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Zhang D, Wang L, Ma S, Ma H, Liu D. Characterization of pig skeletal muscle transcriptomes in response to low temperature. Vet Med Sci 2022; 9:181-190. [PMID: 36480456 PMCID: PMC9857100 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The response of mammals to cold environment is a complex physiological activity, and its underlying mechanism must be analyzed from multiple perspectives. Skeletal muscle is an important thermogenic tissue that maintains body temperature in mammals. We dissected the molecular mechanism of pig skeletal muscle response to a cold environment by performing comparative transcriptome analysis in the Enshi black pig. METHODS Three pigs were subjected to acute cold stress (3 days), three pigs were subjected to cold acclimation (58 days), and three pigs were used as controls. RNA-seq was used to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of skeletal muscle. RESULTS Using RNA-seq methods, we identified 1241 DEGs within the acute cold stress group and 1886 DEGs within the cold acclimation group. Prolonged cold exposure induced more gene expression changes. A total of 540 key cold-responsive DEGs were found, and their trends were consistent within the acute cold stress group and cold acclimation group. Gene expression pattern analysis showed that there were significant differences between the low-temperature treatment groups and the control group, and there were also differences between individuals after long-term low-temperature treatment. Analysis of DEGs revealed that 134 pathways were significantly enriched in the cold adaptation group, 98 pathways were significantly enriched in the acute cold stress group, and 71 pathways were shared between the two groups. The 71 shared pathways were mainly related to lipid, amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolism; signal transduction; endocrine, immune, and nervous system; cardiovascular disease; infectious diseases caused by bacteria or viruses; and neurodegenerative disease. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study provides insights into the molecular mechanism of porcine skeletal muscle response under low-temperature environment. The data may assist further research on the mechanism of pig response to cold exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- DongJie Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry ResearchHeilongjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHarbinChina,Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal HusbandryMinistry of AgricultureHarbinChina
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry ResearchHeilongjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHarbinChina,Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal HusbandryMinistry of AgricultureHarbinChina
| | - ShouZheng Ma
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyInstitute of Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Hong Ma
- Institute of Animal Husbandry ResearchHeilongjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHarbinChina,Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal HusbandryMinistry of AgricultureHarbinChina
| | - Di Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry ResearchHeilongjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHarbinChina,College of Animal Science and TechnologyInstitute of Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
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Lian W, Gao D, Huang C, Zhong Q, Hua R, Lei M. Heat Stress Impairs Maternal Endometrial Integrity and Results in Embryo Implantation Failure by Regulating Transport-Related Gene Expression in Tongcheng Pigs. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030388. [PMID: 35327580 PMCID: PMC8945854 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) poses a significant threat to production and survival in the global swine industry. However, the molecular regulatory effects of heat stress on maternal endometrial cells are poorly understood in pigs during early embryo implantation. In this study, we systematically examined morphological changes in the endometrium and the corresponding regulation mechanism in response to HS by combining scanning electron microscopy (SEM), hematoxylin/eosin (H&E) staining, western blot, and RNA-seq analyses. Our results showed that HS led to porcine endometrium damage and endometrial thinness during embryo implantation. The expression levels of cell adhesion-related proteins, including N-cadherin and E-cadherin, in the uterus were significantly lower in the heat stress group (39 ± 1 °C, n = 3) than in the control group (28 ± 1 °C, n = 3). A total of 338 up-regulated genes and 378 down-regulated genes were identified in porcine endometrium under HS. The down-regulated genes were found to be mainly enriched in the pathways related to the microtubule complex, immune system process, and metalloendopeptidase activity, whereas the up-regulated genes were mainly involved in calcium ion binding, the extracellular region, and molecular function regulation. S100A9 was found to be one of the most significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the endometrium under HS, and this gene could promote proliferation of endometrial cells and inhibit their apoptosis. Meanwhile, HS caused endometrial epithelial cell (EEC) damage and inhibited its proliferation. Overall, our results demonstrated that HS induced uterine morphological change and tissue damage by regulating the expression of genes associated with calcium ions and amino acid transport. These findings may provide novel molecular insights into endometrial damage under HS during embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisi Lian
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (D.G.); (C.H.); (Q.Z.); (R.H.)
| | - Dengying Gao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (D.G.); (C.H.); (Q.Z.); (R.H.)
| | - Cheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (D.G.); (C.H.); (Q.Z.); (R.H.)
| | - Qiqi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (D.G.); (C.H.); (Q.Z.); (R.H.)
| | - Renwu Hua
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (D.G.); (C.H.); (Q.Z.); (R.H.)
| | - Minggang Lei
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (D.G.); (C.H.); (Q.Z.); (R.H.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Livestock, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Department of Pig Production, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence:
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Moreira VE, Veroneze R, Teixeira ADR, Campos LD, Lino LFL, Santos GA, Silva BAN, Campos PHRF. Effects of Ambient Temperature on the Performance and Thermoregulatory Responses of Commercial and Crossbred (Brazilian Piau Purebred Sires × Commercial Dams) Growing-Finishing Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113303. [PMID: 34828034 PMCID: PMC8614347 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Physiological responses to heat stress are affected by breed. Therefore, crossbreeding genetically improved lines with tropically adapted breeds of pigs may be a strategy to attenuate the impact of high ambient temperatures on pig production. Although some studies have evaluated thermotolerance in tropically adapted breeds, it is not yet clear to which extent improved tolerance to heat stress is a consequence of a greater ability to equilibrate thermogenesis and thermolysis, or if it is a consequence of decreased growth performance. Although there was no interaction for performance, thermoregulatory responses, and blood parameters, our results evidenced that ambient temperature effects on carcass parameters were modulated by the pigs’ genotype. Because protein deposition significantly decreased in response to high ambient temperature in commercial pigs, and was not affected by ambient temperature in Piau crossbred pigs, our study suggests increased thermotolerance of Piau crossbred pigs. Abstract The study aimed at evaluating the effects of high ambient temperature (HT: 30 °C) on the thermoregulatory responses and performance of commercial and Piau crossbred (Brazilian Piau breed sires × commercial genotype dams) growing pigs. Commercial and Piau crossbred pigs were reared under thermoneutral (TN: 22 °C) or HT conditions during a 14-day experimental period. Feeding (daily) and animals (beginning and end) were weighted to obtain performance parameters. Skin and rectal temperatures, respiratory rate, and blood parameters were also measured. At the end of the trial (day 15), the animal’s backfat thickness (BF) and loin eye area (LEA) were measured. No interaction (p > 0.05) between the genetic group and ambient temperature was observed for any performance trait. Irrespective of ambient temperature, Piau crossbred pigs had a similar feed intake (ADFI, 2615 g/day, on average; p > 0.05), lower daily weight gain (ADG, −234 g/day; p < 0.01), and a higher feed conversion ratio (FCR, +0.675 g/g; p < 0.01). There was interaction (p = 0.01) between genotype and ambient temperature for the LEA that decreased significantly in response to HT in commercial pigs (−6.88 cm2) and did not differ in response to ambient temperature in Piau crossbred pigs (29.14 cm2, on average; p > 0.05). Piau crossbred pigs had greater BF (+7.2 mm; p < 0.01) than commercial pigs. Regardless of the genetic group, exposure of pigs to HT resulted in decreased ADFI (−372 g/day; p < 0.01), ADG (−185 g/day; p < 0.01), and a higher FCR (+0.48 g/g; p = 0.01). Ambient temperature did not affect lipid deposition. Pigs at HT had an increased respiratory rate (+38 bpm; p < 0.01) and a long-lasting increase in skin and rectal temperatures compared to TN pigs. Total concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were not affected by ambient temperature in commercial pigs, whereas Piau crossbred pigs kept at 30 °C had a transient decrease in both hormones at day 2 (p < 0.01). Serum cortisol concentrations were not affected (p > 0.05) by genotype nor ambient temperature. In summary, Piau crossbred pigs had lower efficiency using nutrients for growth in association with increased lipid deposition when compared to commercial pigs. In response to HT, commercial pigs had a decreased LEA, whereas no effect was observed for Piau crossbred pigs. Apart from that, commercial and Piau crossbred pigs had a similar magnitude of thermoregulatory responses activation in response to HT, evidencing their innate survival-oriented function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Eduardo Moreira
- Animal Science Postgraduate Program, Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina 39100-000, MG, Brazil; (V.E.M.); (A.d.R.T.)
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (R.V.); (L.D.C.); (L.F.L.L.); (G.A.S.)
| | - Renata Veroneze
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (R.V.); (L.D.C.); (L.F.L.L.); (G.A.S.)
| | - Alípio dos Reis Teixeira
- Animal Science Postgraduate Program, Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina 39100-000, MG, Brazil; (V.E.M.); (A.d.R.T.)
| | - Lorena Duarte Campos
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (R.V.); (L.D.C.); (L.F.L.L.); (G.A.S.)
| | - Lais Fernanda Lopes Lino
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (R.V.); (L.D.C.); (L.F.L.L.); (G.A.S.)
| | - Gabryele Almeida Santos
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (R.V.); (L.D.C.); (L.F.L.L.); (G.A.S.)
| | - Bruno Alexander Nunes Silva
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros 39404-547, MG, Brazil;
| | - Paulo Henrique Reis Furtado Campos
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (R.V.); (L.D.C.); (L.F.L.L.); (G.A.S.)
- Correspondence:
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