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Aksu F, Akkoc RF, Savur E, Çelik C. Effects of N-Acetylcysteine on Humanin and Endostatin in Rats Exposed to Formaldehyde. Cureus 2024; 16:e61354. [PMID: 38947691 PMCID: PMC11214271 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People are constantly exposed to formaldehyde, a volatile and poisonous gas, in indoor environments. In particular, anatomists, pathologists, histologists, and those involved in embalming are exposed to higher amounts of formaldehyde continuously due to their work. This study aimed to investigate the effect of N-acetylcysteine on endostatin and humanin values in male rats exposed to experimental formaldehyde. METHODS In the study, 28 male Spraque-Dawley rats aged 12-14 weeks (seven animals in each group: control group, formaldehyde group, N-acetylcysteine group, formaldehyde+N-acetylcysteine group) were used. Four weeks later, the animals were sacrificed by decapitation. Following decapitation, endostatin and humanin levels in the serum of rats were studied by the enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) method. In all analyses, p<0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. RESULTS Humanin and endostatin values were checked in the serum of rats. When humanin levels were compared between groups, a statistically significant difference was found between the formaldehyde group and both the control group (p<0.05) and the N-acetylcysteine group (p<0.05). In the formaldehyde+N-acetylcysteine group, it was determined that the humanin level was impaired due to formaldehyde exposure, approaching the control group values with the administered N-acetylcysteine. When the endostatin level was compared between the groups, a statistical significance (p<0.05) was found only between the formaldehyde group and the N-acetylcysteine group. In the formaldehyde+N-acetylcysteine group, it was determined that the endostatin level was impaired due to formaldehyde exposure, approaching the control group values with the administered N-acetylcysteine. CONCLUSION In this study, the effects of N-acetylcysteine on humanin and endostatin on rats exposed to formaldehyde were demonstrated for the first time. Formaldehyde exposure negatively affected humanin and endostatin levels in rat sera. N-acetylcysteine ameliorated the negative effects of formaldehyde, bringing humanin and endostatin levels closer to the healthy control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feyza Aksu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, TUR
| | | | - Ezgi Savur
- College of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, TUR
| | - Celal Çelik
- College of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, TUR
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Ma D, Zhang M, Feng J. Dietary Peppermint Extract Inhibits Chronic Heat Stress-Induced Activation of Innate Immunity and Inflammatory Response in the Spleen of Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1157. [PMID: 38672305 PMCID: PMC11047314 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary peppermint extract (PE) on innate immunity and inflammatory responses in the spleen of broiler chickens under chronic heat stress. In order to further study the mechanism of the activation of innate immunity and inflammation induced by chronic heat stress and the regulatory effect of peppermint extract, we examined the spleen's histological change, the mRNA expression of major pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) (TLR2, TLR4, NOD1, MDA5 and DAI) and transcription factors (NF-κB, AP-1 and IRF3) and downstream inflammatory cytokines (IFN-α, IFN-β, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) of innate immune signaling pathways associated with heat stress in the spleen of broiler chickens. The results indicated that chronic heat stress damaged the spleen tissue. In addition, chronic heat stress induced the activation of innate immunity and inflammatory responses by increasing the mRNA expression of TLR2, TLR4 and DAI, mRNA expression of transcriptional factors (NF-κB, AP-1 and IRF3) and the concentration of downstream inflammatory cytokines in the spleen of broiler chickens. Dietary peppermint extract alleviated the damage of spleen tissue caused by chronic heat stress. In addition, peppermint extract reduced the mRNA expression of DAI, mRNA expression of transcriptional factors NF-κB, AP-1 and IRF3, and the concentration of inflammatory cytokines in the spleen of broiler chickens under chronic heat stress. In conclusion, dietary peppermint extract could have a beneficial effect on regulating inflammatory response and innate immunity via inhibiting the activation of NF-κB, AP-1 and IRF3 signaling pathways mediated by DAI in the spleen of broiler chickens induced by chronic heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Minhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (D.M.); (J.F.)
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Georgoulis I, Bock C, Lannig G, Pörtner HO, Sokolova IM, Feidantsis K, Giantsis IA, Michaelidis B. Heat hardening enhances metabolite-driven thermoprotection in the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1244314. [PMID: 37841313 PMCID: PMC10570847 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1244314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Temperature affects organisms' metabolism and ecological performance. Owing to climate change, sea warming constituting a severe source of environmental stress for marine organisms, since it increases at alarming rates. Rapid warming can exceed resilience of marine organisms leading to fitness loss and mortality. However, organisms can improve their thermal tolerance when briefly exposed to sublethal thermal stress (heat hardening), thus generating heat tolerant phenotypes. Methods: We investigated the "stress memory" effect caused by heat hardening on M. galloprovincialis metabolite profile of in order to identify the underlying biochemical mechanisms, which enhance mussels' thermal tolerance. Results: The heat hardening led to accumulation of amino acids (e.g., leucine, isoleucine and valine), including osmolytes and cytoprotective agents with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that can contribute to thermal protection of the mussels. Moreover, proteolysis was inhibited and protein turnover regulated by the heat hardening. Heat stress alters the metabolic profile of heat stressed mussels, benefiting the heat-hardened individuals in increasing their heat tolerance compared to the non-heat-hardened ones. Discussion: These findings provide new insights in the metabolic mechanisms that may reinforce mussels' tolerance against thermal stress providing both natural protection and potential manipulative tools (e.g., in aquaculture) against the devastating climate change effects on marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Georgoulis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Environmental Control and Research Laboratory, Region of Central Macedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christian Bock
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Integrative Ecophysiology, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Gisela Lannig
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Integrative Ecophysiology, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Hans O. Pörtner
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Integrative Ecophysiology, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Inna M. Sokolova
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Feidantsis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Environmental Control and Research Laboratory, Region of Central Macedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Patras, Mesolonghi, Greece
| | - Ioannis A. Giantsis
- Environmental Control and Research Laboratory, Region of Central Macedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, Kozani, Greece
| | - Basile Michaelidis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Environmental Control and Research Laboratory, Region of Central Macedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Wang S, Hou K, Gui S, Ma Y, Wang S, Zhao S, Zhu X. Insulin-like growth factor 1 in heat stress-induced neuroinflammation: novel perspective about the neuroprotective role of chromium. STRESS BIOLOGY 2023; 3:23. [PMID: 37676529 PMCID: PMC10441889 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) can cause a series of stress responses, resulting in numerous negative effects on the body, such as the diminished food intake, carcass quality and reproductive capacity. In addition to the negative effects on the peripheral system, HS leads to central nervous system (CNS) disorders given its toll on neuroinflammation. This neuroinflammatory process is mainly mediated by microglia and astrocytes, which are involved in the activation of glial cells and the secretion of cytokines. While the regulation of inflammatory signaling has a close relationship with the expression of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), HS-induced neuroinflammation is closely related to the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Moreover, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are key players in the development of neuroinflammation. Chromium (Cr) has been widely shown to have neuroprotective effects in both humans and animals, despite the lack of mechanistic evidence. Evidence has shown that Cr supplementation can increase the levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), a major neurotrophic factor with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This review highlights recent advances in the attenuating effects and potential mechanisms of Cr-mediated IGF-1 actions on HS-induced neuroinflammation, providing presently existing evidence supporting the neuroprotective role of Cr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Kanghui Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Siqi Gui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yue Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Shanting Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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Gan R, Liu H, Wu S, Huang R, Tang Z, Zhang N, Hu L. Curcumin Alleviates Arsenic Trioxide-Induced Inflammation and Pyroptosis via the NF-κB/NLRP3 Signaling Pathway in the Hypothalamus of Ducks. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2503-2511. [PMID: 35737258 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03321-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) as a neurotoxic environmental pollutant has attracted extensive attention. Curcumin (Cur) is a natural antioxidant that shows an excellent protective effect against arsenic trioxide (ATO)-induced toxicity in many animal organs. However, the mechanism of Cur against ATO-induced hypothalamic toxicity in ducks has not yet been fully elucidated. Here, ducks were treated with ATO and/or Cur during 28 days; the results showed that ATO exposure induced growth retardation, messy feathers, and abnormal posture in ducks. Moreover, ATO caused neuron vacuolar degeneration and disintegration in the hypothalamus of ducks. Simultaneously, ATO induced blood-brain barrier damage, downregulated the expression of ZO-1, Occludin, and mediated NF-κB activation, resulting in an increase in inflammatory factors (TLR-4, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-2, and IL-6). Furthermore, ATO increased the production of pyroptosis-related factors (Caspase-1, IL-18, IL-1), exacerbating the inflammatory damage through NLRP3-mediated inflammasome activation. Cur, on the other hand, exerted excellent inhibitory effects on inflammation and pyroptosis. In summary, our study revealed that ATO triggered inflammation and pyroptosis by modulating NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathways in the hypothalamus of ducks, and Cur can alleviate inflammation and pyroptosis caused by ATO. Therefore, as a plant extract, Cur has the potential to prevent and cure ATO-induced hypothalamus toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rao Gan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shaofeng Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Riming Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Guangxi Nongken Yongxin Animal, Husbandry Group Co., Ltd, Nanning, 530022, Guangxi, China.
| | - Lianmei Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Liu J, Wu D, Leng Y, Li Y, Li N. Dietary supplementation with selenium polysaccharide from selenium-enriched Phellinus linteus improves antioxidant capacity, immunity and production performance of laying hens. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 77:127140. [PMID: 36812786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium (Se) plays a beneficial role in the physiological function of humans and animals. Selenium polysaccharide, improving enzyme activity and regulating immunity, is the extraction from selenium-rich plants or mushrooms. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of selenium polysaccharide from selenium-enriched Phellinus linteus on the antioxidative ability, immunity, serum biochemistry, and production performance of laying hens. METHODS Three hundred sixty adult laying hens were randomly assigned to 4 groups. The four groups were divided as follows: CK (control group), PS group (4.2 g/kg polysaccharide), Se group (0.5 Se mg/kg), and PSSe group (4.2 g/kg with 0.5 Se mg/kg, Selenium polysaccharide). RESULTS After the 8 weeks, the hens were sampled and the antioxidant ability(total antioxidant (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and Nitric Oxide (NO)), immunity(Interleukin-2(IL-2), Immunoglobulin M(IgM), Immunoglobulin A(IgA), Immunoglobulin G(IgG) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and secretory Immunoglobulin A(sIgA)), serum biochemistry(total protein, triglycerides, total cholesterol, glucose, glutamic-pyruvictransaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST)) and production performance were assessed. Compared with the control group, T-AOC, SOD, CAT, GSH, IL-2, IgM, IgA, sIgA, IgG, IFN-γ, total protein, average laying rate, average egg weight, and final body were significantly increased in the PS, Se, and PSSe groups, however, the MDA and NO, triglyceride, cholesterol, glucose, AST, ALT, average daily feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio were significantly decreased in the PS, Se, and PSSe groups. The PSSe group in the immune index, antioxidant ability and serum biochemistry was improved the highest. CONCLUSION The result suggested that selenium polysaccharide from selenium-enriched Phellinus linteus can enhance the antioxidant ability and immunity, change serum biochemistry, providing a new method for improving the production performance of laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun 130600 China
| | - Dan Wu
- Health Monitoring and Inspection Center of Jilin Province, Changchun 130062 China
| | - Yang Leng
- Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Wangqing County, Yanbian 133200 China
| | - Yun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun 130600 China.
| | - Nan Li
- Changchun Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun 130062 China.
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Cong W, Han W, Liu J, Zhao R, Wu L. Embryonic thermal manipulation leads growth inhibition and reduced hepatic insulin-like growth factor1 expression due to promoter DNA hypermethylation in broilers. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102562. [PMID: 36878101 PMCID: PMC10006857 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
When broilers cannot adapt to a high-temperature environment through self-regulation, it will cause heat stress, resulting in a large number of deaths and substantial economic losses. Studies have shown that thermal manipulation (TM) during the embryonic stage can improve broilers' ability to resist heat stress later. However, different TM strategies produce different results on broilers' growth. In this study, yellow-feathered broiler eggs were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups between E10 and E18, which the control group was incubated at 37.8°C with 56% humidity, and the TM group was subjected to 39°C with 65% humidity. After hatching, all broilers were reared normally until slaughtered at 12 d of age (D12). During D1 to D12, body weight, feed intake, and body temperature were recorded. The results showed that TM significantly decreased (P < 0.05) the final body weight, weight gain, and average daily feed intake of broilers. Meanwhile, the serum levels of Triiodothyronine (T3) and free T3 were significantly decreased in the TM group (P < 0.05). The expressions of hepatic growth regulation-associated genes, growth hormone receptor (GHR), insulin-like growth factor1, and 2 (IGF1 and IGF2) were significantly down-regulated in the TM group (P < 0.05). In addition, TM altered hepatic DNA methylation, resulting in a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the methylation of the IGF1 and GHR promoter regions. The above results indicated that TM during the embryonic stage decreased the serum thyroid hormone level and increased the methylation level of the IGF1 and GHR promoter regions to down-regulate the expression of growth-related genes, resulting in early growth inhibition of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cong
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Wanwan Han
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.
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Heat stress in pigs and broilers: role of gut dysbiosis in the impairment of the gut-liver axis and restoration of these effects by probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:126. [PMCID: PMC9673442 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractHeat stress is one of the most challenging stressors for animal production due to high economic losses resulting from impaired animal’s productivity, health and welfare. Despite the fact that all farm animal species are susceptible to heat stress, birds and pigs are particularly sensitive to heat stress due to either lacking or non-functional sweat glands. Convincing evidence in the literature exists that gut dysbiosis, a term used to describe a perturbation of commensal gut microbiota, develops in broilers and pigs under heat stress. Owing to the protective role of commensal bacteria for the gut barrier, gut dysbiosis causes a disruption of the gut barrier leading to endotoxemia, which contributes to the typical characteristics of heat stressed broilers and growing and growing-finishing pigs, such as reduced feed intake, decreased growth and reduced lean carcass weight. A substantial number of studies have shown that feeding of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics is an efficacious strategy to protect broilers from heat stress-induced gut barrier disruption through altering the gut microbiota and promoting all decisive structural, biochemical, and immunological elements of the intestinal barrier. In most of the available studies in heat stressed broilers, the alterations of gut microbiota and improvements of gut barrier function induced by feeding of either probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics were accompanied by an improved productivity, health and/or welfare when compared to non-supplemented broilers exposed to heat stress. These findings indicate that the restoration of gut homeostasis and function is a key target for dietary interventions aiming to provide at least partial protection of broilers from the detrimental impact of heat stress conditions. Despite the fact that the number of studies dealing with the same feeding strategy in heat stressed pigs is limited, the available few studies suggest that feeding of probiotics might also be a suitable approach to enhance productivity, health and welfare in pigs kept under heat stress conditions.
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Du J, Shi Y, Zhou C, Guo L, Hu R, Huang C, Hu G, Gao X, Guo X. Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin C on the liver of laying hens under chronic heat stress. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1052553. [PMID: 36387409 PMCID: PMC9650548 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1052553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect and mechanism of action of vitamin C on chronic heat stress (CHS)-induced liver oxidative damage and inflammation in laying hens. The thermoneutral control group (TN group) was kept at a constant temperature of 22 ± 1°C, while the chronic heat stress group (CHS group) and the vitamin C supplemented group (HSV group) were exposed to heat stress (HS) (36 ± 1°C, 8 h/d). The TN and HS groups were fed the basic diet at will, and the HSV group was supplemented with 300 mg/kg of vitamin C on top of the basic diet. The experimental results showed a significant improvement in body weight and feed intake in the HSV group compared to the HS group. A significantly lower pH and higher HCO3- and PCO2 levels were observed in the HSV group compared to the CHS group. As laying hens were supplemented with vitamin C, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level was declined, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were increased, and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) was increased. Further, CHS induced an increase in the expression of inflammation-related genes and a decrease in the expression of antioxidant-related genes. In contrast, the addition of vitamin C reversed the effects of CHS, resulting in an increase in the expression of antioxidant-related genes and a decrease in the expression of inflammation-related genes. In conclusion, vitamin C can effectively alleviate CHS-induced acid-base imbalance in body fluids of laying hens and the oxidative damage and inflammatory response caused to the liver. Therefore, vitamin C can be used clinically as an effective drug to alleviate chronic heat stress in laying hens. This experiment provides clinical evidence and theoretical basis for the use of vitamin C as an effective drug to alleviate chronic heat stress in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Du
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yan Shi
- School of Computer and Information Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Changming Zhou
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lianying Guo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ruiming Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaona Gao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaona Gao
| | - Xiaoquan Guo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Xiaoquan Guo
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Cao X, Guo L, Zhou C, Huang C, Li G, Zhuang Y, Yang F, Liu P, Hu G, Gao X, Guo X. Effects of N-acetyl-l-cysteine on chronic heat stress-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in the ovaries of growing pullets. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102274. [PMID: 36402045 PMCID: PMC9673114 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of supplemental N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) on chronic heat stress-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in the ovaries of growing pullets. A total of 120, 12-wk-old, Hy-Line Brown hens were randomly separated into 4 groups with 6 replicates of 5 birds in each group for 21 d. The 4 treatments were as follows: the CON group and CN group were supplemented with basal diet or basal diet with 1 g/kg NAC, respectively; and the HS group and HSN group were heat-stressed groups supplemented with basal diet or basal diet with 1 g/kg NAC, respectively. The results indicated that the ovaries suffered pathological damage due to chronic heat stress and that NAC effectively ameliorated these changes. Compared with the HS group, antioxidant enzyme activities (including SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, and T-AOC) were enhanced, while the MDA contents and the expression levels of HSP70 were decreased in the HSN group. In addition, NAC upregulated the expression levels of HO-1, SOD2, and GST by upregulating the activity of Nrf2 at different time points to mitigate oxidative stress caused by heat exposure. Simultaneously, NAC attenuated chronic heat stress-induced NF-κB pathway activation and decreased the expression levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-8, IL-18, TNF-α, IKK-α, and IFN-γ. Cumulatively, our results indicated that NAC could ameliorate chronic heat stress-induced ovarian damage by upregulating the antioxidative capacity and reducing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines.
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Tang LP, Liu YL, Zhang JX, Ding KN, Lu MH, He YM. Heat stress in broilers of liver injury Effects of heat stress on oxidative stress and autophagy in liver of broilers. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102085. [PMID: 36055022 PMCID: PMC9445375 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of chronic heat stress on oxidative stress in liver of broilers. In our study, chickens were randomly allocated to control 1 group (control 7 d), heat stress 1 group (HS1, 7 d), control 2 group (control 14 d) and heat stress 2 group (HS2, 14 d), with 30 replicates in each group. Broilers in heat stress groups exposed 8 h/day heat stress (35 ± 2°C) for 7 or 14 consecutive days, and the rest of time per day were kept at 23 ± 2℃ the same as control group broilers. Growth performance and the liver tissues were collected for histological observation and detection of organ index and liver redox status. The serum indicators (alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and aspartate aminotransferase [AST]) related to liver injury were determined. Moreover, Nrf2-related genes and protein expression levels in liver were measured. The results showed that in heat stress group broilers the body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, liver weight, and liver index were decreased, inflammatory cells infiltration in liver, and serum AST level was enhanced, compared with control group broilers. Moreover, the hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) level were increased after 1 wk of heat stress. Nrf2, Sqstm1/p62, HO-1, and NQO1 mRNA expressions in the liver of broilers were decreased by heat stress. P62 and p-p62 protein expressions were significantly up-regulated, but Nrf2 and keap1 protein level was decreased in heat stress group broilers as compared to control group. The mRNA expression levels of Beclin1, LC3-I, LC3-II were down-regulated significantly with heat stress for 1 wk. The mRNA expression level of mTOR up-regulated after 2 wk of heat stress. In conclusion, heat stress induced liver injury of broilers by down-regulating Nrf2-keap1 signaling pathway and autophagy.
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Li Z, Zhao Y, Zhuang Y, Xu Z, Wu C, Liu P, Hu G, Li G, Chen W, Gao X, Guo X. Effects of N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine on Serum Indices and Hypothalamic AMPK-Related Gene Expression Under Chronic Heat Stress. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:936250. [PMID: 35782541 PMCID: PMC9242840 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.936250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of heat stress on the physiological metabolism of young laying hens and whether N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) can effectively alleviate heat stress. 120 Hy-Line Brown laying hens aged 12 weeks were randomly divided into four groups: the control group (fed on basal diet under thermal neutral condition), HS group (fed on basal diet under heat stress condition), CN group (fed on the basic meal supplemented with 1,000 mg NAC per kg under thermal neutral condition), and HS+N group (fed on the basic meal was supplemented with 1000 mg NAC per kg under heat stress condition). The HS and HS+N groups were exposed to 36 ± 1°C for 10 h/day. The effects of NAC on the changes of serum concentrations of T3, T4, and CORT and hypothalamic gene and protein expressions induced by heat stress were measured. Results showed that heat stress upregulated the contents of T3, T4, and CORT, while NAC reduced the contents of T3, T4, and CORT. In addition, NAC downregulated AgRP expression, while upregulated the expression of POMC. Moreover, the expressions of AMPKα1, LKB1, and CPT1 were inhibited by NAC, while the expressions of AKT1, ACC, GPAT, and PPARα were increased after NAC treatment, and HMGR did not change significantly. Western blot and comprehensive immunofluorescence section of AMPK in the hypothalamus showed that NAC attenuated the activity of AMPK. In conclusion, NAC can enhance the resistance of laying hens to heat stress by alleviating the metabolic disorders of serum T3, T4, and CORT induced by heat stress, inhibiting the activation of the AMPK pathway and regulating the expression of appetite-related genes in the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqing Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yulan Zhao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Zhuang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Cong Wu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Guyue Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaona Gao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaona Gao
| | - Xiaoquan Guo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Xiaoquan Guo
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Wang YP, Wang YD, Liu YP, Cao JX, Yang ML, Wang YF, Khan A, Zhao TR, Cheng GG. 6'- O-Caffeoylarbutin from Que Zui tea ameliorates acetaminophen-induced liver injury via enhancing antioxidant ability and regulating the PI3K signaling pathway. Food Funct 2022; 13:5299-5316. [PMID: 35441652 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00507g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Que Zui tea (QT), a traditional herbal tea in China, has a significant hepatoprotective effect. 6'-O-Caffeoylarbutin (CA) is the most abundant chemical compound in the QT. However, the hepatoprotective effect of CA has not been investigated. This study is aimed to evaluate the protective effect of CA on acetaminophen (APAP) induced hepatotoxicity in vivo and in vitro and its possible underlying mechanism. In APAP-induced HepG-2 cells, CA inhibited intracellular ROS accumulation and cell apoptosis, and improved the expression of antioxidants including SOD, CAT and GSH. In APAP-administrated mice, CA pretreatment remarkably ameliorated the histopathological damage and inflammatory response, and antioxidant enzyme activity in the serum and liver tissues. Moreover, the immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assay results revealed that the CA markedly reduced ROS production and apoptosis, and activated antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 in the liver. Meanwhile, molecular docking results showed that the strong binding force of CA and PI3K was due to the higher number of hydrogen- and π-bonds with active site residues. Notably, CA pretreatment significantly regulated the expression of PI3K, Akt, Nrf2, NQO1, HO-1, Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9 proteins in APAP-treated liver tissues. These data demonstrated that CA had a protective effect against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity via regulating the PI3K/Akt and Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Peng Wang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Yu-Dan Wang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China. .,National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ya-Ping Liu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Jian-Xin Cao
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Mei-Lian Yang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Yi-Fen Wang
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Afsar Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Tian-Rui Zhao
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Gui-Guang Cheng
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
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