyrr-ac)2] complex interacts with CT-DNA than BSA.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Antibacterial activity and DNA interaction of triazine iron and ruthenium complexes: spectroscopic, voltammetric and theoretical studies

The 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (tptz), [Ru(μ-tptz)2]Cl2 and [Fe(μ-tptz)2]Cl2, complexes containing Ru (1) and Fe (2) are created. Using electronic absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, viscosity measurement and electrochemistry, as well as two complexes with Fish Salmon DNA (FS-DNA), the binding interactions of these complexes were investigated. According to binding assays, complexes bind to DNA through a mild intercalation mechanism, most likely via the DNA helix's base pairs being intercalated by the tptz ligand. Additionally, complex (2) is more capable of binding than complex (1). The electrochemical method offers a quick and easy way to determine the binding constant (Kb). The antibacterial performance of these complexes versus Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was examined using the zone of inhibition test, MIC, and MBC method, and the results revealed that complex (2) exhibits strong antibacterial activity against these bacteria. The outcomes of this investigation will help in understanding DNA interaction mechanisms as well as the creation of a prospective one. Additionally, the density functional theory (DFT) computation included probes of DNA structure and conformation as well as potential pharmacological regulators for particular disorders to fully explain the experimental results.

Exploring the Interaction Between the Newly Designed Antitumor Zn(II) Complex and CT-DNA/BSA: Spectroscopic Methods, DFT Computational Analysis, and Docking Simulation

A new zinc(II) complex formulated as [Zn(pipr-ac)2], where pipr-ac stands for piperidineacetate, was synthesized and structurally identified with the help of experimental and DFT methods. Frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis demonstrated that the new complex has higher biological activity compared to the free ligand. Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) showed the nitrogen atoms and oxygen of carbonyl groups are the active sites of Zn(II) compound. Also, natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis confirmed the charge transfer from the ligating atoms to the metal ion and formation of four coordinated Zn(II) complex. MTT assay illustrated a noticeable cytotoxic activity of the new zinc(II) complex compared to cisplatin on K562 cell line. The CT-DNA and serum albumin (SA) binding of the Zn(II) complex were explored individually. In this regard, UV-Vis spectroscopy and florescence titration revealed the occurrences of fluorescence quenching of CT-DNA/SA by metal compound via static mechanism and creation of hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions between them. The binding was further confirmed by viscosity measurement and gel electrophoresis assay for CT-DNA and circular dichroism spectroscopy for SA. Moreover, molecular docking simulation demonstrated that the new compound binds mainly through hydrogen bonds to the groove of DNA and hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions to site I of SA.

Spectroscopic and molecular modeling studies of binding interaction between the new complex of yttrium and 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives with DNA and BSA

In this study, the 4,9 diazafluoren-9-one ligand and [Y(Daf)2Cl3.OH2] complex were synthesized. The interaction of this complex with DNA and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The molecular docking method was used to confirm the experimental results, investigate the type of interaction, and determine the binding site. The binding constant and Stern-Volmer constant were calculated using spectroscopy techniques. The binding constant of the Y-complex with DNA and BSA obtained using the UV-vis technique was 1.61 × 105 M-1 and 0.49 × 105 M-1, while that obtained using the fluorescence method was 3.39 × 105 M-1 and 3.63 × 105 M-1, respectively. The results of experimental and theoretical data showed that the interaction between the yttrium complex and DNA and BSA is driven by the hydrogen bond and van der Waals interaction, respectively. The yttrium complex communicates with DNA via the groove interaction. This complex has high binding energy with bovine serum albumin. In addition, the molecular docking results showed that the complex binds to the IIA subdomain of BSA (site I). Finally, anticancer activity of the yttrium complex was studied on MCF-7 and A549 cell lines by using the MTT method. The IC50 values obtained showed that the yttrium complex possesses anticancer activity.