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Kupakuwana P, Singh G, Storey KB. DNA hypomethylation in wood frog liver under anoxia and dehydration stresses. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 274:111005. [PMID: 38969165 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.111005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Wood frogs are freeze-tolerant vertebrates that can endure weeks to months frozen during the winter without breathing and with as much as 65% of total body water frozen as extracellular ice. Underlying tolerances of anoxia and of cellular dehydration support whole body freezing. One pro-survival mechanism employed by these frogs is epigenetic modifications via DNA hypomethylation processes facilitating transcriptional repression or activation. These processes involve proteins such as DNA Methyltransferases (DNMTs), Methyl Binding Domain proteins (MBDs), Ten-Eleven Translocases (TETs), and Thymine Deglycosylase (TDG). The present study evaluates the responses of these proteins to dehydration and anoxia stresses in wood frog liver. DNMT relative protein expression was reduced in liver, but nuclear DNMT activity did not change significantly under anoxia stress. By contrast, liver DNMTs and nuclear DNMT activity were upregulated under dehydration stress. These stress-specific differences were speculated to arise from Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs). DNMT3A and DNMT3B showed increased relative protein expression during recovery from dehydration and anoxia. Further, MBD1 was elevated during both conditions suggesting transcriptional repression. TET proteins showed varying responses to anoxia likely due to the absence of oxygen, a main substrate required by TETs. Similarly, TDG, an enzyme that corrects DNA damage, was downregulated under anoxia potentially due to lower levels of reactive oxygen species that damage DNA, but levels returned to normal during reperfusion of oxygen. Our results indicate differential stress-specific responses that indicate the need for more research in the DNA hypomethylation mechanisms employed by the wood frog during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panashe Kupakuwana
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa K1S 5B6, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gurjit Singh
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa K1S 5B6, Ontario, Canada.
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Giraud-Billoud M, Moreira DC, Minari M, Andreyeva A, Campos ÉG, Carvajalino-Fernández JM, Istomina A, Michaelidis B, Niu C, Niu Y, Ondei L, Prokić M, Rivera-Ingraham GA, Sahoo D, Staikou A, Storey JM, Storey KB, Vega IA, Hermes-Lima M. REVIEW: Evidence supporting the 'preparation for oxidative stress' (POS) strategy in animals in their natural environment. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 293:111626. [PMID: 38521444 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Hypometabolism is a common strategy employed by resilient species to withstand environmental stressors that would be life-threatening for other organisms. Under conditions such as hypoxia/anoxia, temperature and salinity stress, or seasonal changes (e.g. hibernation, estivation), stress-tolerant species down-regulate pathways to decrease energy expenditures until the return of less challenging conditions. However, it is with the return of these more favorable conditions and the reactivation of basal metabolic rates that a strong increase of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) occurs, leading to oxidative stress. Over the last few decades, cases of species capable of enhancing antioxidant defenses during hypometabolic states have been reported across taxa and in response to a variety of stressors. Interpreted as an adaptive mechanism to counteract RONS formation during tissue hypometabolism and reactivation, this strategy was coined "Preparation for Oxidative Stress" (POS). Laboratory experiments have confirmed that over 100 species, spanning 9 animal phyla, apply this strategy to endure harsh environments. However, the challenge remains to confirm its occurrence in the natural environment and its wide applicability as a key survival element, through controlled experimentation in field and in natural conditions. Under such conditions, numerous confounding factors may complicate data interpretation, but this remains the only approach to provide an integrative look at the evolutionary aspects of ecophysiological adaptations. In this review, we provide an overview of representative cases where the POS strategy has been demonstrated among diverse species in natural environmental conditions, discussing the strengths and weaknesses of these results and conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano Giraud-Billoud
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo-CONICET, Mendoza 5500, Argentina; Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza 5500, Argentina; Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud-Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Villa Mercedes, San Luis 5730, Argentina.
| | - Daniel C Moreira
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil; Research Center in Morphology and Applied Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Marina Minari
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Aleksandra Andreyeva
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Moscow 119991, Russia; Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St-Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Élida G Campos
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Juan M Carvajalino-Fernández
- Laboratory of Adaptations to Extreme Environments and Global Change Biology, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Aleksandra Istomina
- V.I. Il'ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Basile Michaelidis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, University of Thessaloniki, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Cuijuan Niu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yonggang Niu
- Department of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Luciana Ondei
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Câmpus Central, 75132-903 Anápolis, GO, Brazil
| | - Marko Prokić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Georgina A Rivera-Ingraham
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Southport 4215, Gold Coast, Queensland. Australia; UMR9190-MARBEC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, 34090, France
| | - Debadas Sahoo
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology, S.C.S. Autonomous College, Puri, Odis ha-752001, India
| | - Alexandra Staikou
- Laboratory of Marine and Terrestrial Animal Diversity, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, University of Thessaloniki, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Janet M Storey
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Israel A Vega
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo-CONICET, Mendoza 5500, Argentina; Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza 5500, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Hermes-Lima
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.
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Ning Z, Chen Y, Wang Z, Zhou H, Sun M, Yao T, Mu W. Transcriptome, histological, and physiological responses of Amur sleeper (Perccottus glenii) during cold stress, freezing, and recovery. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 49:101192. [PMID: 38278046 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Freeze tolerance is a survival strategy employed by some ectotherms living in extremely cold environments. Some fish in extremely cold areas can recover from their frozen state, but they also have to endure cold stress. Amur sleeper (Perccottus glenii) can recover from a completely frozen state. To explore the response of freeze-resistant fish to low temperatures, we analyzed histological alterations, and antioxidant and carbohydrate-lipid metabolizing enzymes of P. glenii under low temperatures. So far, sensory genes regulating P. glenii during cold stress, freezing, and recovery have not been identified. Ultrastructure results indicated that glycogen content and mitochondrial ridge decreased during cold stress and freezing, whereas the number of endoplasmic reticulum increased during recovery. Plasma glucose and glycerol levels of the three treatment groups significantly increased. Lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase levels significantly increased during cold stress and freezing, and hexokinase levels significantly increased during cold stress. In total, 30,560 unigenes were found (average length 1724 bp, N50 2843 bp). In addition, 7370 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; including 2938 upregulated genes and 4432 downregulated genes) were identified. KEGG analysis revealed that the DEGs were enriched in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, lipid synthesis, immune system, and anti-apoptosis. Genes involved in glycolysis and phospholipid metabolism were significantly upregulated during cold stress; genes related to circadian rhythm, oxidative phosphorylation, and lipid synthesis were significantly upregulated during freezing; and genes involved in the immune system and anti-apoptosis were significantly upregulated during recovery. Our results attempt to offer new insights into the physiological mechanisms of complex adaptation in P. glenii and provide useful information for future studies on the mechanism underlying freezing/recovery in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Ning
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Yingqiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Haishui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Mingyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Tiehui Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Weijie Mu
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China.
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DNA Hypomethylation May Contribute to Metabolic Recovery of Frozen Wood Frog Brains. EPIGENOMES 2022; 6:epigenomes6030017. [PMID: 35893013 PMCID: PMC9326605 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes6030017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional suppression is characteristic of extreme stress responses, speculated to preserve energetic resources in the maintenance of hypometabolism. In recent years, epigenetic regulation has become heavily implicated in stress adaptation of many animals, including supporting freeze tolerance of the wood frog (Rana sylvatica). However, nervous tissues are frequently lacking in these multi-tissue analyses which warrants investigation. The present study examines the role of DNA methylation, a core epigenetic mechanism, in the response of wood frog brains to freezing. We use immunoblot analysis to track the relative expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMT), methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD) proteins and ten-eleven-translocation (TET) demethylases across the freeze-thaw cycle in R. sylvatica brain, including selected comparisons to freeze-associated sub-stresses (anoxia and dehydration). Global methyltransferase activities and 5-hmC content were also assessed. The data show coordinated evidence for DNA hypomethylation in wood frog brains during freeze-recovery through the combined roles of depressed DNMT3A/3L expression driving lowered DNMT activity and increased TET2/3 levels leading to elevated 5-hmC genomic content (p < 0.05). Raised levels of DNMT1 during high dehydration were also noteworthy. The above suggest that alleviation of transcriptionally repressive 5-mC DNA methylation is a necessary component of the wood frog freeze-thaw cycle, potentially facilitating the resumption of a normoxic transcriptional state as frogs thaw and resume normal metabolic activities.
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