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Al Amaz S, Mishra B. Embryonic thermal manipulation: a potential strategy to mitigate heat stress in broiler chickens for sustainable poultry production. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:75. [PMID: 38831417 PMCID: PMC11149204 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to high environmental temperatures and climate change, heat stress is a severe concern for poultry health and production, increasing the propensity for food insecurity. With climate change causing higher temperatures and erratic weather patterns in recent years, poultry are increasingly vulnerable to this environmental stressor. To mitigate heat stress, nutritional, genetic, and managerial strategies have been implemented with some success. However, these strategies did not adequately and sustainably reduce the heat stress. Therefore, it is crucial to take proactive measures to mitigate the effects of heat stress on poultry, ensuring optimal production and promoting poultry well-being. Embryonic thermal manipulation (TM) involves manipulating the embryonic environment's temperature to enhance broilers' thermotolerance and growth performance. One of the most significant benefits of this approach is its cost-effectiveness and saving time associated with traditional management practices. Given its numerous advantages, embryonic TM is a promising strategy for enhancing broiler production and profitability in the poultry industry. TM increases the standard incubation temperature in the mid or late embryonic stage to induce epigenetic thermal adaption and embryonic metabolism. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the available literature and scientific evidence of the beneficial effect of pre-hatch thermal manipulation on broiler health and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadid Al Amaz
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, AgSci 216, 1955 East-West Rd, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Birendra Mishra
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, AgSci 216, 1955 East-West Rd, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
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Ruuskanen S. Early-life environmental effects on birds: epigenetics and microbiome as mechanisms underlying long-lasting phenotypic changes. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb246024. [PMID: 38449325 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Although the long-lasting effects of variation in early-life environment have been well documented across organisms, the underlying causal mechanisms are only recently starting to be unraveled. Yet understanding the underlying mechanisms of long-lasting effects can help us predict how organisms will respond to changing environments. Birds offer a great system in which to study developmental plasticity and its underlying mechanisms owing to the production of large external eggs and variation in developmental trajectories, combined with a long tradition of applied, physiological, ecological and evolutionary research. Epigenetic changes (such as DNA methylation) have been suggested to be a key mechanism mediating long-lasting effects of the early-life environment across taxa. More recently, changes in the early-life gut microbiome have been identified as another potential mediator of developmental plasticity. As a first step in understanding whether these mechanisms contribute to developmental plasticity in birds, this Review summarizes how changes in early-life environment (both prenatal and postnatal) influence epigenetic markers and the gut microbiome. The literature shows how both early-life biotic (such as resources and social environment) and abiotic (thermal environment and various anthropogenic stressors) factors modify epigenetic markers and the gut microbiome in birds, yet data concerning many other environmental factors are limited. The causal links of these modifications to lasting phenotypic changes are still scarce, but changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis have been identified as one putative pathway. This Review identifies several knowledge gaps, including data on the long-term effects, stability of the molecular changes, and lack of diversity in the systems studied, and provides directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi Ruuskanen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Survontie 9C, 40500 Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Vesilinnankatu 5, 20500 Turku, Finland
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Wang Z, Liang W, Yan D, Tian H, Dong B, Zhao W, Chang G, Chen G. Identification of genes related to growth traits from transcriptome profiles of duck breast muscle tissue. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:1239-1246. [PMID: 34965198 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.2018333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The growth and development of duck skeletal muscle is an important economic trait that is genetically regulated. The internal mechanism underlying the regulation of skeletal muscle growth and development in ducks remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify candidate genes related to the growth of duck skeletal muscle. RNA-sequencing technology was used to compare the transcriptome of duck breast muscles in an F2 population with the high breast muscle rate (HB) and the low breast muscle rate (LB). A total of 14,522 genes were confirmed to be expressed in the breast muscle, and 173 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the HB and LB groups. Functional analysis showed that these DEGs were mainly involved in biological processes and pathways of fat metabolism and muscle growth, especially the FABP3 and MYL4 involved in the PPAR signaling pathway and cardiac muscle contraction pathway. These findings deepened our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in muscle growth in ducks and provided a theoretical basis for improving duck production and breeding of ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenshuang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyue Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingqiang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guobin Chang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Zeng SQ, Liu CL, Huang CN, Si WJ, Liu CB, Ren LX, Zhang WY, He YM, Yuan Y, Zhang HY, Han YG, Na RS, E GX, Huang YF. Identification of the Differential Expression Profile of miRNAs in Longissimus dorsi Muscle of Dazu Black Goat. RUSS J GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s102279542211014x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Dunislawska A, Pietrzak E, Wishna Kadawarage R, Beldowska A, Siwek M. Pre-hatching and post-hatching environmental factors related to epigenetic mechanisms in poultry. J Anim Sci 2021; 100:6473202. [PMID: 34932113 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are phenotypic changes unrelated to the modification of the DNA sequence. These modifications are essential for regulating cellular differentiation and organism development. In this case, epigenetics controls how the animal's genetic potential is used. The main epigenetic mechanisms are microRNA activity, DNA methylation and histone modification. The literature has repeatedly shown that environmental modulation has a significant influence on the regulation of epigenetic mechanisms in poultry. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the current state of the knowledge in poultry epigenetics in terms of issues relevant to overall poultry production and the improvement of the health status in chickens and other poultry species. One of the main differences between birds and mammals is the stage of embryonic development. The bird's embryo develops outside its mother, so an optimal environment of egg incubation before hatching is crucial for development. It is also the moment when many factors influence the activation of epigenetic mechanisms, i.e., incubation temperature, humidity, light, as well as in ovo treatments. Epigenome of the adult birds, might be modulated by: nutrition, supplementation and treatment, as well as modification of the intestinal microbiota. In addition, the activation of epigenetic mechanisms is influenced by pathogens (i.e., pathogenic bacteria, toxins, viruses and fungi) as well as, the maintenance conditions. Farm animal epigenetics is still a big challenge for scientists. This is a research area with many open questions. Modern methods of epigenetic analysis can serve both in the analysis of biological mechanisms and in the research and applied to production system, poultry health and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dunislawska
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka , Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - E Pietrzak
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka , Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - R Wishna Kadawarage
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka , Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - A Beldowska
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka , Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - M Siwek
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka , Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Nord A, Giroud S. Lifelong Effects of Thermal Challenges During Development in Birds and Mammals. Front Physiol 2020; 11:419. [PMID: 32523540 PMCID: PMC7261927 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Before they develop competent endothermy, mammals and birds are sensitive to fluctuating temperature. It follows that early life thermal environment can trigger changes to the ontogeny of thermoregulatory control. At the ecological level, we have incomplete knowledge of how such responses affect temperature tolerance later in life. In some cases, changes to pre- and postnatal temperature prime an organism's capacity to meet a corresponding thermal environment in adulthood. However, in other cases, developmental temperature seems to constrain temperature tolerance later in life. The timing, duration, and severity of a thermal challenge will determine whether its impact is ameliorating or constraining. However, the effects influencing the transition between these states remain poorly understood, particularly in mammals and during the postnatal period. As climate change is predicted to bring more frequent spells of extreme temperature, it is relevant to ask under which circumstances developmental thermal conditions predispose or constrain animals' capacity to deal with temperature variation. Increasingly stochastic weather also implies increasingly decoupled early- and late-life thermal environments. Hence, there is a pressing need to understand better how developmental temperature impacts thermoregulatory responses to matched and mismatched thermal challenges in subsequent life stages. Here, we summarize studies on how the thermal environment before, and shortly after, birth affects the ontogeny of thermoregulation in birds and mammals, and outline how this might carry over to temperature tolerance in adulthood. We also identify key points that need addressing to understand how effects of temperature variation during development may facilitate or constrain thermal adaptation over a lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Nord
- Section for Evolutionary Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sylvain Giroud
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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