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Nao SC, Kong L, Chan DSH, Liu J, Huang LS, Wu L, Wu J, Wong CY, Wang W, Leung CH. Covalent inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor using a long-lived iridium(III)-afatinib probe. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129211. [PMID: 38184034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The overexpression and overactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are frequently observed in human cancers, including squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. In this study, a covalent EGFR probe was developed by conjugating afatinib to an iridium(III) scaffold. Complex 1 showed enhanced luminescence in living epidermoid squamous carcinoma A431 cells compared to other cell lines, via engaging EGFR as confirmed via CETSA and knockdown experiments. Moreover, complex 1 inhibited downstream targets of EGFR in cellulo with repression persisting after removal of the complex, indicating an irreversible mode of inhibition. Finally, complex 1 showed potent antiproliferative activity against A431 cells with comparable potency to afatinib alone. To our knowledge, complex 1 is the first EGFR covalent inhibitor based on an iridium scaffold reported in the literature, with the potential to be further explored as a theranostic agent in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Cuo Nao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Lingtan Kong
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Daniel Shiu-Hin Chan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Le-Sheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Lei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Jia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Chun-Yuen Wong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR.
| | - Wanhe Wang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China; Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, 45 South Gaoxin Road, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau; Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau; MoE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau.
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