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Huang Y, Yang Z, Tang Y, Chen H, Liu T, Peng G, Huang X, He X, Mei M, Du C. Identification of a signature of histone modifiers in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:205944. [PMID: 38888515 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is a cancer that is closely associated with epigenetic alterations, and histone modifiers (HMs) are closely related to epigenetic regulation. Therefore, this study aimed to comprehensively explore the function and prognostic value of HMs-based signature in KIRC. HMs were first obtained from top journal. Then, the mRNA expression profiles and clinical information in KIRC samples were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. Cox regression analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) analysis were implemented to find prognosis-related HMs and construct a risk model related to the prognosis in KIRC. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to determine prognostic differences between high- and low-risk groups. Immune infiltration and drug sensitivity analysis were also performed between high- and low-risk groups. Eventually, 8 HMs were successfully identified for the construction of a risk model in KIRC. The results of the correlation analysis between risk signature and the prognosis showed HMs-based signature has good prognostic value in KIRC. Results of immune analysis of risk models showed there were significant differences in the level of immune cell infiltration and expression of immune checkpoints between high- and low-risk groups. The results of the drug sensitivity analysis showed that the high-risk group was more sensitive to several chemotherapeutic agents such as Sunitinib, Tipifarnib, Nilotinib and Bosutinib than the low-risk group. In conclusion, we successfully constructed HMs-based prognostic signature that can predict the prognosis of KIRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Huang
- Department of Urology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Zhongsheng Yang
- Department of Urology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Day Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Urology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Tairong Liu
- Department of Urology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Guanghua Peng
- Department of Urology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Urology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Xiaolong He
- Department of Urology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Ming Mei
- Department of Day Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Chuance Du
- Department of Urology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
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Hu S, Yan X, Bian W, Ni B. The m6A reader IGF2BP1 manipulates BUB1B expression to affect malignant behaviors, stem cell properties, and immune resistance of non-small-cell lung cancer stem cells. Cytotechnology 2023; 75:517-532. [PMID: 37841956 PMCID: PMC10575838 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-023-00594-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is the most common internal modification in eukaryotic mRNA and an important mechanism for post-transcriptional regulation of genes. This study focuses on the role of the m6A reader insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) in the malignant behaviors of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and especially the cancer stem cells (CSCs). We obtained IGF2BP1 as an aberrantly upregulated gene linking to poor survival of patients with NSCLC by bioinformatics, and then confirmed increased IGF2BP1 expression in NSCLC tissues and cells, especially in the enriched CSCs. Knockdown of IGF2BP1 suppressed proliferation, mobility and epithelial-mesenchymal transition activity of NSCLC cells and CSCs, and it reduced stemness, self-renewal ability, xenograft tumorigenesis and immune resistance of the CSCs. IGF2BP1 was predicted to have a positive correlation with BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase B (BUB1B), and it upregulated BUB1B expression through m6A modification. Further overexpression of BUB1B in CSCs counteracted the effects of IGF2BP1 silencing and restored the malignant phenotype, self-renewal, and immune resistance of CSCs in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, this work demonstrates that IGF2BP1 manipulates BUB1B expression to affect malignant behaviors, stem cell properties and immune resistance of NSCLC stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Hu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Yan
- Physical Examination Center, Suzhou Jiulong Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Bian
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Ni
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899, Pinghai Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
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Miao TW, Chen FY, Du LY, Xiao W, Fu JJ. Signature based on RNA-binding protein-related genes for predicting prognosis and guiding therapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:930826. [PMID: 36118863 PMCID: PMC9479344 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.930826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies have reported that RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are dysregulated in multiple cancers and are correlated with the progression and prognosis of disease. However, the functions of RBPs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain unclear. The present study aimed to explore the function of RBPs in NSCLC and their prognostic and therapeutic value.Methods: The mRNA expression profiles, DNA methylation data, gene mutation data, copy number variation data, and corresponding clinical information on NSCLC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas, Gene Expression Omnibus, and the University of California Santa Cruz Xena databases. The differentially expressed RBPs were identified between tumor and control tissues, and the expression and prognostic value of these RBPs were systemically investigated by bioinformatics analysis. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed to validate the dysregulated genes in the prognostic signature.Results: A prognostic RBP-related signature was successfully constructed based on eight RBPs represented as a risk score using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis. The high-risk group had a worse overall survival (OS) probability than the low-risk group (p < 0.001) with 1-, 3-, and 5-year area under the receiver operator characteristic curve values of 0.671, 0.638, and 0.637, respectively. The risk score was associated with the stage of disease (p < 0.05) and was an independent prognostic factor for NSCLC when adjusted for age and UICC stage (p < 0.001, hazard ratio (HR): 1.888). The constructed nomogram showed a good predictive value. The P53, focal adhesion, and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways were the primary pathways in the high-risk group (adjusted p value <0.05). The high-risk group was correlated with increased immune infiltration (p < 0.05), upregulated relative expression levels of programmed cell death 1 (PD1) (p = 0.015), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) (p = 0.042), higher gene mutation frequency, higher tumor mutational burden (p = 0.034), and better chemotherapy response (p < 0.001). The signature was successfully validated using the GSE26939, GSE31210, GSE30219, and GSE157009 datasets. Dysregulation of these genes in patients with NSCLC was confirmed using the qPCR in an independent cohort (p < 0.05).Conclusion: An RBP-related signature was successfully constructed to predict prognosis in NSCLC, functioning as a reference for individualized therapy, including immunotherapy and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ti-Wei Miao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang-Ying Chen
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Long-Yi Du
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan-Juan Fu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Juan-Juan Fu,
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Miao TW, Yang DQ, Gao LJ, Yin J, Zhu Q, Liu J, He YQ, Chen X. Construction of a redox-related gene signature for overall survival prediction and immune infiltration in non-small-cell lung cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:942402. [PMID: 36052170 PMCID: PMC9425056 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.942402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: An imbalance in the redox homeostasis has been reported in multiple cancers and is associated with a poor prognosis of disease. However, the prognostic value of redox-related genes in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. Methods: RNA sequencing data, DNA methylation data, mutation, and clinical data of NSCLC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Redox-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were used to construct the prognostic signature using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis. Kaplan–Meier survival curve and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were applied to validate the accuracy of the gene signature. Nomogram and calibration plots of the nomogram were constructed to predict prognosis. Pathway analysis was performed using gene set enrichment analysis. The correlations of risk score with tumor stage, immune infiltration, DNA methylation, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and chemotherapy sensitivity were evaluated. The prognostic signature was validated using GSE31210, GSE26939, and GSE68465 datasets. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to validate dysregulated genes in NSCLC. Results: A prognostic signature was constructed using the LASSO regression analysis and was represented as a risk score. The high-risk group was significantly correlated with worse overall survival (OS) (p < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) at the 5-year stage was 0.657. The risk score was precisely correlated with the tumor stage and was an independent prognostic factor for NSCLC. The constructed nomogram accurately predicted the OS of patients after 1-, 3-, and 5-year periods. DNA replication, cell cycle, and ECM receptor interaction were the main pathways enriched in the high-risk group. In addition, the high-risk score was correlated with higher TMB, lower methylation levels, increased infiltrating macrophages, activated memory CD4+ T cells, and a higher sensitivity to chemotherapy. The signature was validated in GSE31210, GSE26939, and GSE68465 datasets. Real-time PCR validated dysregulated mRNA expression levels in NSCLC. Conclusions: A prognostic redox-related gene signature was successfully established in NSCLC, with potential applications in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ti-wei Miao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zigong First People’s Hospital, Zigong, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - De-qing Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Li-juan Gao
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yin
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zigong First People’s Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zigong First People’s Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Yan-qiu He
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zigong First People’s Hospital, Zigong, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Chen,
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Cancer mutation profiles predict ICIs efficacy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Expert Rev Mol Med 2022; 24:e16. [PMID: 35373730 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2022.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have produced remarkable responses in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, receivers still have a relatively low response rate. Initial response assessment by conventional imaging and evaluation criteria is often unable to identify whether patients can achieve durable clinical benefit from ICIs. Overall, there are sparse effective biomarkers identified to screen NSCLC patients responding to this therapy. A lot of studies have reported that patients with specific gene mutations may benefit from or resist to immunotherapy. However, the single gene mutation may be not effective enough to predict the benefit from immunotherapy for patients. With the advancement in sequencing technology, further studies indicate that many mutations often co-occur and suggest a drastic transformation of tumour microenvironment phenotype. Moreover, co-mutation events have been reported to synergise to activate or suppress signalling pathways of anti-tumour immune response, which also indicates a potential target for combining intervention. Thus, the different mutation profile (especially co-mutation) of patients may be an important concern for predicting or promoting the efficacy of ICIs. However, there is a lack of comprehensive knowledge of this field until now. Therefore, in this study, we reviewed and elaborated the value of cancer mutation profile in predicting the efficacy of immunotherapy and analysed the underlying mechanisms, to provide an alternative way for screening dominant groups, and thereby, optimising individualised therapy for NSCLC patients.
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Trends in lung cancer incidence by age, sex and histology from 2012 to 2025 in Catalonia (Spain). Sci Rep 2021; 11:23274. [PMID: 34857781 PMCID: PMC8639747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02582-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains one the most common cancers in Europe and ranks first in terms of cancer mortality in both sexes. Incidence rates vary by region and depend above all on the prevalence of tobacco consumption. In this study we describe recent trends in lung cancer incidence by sex, age and histological type in Catalonia and project changes according to histology by 2025. Bayesian age-period-cohort models were used to predict trends in lung cancer incidence according to histological type from 2012 to 2025, using data from the population-based Catalan cancer registries. Data suggest a decrease in the absolute number of new cases in men under the age of 70 years and an increase in women aged 60 years or older. Adenocarcinoma was the most common type in both sexes, while squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma were decreasing significantly among men. In both sexes, the incident cases increased by 16% for patients over 70 years. Increases in adenocarcinoma and rising incidence in elderly patients suggest the need to prioritize strategies based on multidisciplinary teams, which should include geriatric specialists.
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Pelosi G. KEAP1 and TP53 (Co)mutation in Lung Adenocarcinoma: Another Bullet for Immunotherapy? J Thorac Oncol 2021; 16:1979-1983. [PMID: 34809800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pelosi
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Inter-Hospital Pathology Division, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico MultiMedica, Milan, Italy.
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Jiang H, Xu A, Xia W, Xia X, Li P, Zhang B, Zhu K, Zhou S, Wang R. Nivolumab monotherapy or combination therapy with ipilimumab for lung cancer: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:426. [PMID: 34391428 PMCID: PMC8364020 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02100-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high incidence and mortality of lung cancer have seriously affected human life and health. Nivolumab is a monoclonal antibody that can inhibit programmed death 1 (PD-1) and Ipilimumab is a monoclonal antibody against CTLA-4(cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4), both of which can prevent the immune escape of tumor cells. Our goal was to synthesize evidence from published randomized controlled trials involving the safety and efficacy of either Nivolumab alone or in combination for the treatment of unresectable lung cancer. METHODS We searched the following electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane libraries, and screened the retrieved records for eligibility. We used the Stata16 software for the analyses. The results of the analysis are expressed as hazard ratios (HRs) or risk ratios (RRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS The final analysis included seven trials involving 3817 patients. Among patients with advanced lung cancer, patients using immunotherapy had better overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and an objective response rate (ORR) than patients receiving chemotherapy. The HR of Nivolumab monotherapy or combination therapy with OS was compared with that of chemotherapy (HR: 0.73, 95% CI 0.64-0.83; HR: 0.67, 95% CI 0.55-0.81), and the HR of PFS was (HR: 0.81, 95% CI 0.69-0.94; HR: 0.67, 95% CI 0.55-0.82). CONCLUSIONS Immunotherapy has been shown to have more clinically meaningful survival benefits for patients with lung cancer, whether monotherapy or combination immunotherapy. CRD42020213440.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Aiqun Xu
- Department of General Medicine, Hefei Second People's Hospital, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Wanli Xia
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Xingyuan Xia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Pulin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Binbin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Ke Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Sijing Zhou
- Hefei Third Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China. .,Hefei Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
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Clinicopathological and Prognostic Significance of Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein (IAP) Family Members in Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164098. [PMID: 34439255 PMCID: PMC8392569 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Approximately 85% is non-small-cell and 15% is small-cell lung cancer. The inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) represent a heterogeneous family of anti-apoptotic proteins, some members of which have been reported to correlate with clinical outcome in lung cancer. We screened PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for studies that investigated the prognostic value and clinicopathological features of IAPs in lung cancer. Forty-five eligible studies with 4428 patients assessed the expression of the IAPs survivin, XIAP, livin, and BRUCE. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) of 33 studies that analyzed overall survival (OS) revealed a positive correlation between survivin expression and poor prognosis. Seven studies displayed a strong association between survivin and disease recurrence. Two studies that assessed the expression of XIAP and livin, respectively, proved a significant relationship of these IAPs with poor OS. Meta-analyses of clinicopathological variables revealed a significant association between survivin and T stage, UICC stage, the presence of lymph node metastasis, and grade of differentiation. In conclusion, high expression of distinct IAPs significantly correlates with prognosis in lung cancer. Therefore, lung cancer patients might benefit from a targeted therapy against specific IAPs.
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Behrouzfar K, Burton K, Mutsaers SE, Morahan G, Lake RA, Fisher SA. How to Better Understand the Influence of Host Genetics on Developing an Effective Immune Response to Thoracic Cancers. Front Oncol 2021; 11:679609. [PMID: 34235080 PMCID: PMC8256168 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.679609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Thoracic cancers pose a significant global health burden. Immune checkpoint blockade therapies have improved treatment outcomes, but durable responses remain limited. Understanding how the host immune system interacts with a developing tumor is essential for the rational development of improved treatments for thoracic malignancies. Recent technical advances have improved our understanding of the mutational burden of cancer cells and changes in cancer-specific gene expression, providing a detailed understanding of the complex biology underpinning tumor-host interactions. While there has been much focus on the genetic alterations associated with cancer cells and how they may impact treatment outcomes, how host genetics affects cancer development is also critical and will greatly determine treatment response. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genetic variants associated with cancer predisposition. This approach has successfully identified host genetic risk factors associated with common thoracic cancers like lung cancer, but is less effective for rare cancers like malignant mesothelioma. To assess how host genetics impacts rare thoracic cancers, we used the Collaborative Cross (CC); a powerful murine genetic resource designed to maximize genetic diversity and rapidly identify genes associated with any biological trait. We are using the CC in conjunction with our asbestos-induced MexTAg mouse model, to identify host genes associated with mesothelioma development. Once genes that moderate tumor development and progression are known, human homologues can be identified and human datasets interrogated to validate their association with disease outcome. Furthermore, our CC-MexTAg animal model enables in-depth study of the tumor microenvironment, allowing the correlation of immune cell infiltration and gene expression signatures with disease development. This strategy provides a detailed picture of the underlying biological pathways associated with mesothelioma susceptibility and progression; knowledge that is crucial for the rational development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Here we discuss the influence of host genetics on developing an effective immune response to thoracic cancers. We highlight current knowledge gaps, and with a focus on mesothelioma, describe the development and application of the CC-MexTAg to overcome limitations and illustrate how the knowledge gained from this unique study will inform the rational design of future treatments of mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiarash Behrouzfar
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases (NCARD), University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Kimberley Burton
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases (NCARD), University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Steve E. Mutsaers
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Grant Morahan
- Centre for Diabetes Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Richard A. Lake
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases (NCARD), University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Scott A. Fisher
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases (NCARD), University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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Benitez JC, Besse B. Narrative review of immunotherapy in thymic malignancies. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:3001-3013. [PMID: 34295693 PMCID: PMC8264314 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Thymomas and thymic carcinomas (TCs) (also known as Thymic Epithelial Tumors or TETs) are rare cancers and the most frequent masses of the anterior mediastinum. These tumors appear in the epithelial component of the thymus, a primary lymphoid organ, and they have reported a high risk of auto-immunity due to a unique biology. Indeed, up to 30% of patients with TETs could present an autoimmune disorder (AID), the most frequent being Myasthenia Gravis (MG). Moreover, AIDs have been reported not only at tumor diagnosis but before and during the follow-up. These tumors have a lack of specific therapeutic targets for metastatic setting. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) may defeat cancer cells' capacity to evade the immune system and proliferate. The long-term benefit of ICIs in the metastatic setting in several tumors, such as melanoma or non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), let to evaluate ICI approaches in TETs. The high rate of AIDs and distribution of autoimmune events among TET's histological subtypes may have an influence on the decision regarding a treatment based on ICI due to the increased risk of toxicity. We summarize the current evidence for the efficacy of ICI in thymoma and TC and discuss several unresolved challenges and concerns for the use of this agents in TETs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Besse
- Gustave Roussy, Department of Cancer Medicine, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
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Zhang J, An L, Zhou X, Shi R, Wang H. Analysis of tumor mutation burden combined with immune infiltrates in endometrial cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:551. [PMID: 33987249 PMCID: PMC8105813 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-6049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor mutational burden (TMB) is widely regarded as a predictor of response to immunotherapy. Few researchers have focused on the activity and prognosis of TMB in endometrial cancer (EC) and immune cells. Our study aimed to identify the prognostic role of TMB in EC. METHODS We downloaded transcriptome data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Kaplan-Meier analysis with log-rank test was conducted to assess the difference in overall survival (OS) between the high and low TMB groups. The "CIBERSORT" scripts were performed to evaluate the immune compositions of EC patients. Cox regression analysis and survival analysis were used to verify the prognostic value prognosis of TMB. RESULTS We obtained the single nucleotide mutation data for 529 EC patients. A missense mutation was the most common mutation type. TMB was associated with survival outcome, tumor grades, and pathological types. We identified 10 hub TMB-related signature and found that elevated T-cell subsets infiltrating density in the high TMB group revealed improved survival outcomes. According to Kaplan-Meier analysis, T cells gamma delta and T cells regulatory were prognostic immune cells in EC samples. Moreover, many top gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) results, including amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, nucleotide excision repair, or p53 signaling pathway, were enriched significantly with TMB level as phenotype. CONCLUSIONS TMB is an important prognostic factor for EC, and TMB-related genes may be potential therapeutic targets for EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lanfen An
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Lymphatic Metastasis of NSCLC Involves Chemotaxis Effects of Lymphatic Endothelial Cells through the CCR7-CCL21 Axis Modulated by TNF-α. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11111309. [PMID: 33158173 PMCID: PMC7694274 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis and recurrence are the main causes of lung adenocarcinoma patients’ death. Lymphatic metastasis is the main way of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) metastasis. C-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7) overexpression has been demonstrated to mediate occurrence and progression of NSCLC. Moreover, Chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21) was used to activate CCR7. The CCR7–CCL21 axis is one of the most common “chemokine-receptor” modes of action in the development and metastasis of multiple tumors. However, the role of the CCR7–CCL21 axis in lymphatic metastasis of NSCLC is poorly understood. The study was conducted to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying CCR7–CCL21 axis-mediated lymphatic metastasis of NSCLC A549 cells. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) could regulate the tumor microenvironment balance by promoting chemokine secretion. Our study demonstrated that TNF-α promoted CCL21 production in human lymphatic endothelial cells (HLEC). Results further showed that TNF-α significantly activated the NF-κB pathway in HLEC. NF–κB pathway inhibition with ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC) caused a significant decrease in CCL21 secretion, suggesting that TNF-α-induced CCL21 secretion in HLEC was through NF–κB pathway. Co-culture of A549 cells and TNF-α-treated HLEC confirmed that the metastasis of A549 cells was enhanced, meanwhile, apoptosis-related proteins were hardly affected. The data proved that a co-culture system prevented cell apoptosis while inducing the lymphatic metastasis of A549 cells. However, the situation was reversed after neutralizing CCL21 expression, suggesting that TNF-α-induced CCL21 secretion in HLEC is involved in A549 cells metastasis. Collectively, our finding demonstrated that NF-κB pathway-controlled CCL21 secretion of HLEC contributing to the lymphatic metastasis of A549 cells via the CCR7–CCL21 axis, validating the CCR7–CCL21 axis as a potential target to inhibit metastasis of NSCLC.
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Xu J, Nie H, He J, Wang X, Liao K, Tu L, Xiong Z. Using Machine Learning Modeling to Explore New Immune-Related Prognostic Markers in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:550002. [PMID: 33215029 PMCID: PMC7665579 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.550002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To find new immune-related prognostic markers for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS We found GSE14814 is related to NSCLC in GEO database. The non-small cell lung cancer observation (NSCLC-OBS) group was evaluated for immunity and divided into high and low groups for differential gene screening according to the score of immune evaluation. A single factor COX regression analysis was performed to select the genes related to prognosis. A prognostic model was constructed by machine learning, and test whether the model has a test efficacy for prognosis. A chip-in-chip non-small cell lung cancer chemotherapy (NSCLC-ACT) sample was used as a validation dataset for the same validation and prognostic analysis of the model. The coexpression genes of hub genes were obtained by pearson analysis and gene enrichment, function enrichment and protein interaction analysis. The tumor samples of patients with different clinical stages were detected by immunohistochemistry and the expression difference of prognostic genes in tumor tissues of patients with different stages was compared. RESULTS By screening, we found that LYN, C3, COPG2IT1, HLA.DQA1, and TNFRSF17 is closely related to prognosis. After machine learning, we constructed the immune prognosis model from these 5 genes, and the model AUC values were greater than 0.9 at three time periods of 1, 3, and 5 years; the total survival period of the low-risk group was significantly better than that of the high-risk group. The results of prognosis analysis in ACT samples were consistent with OBS groups. The coexpression genes are mainly involved B cell receptor signaling pathway and are mainly enriched in apoptotic cell clearance. Prognostic key genes are highly correlated with PDCD1, PDCD1LG2, LAG3, and CTLA4 immune checkpoints. The immunohistochemical results showed that the expression of COPG2IT1 and HLA.DQA1 in stage III increased significantly and the expression of LYN, C3, and TNFRSF17 in stage III decreased significantly compared with that of stage I. The experimental results are consistent with the previous analysis. CONCLUSION LYN, C3, COPG2IT1, LA.DQA1, and NFRSF17 may be new immune markers to judge the prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasheng Xu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Han Nie
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiarui He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinlu Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kaili Liao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Luxia Tu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhenfang Xiong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Facchinetti F, Di Maio M, Tiseo M. Adding PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors to Chemotherapy for the First-Line Treatment of Extensive Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC): A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092645. [PMID: 32947924 PMCID: PMC7565587 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Treatment strategies in advanced, metastatic small cell lung cancer have been recently implemented by the combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Nevertheless, the magnitude of survival benefit observed in clinical trials does not reproduce the major improvements observed in non-small cell lung cancer and other malignant diseases. By performing a systematic review and gathering the available data in a meta-analysis, we aim to compare the outcomes of patients treated with standard chemotherapy alone or with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors immunotherapy across clinical trials, in order to sustain treatment decisions. The addition of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors to standard chemotherapy improves all activity and efficacy outcomes, with a manageable safety profile. The benefit in overall survival is more evident if considering long-term analysis, compared to median estimations. Abstract Survival outcomes in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES SCLC) are dismal, with median overall survival (OS) less than 12 months. The combination of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with first-line platinum-etoposide chemotherapy has been recently evaluated in randomized clinical trials. We performed a systematic literature review through PubMed and conference proceedings. Randomized trials evaluating chemotherapy +/− PD-1/PD-L1 ICIs were included in the meta-analysis. Efficacy (OS), activity [progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR)] outcomes and toxicities were analyzed. For selected endpoints, we focused on patients’ subgroups (OS) and on landmark analyses (OS, PFS). Four randomized trials were identified; globally, 1553 patients were randomized to receive chemotherapy +/− PD-1/PD-L1 ICIs. Adding a PD-1/PD-L1 ICI to chemotherapy led to a significant benefit in OS [hazard ratio (HR) 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68–0.85, p < 0.00001), PFS [HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.68–0.84, p < 0.00001] and ORR [odds ratio 1.28, 95% CI 1.04–1.57, p = 0.02]. No unexpected toxicity emerged. At 12, 18, 24 months for OS, and at 12, 18 months for PFS, experimental arms retained significant improvement in event-free rates, with absolute gain of approximately 10% compared with standard treatment. Albeit the magnitude of the benefit is less impacting compared to other settings of immunotherapy, the addition of PD-1/PD-L1 ICIs to chemotherapy in ES SCLC provided significant improvements in survival outcomes with the known toxicity profile. Biomarkers predicting which patients are suitable to derive long-term benefits are eagerly awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Facchinetti
- Predictive Biomarkers and Novel Therapeutc Strategies in Oncology, Inserm U981, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Paris-Saclay University, 94800 Villejuif, France;
| | - Massimo Di Maio
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, at Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, 10128 Torino, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Marcello Tiseo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
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Yang H, Heyer J, Zhao H, Liang S, Guo R, Zhong L. The Potential Role of Cathepsin K in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184136. [PMID: 32927648 PMCID: PMC7571067 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Cathepsin K has been found overexpressed in several malignant tumors. However, there is little information regarding the involvement of Cathepsin K in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (2) Methods: Cathepsin K expression was tested in human NSCLC cell lines A549 and human embryo lung fibroblast MRC-5 cells using Western blot and immunofluorescence assay. Cathepsin K was transiently overexpressed or knocked down using transfection with a recombinant plasmid and siRNA, respectively, to test the effects on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and on the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. (3) Results: Expression of Cathepsin K was increased significantly in A549 cells and diffused within the cytoplasm compared to the MRC-5 cells used as control. Cathepsin K overexpression promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of A549 cells, accompanied by mTOR activation. Cathepsin K knockdown reversed the above malignant behavior and inhibited the mTOR signaling activation, suggesting that Cathepsin K may promote the progression of NSCLC by activating the mTOR signaling pathway. (4) Conclusion: Cathepsin K may potentially represent a viable drug target for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China; (H.Y.); (H.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Jasmine Heyer
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
| | - Hui Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China; (H.Y.); (H.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Shengxian Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China; (H.Y.); (H.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Rui Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China; (H.Y.); (H.Z.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Li Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China; (H.Y.); (H.Z.); (S.L.)
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (L.Z.)
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Nie H, Bu F, Xu J, Li T, Huang J. 29 immune-related genes pairs signature predict the prognosis of cervical cancer patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14152. [PMID: 32843657 PMCID: PMC7447790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70500-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To screen the key immune genes in the development of cervical cancer, construct immune related gene pairs (IRGPs), and evaluate their influence on the prognosis of cervical cancer. Tumor Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and geo database were downloaded as training set and validation set respectively, and immune related gene data were downloaded from immport. IRGPs model is established by machine learning, and the model is analyzed and evaluated. Using the Uclcan to analyze the immune genes expression in cervical cancer, and to further explore the association with the expression level and the clinical stage and prognosis of cervical cancer. According to the analysis of training set, we identified 29 IRGPs as key gene pairs and constructed the model. The AUC value of the model was greater than 0.9, and the model group survival rate was conspicuous different (P < 0.001). The reliability of the model was confirmed in the validation group. Our IRGPs play an important role in the occurrence and development of cervical cancer, and can be used as a prognostic marker and potential new target of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Nie
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Provence, China
| | - Fanqin Bu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Provence, China
| | - Jiasheng Xu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Provence, China
| | - Taoshen Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Provence, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Provence, China.
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Qin Q, Wang J, Wang H. [Immune-related Adverse Events Induced by ICIs in Advanced NSCLC:
A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2020; 23:772-791. [PMID: 32752580 PMCID: PMC7519956 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2020.104.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become a hot spot in cancer because of their remarkable survival benefits on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, the immune-related adverse events (ir-AEs) induced by ICIs have been frequently reported due to its specificity and severity. This article is to summarize and evaluate ir-AEs induced by ICIs. Hopefully it can provide guidance for advanced NSCLC patients treatment options, early recognition and management of ir-AEs. METHODS Randomized controlled trials (RCT) which involved ICIs in the treatment of advanced NSCLC were retrieved in the Cochrane Libraby, PubMed, EMBASE and other databases. The primary outcome includes the incidence, grade and organ specificity of ir-AEs. Relative risk (RR) was used as the effect size, which was expressed as 95% confidence interval (CI). The Stata 15.0 and RevMan 5.3 software are used to conduct the meta analysis. RESULTS A total of 17 RCTs were included. The ir-AEs were generally more than those in the traditional chemotherapy group. The risk and severity of ir-AEs induced by ICIs combined group were generally higher than that of ICI monotherapy, while the incidence of severe ir-AEs induced by ICIs combination therapy was similar to that of anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-asscociated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) group. CONCLUSIONS ICIs have different toxicity profile compared with chemotherapy, and their immune-related toxicity is stronger than that of traditional chemotherapy. ICIs induced ir-AEs is organ-specific, and different ICI has specific immune-related toxicity profiles. As ICIs represent a new and distinct class of treatment for NSCLC, this article has systematically illustrated the efficacy and ir-AEs induced by ICIs, hopefully it can be useful for clinicians and patients to get a further understanding of ICIs, and facilitate early prediction, comprehensive diagnosis, and prompt management of ir-AEs by providing status reference and management suggestions, so that ICI can bring more benefit for advanced NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxi Qin
- Deparment of Lung Cancer, the Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jiajin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Sixth Medical Center, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100036, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Deparment of Lung Cancer, the Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100071, China
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Li S, Jiang Z, Li Y, Xu Y. Prognostic significance of minichromosome maintenance mRNA expression in human lung adenocarcinoma. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:2279-2292. [PMID: 31545501 PMCID: PMC6826304 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The minichromosome maintenance (MCM) gene family plays an essential role in DNA replication and cell cycle progression. However, MCM gene expression has not been well-studied in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). In the present study, the expression, prognostic value and functions of MCMs in LUAD were investigated using several databases and bioinformatic tools, including Oncomine, GEPIA, cBioPortal, CancerSEA and Kaplan-Meier plotter. It was demonstrated that the mRNA expression of MCM2, MCM4 and MCM10 were significantly increased in patients with LUAD. High mRNA expression of MCM2-5, MCM8 and MCM10 were associated with poor overall survival and progression-free survival. High MCM4 expression was associated with adverse post-progression survival. In addition, the Human Protein Atlas database showed that MCM protein expression was consistent with the mRNA expression. These results demonstrate that MCM2, MCM4 and MCM10 are potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Jiang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yirun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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Pu J, Tang X, Zhuang X, Hu Z, He K, Wu Y, Dai T. Matrine induces apoptosis via targeting CCR7 and enhances the effect of anticancer drugs in non-small cell lung cancer in vitro. Innate Immun 2018; 24:394-399. [PMID: 30236029 PMCID: PMC6830874 DOI: 10.1177/1753425918800555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study mainly investigated the effects of matrine on cell apoptosis and the
effects of anticancer drugs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines
(A549 and LK2 cells). The results showed that matrine (≥10 μM) caused a
significant inhibition on cell viability and 10 and 100 μM matrine induced cell
apoptosis via influencing p53, bax, casp3, and bcl-2 expressions in A549 cells.
In addition, matrine significantly down-regulated C-C chemokine receptor type 7
(CCR7) expression, and blocking the down-regulation of CCR7 by exogenous
chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21) treatment alleviated matrine-caused effects of
apoptosis genes in A549 cells. The results were further validated in LK2 cells
that matrine regulated apoptosis gene expressions, which were reversed by CCL21
treatment. Furthermore, matrine enhances the effects of cisplatin,
5-fluorouracil, and paclitaxel in A549 cells, and the anticancer effects exhibit
a dosage-dependent manner. In summary, matrine induced cell apoptosis and
enhanced the effects of anticancer drugs in NSCLC cells; the mechanism might be
associated with the CCR7 signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Pu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The
Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Jiangtao Pu, Department of Thoracic and
Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University,
Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The
Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zhuang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital,
Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi Hu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The
Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Kaiming He
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The
Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yunfei Wu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The
Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Tianyang Dai
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The
Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Lester JF, Casbard AC, Al-Taei S, Harrop R, Katona L, Attanoos RL, Tabi Z, Griffiths GO. A single centre phase II trial to assess the immunological activity of TroVax® plus pemetrexed/cisplatin in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma - the SKOPOS trial. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1457597. [PMID: 30524880 PMCID: PMC6279419 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1457597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines in combination with chemotherapy have been shown to be safe in different tumor types. We investigated the immunological activity of the TroVax® vaccine in combination with pemetrexed-cisplatin chemotherapy in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). In this first line, open-label, single-arm, phase 2 study, patients with locally advanced or metastatic MPM were enrolled. Eligible patients received up to 9 intramuscular injections of TroVax®, starting two weeks before chemotherapy and continuing at regular intervals during and after chemotherapy to 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was the induction of cellular or humoral anti-5T4 immune response (defined as a doubling of either response at any of six follow-up time points), with a target response rate of 64%. Of 27 patients, enrolled between Feb 2013-Dec 2014, 23 (85%) received at least three doses of TroVax® and one cycle of chemotherapy and were included in the per-protocol analysis (PPA). 22/23 patients (95.6%) developed humoral or cellular immune response to 5T4. Thus, the study reached its primary endpoint. Disease control was observed in 87% of patients (partial response: 17.4%, stable disease: 69.6%). The median progression-free survival was 6.8 months and median overall survival 10.9 months. Treatment-related adverse events were comparable to those observed in patients with chemotherapy alone. Translational immunology studies revealed a circulating baseline immune signature that was significantly associated with long-term (>20 months in n = 8/23, 34.8%) survival. In this phase 2 trial, TroVax® with pemetrexed-cisplatin chemotherapy showed robust immune activity, acceptable safety and tolerability to warrant further investigation in a phase 3 setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela C Casbard
- Wales Cancer Trials Unit, Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Saly Al-Taei
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Lajos Katona
- Wales Cancer Trials Unit, Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Richard L Attanoos
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board and Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Zsuzsanna Tabi
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gareth O Griffiths
- Wales Cancer Trials Unit, Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Clinical Trials Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Saleh K, Khalifeh-Saleh N, Kourie HR. Where do immune checkpoint inhibitors stand in the management of thymic epithelial tumors? Immunotherapy 2018; 10:823-826. [DOI: 10.2217/imt-2018-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Saleh
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nadine Khalifeh-Saleh
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hampig Raphael Kourie
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Osmani L, Askin F, Gabrielson E, Li QK. Current WHO guidelines and the critical role of immunohistochemical markers in the subclassification of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC): Moving from targeted therapy to immunotherapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 52:103-109. [PMID: 29183778 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 476] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent large scale genomic studies from the Clinical Lung Cancer Genome Project have identified different driver gene mutations in the subtypes of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). These findings not only lead to remarkable progress in targeted therapies for lung cancer patients, but also provide fundamental knowledge for the subclassification of NSCLC. More recently, the advancement and clinical application of immunotherapy have reinforced the need for the accurate subclassification of NSCLC. In 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) updated their guidelines for the subclassification of lung cancers. These guidelines emphasize: (1) the subclassification of NSCLC, (2) the critical role of molecular characterization of tumors for targeted therapy, (3) the unique terminology for subclassifying NSCLC using small biopsy specimens, and (4) the utility of IHC biomarkers in the accurate diagnosis and subclassification of lung cancer. The guidelines have significant prognostic impact on oncologic practice and patient care. In this review, we summarize the current WHO guidelines for the classification of lung cancer, discuss advancements of targeted therapy and immunotherapy, and address the utility and limitation of immunomarkers in the subclassification of NSCLC, as well as the prospective future of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lais Osmani
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Frederic Askin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Edward Gabrielson
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Qing Kay Li
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
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Zhang L, Xiao X, An H, Wang J, Ma Y, Qian YH. Inhibition of CCR7 promotes NF-κB-dependent apoptosis and suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2913-2919. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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26
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Bersanelli M, Buti S. From targeting the tumor to targeting the immune system: Transversal challenges in oncology with the inhibition of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. World J Clin Oncol 2017; 8:37-53. [PMID: 28246584 PMCID: PMC5309713 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v8.i1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
After that the era of chemotherapy in the treatment of solid tumors have been overcome by the "translational era", with the innovation introduced by targeted therapies, medical oncology is currently looking at the dawn of a new "immunotherapy era" with the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (CKI) antibodies. The onset of PD-1/PD-L1 targeted therapy has demonstrated the importance of this axis in the immune escape across almost all human cancers. The new CKI allowed to significantly prolong survival and to generate durable response, demonstrating remarkable efficacy in a wide range of cancer types. The aim of this article is to review the most up to date literature about the clinical effectiveness of CKI antibodies targeting PD-1/PD-L1 axis for the treatment of advanced solid tumors and to explore transversal challenges in the immune checkpoint blockade.
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