1
|
Effects of typical additives on the thermal stability of ammonium peroxydisulfate. J Loss Prev Process Ind 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2023.104974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
2
|
Shi XH, Pan Y, Zhang X, Wang YJ, Xia L, Jiang JC, Shu CM. Effects of metal ions on thermal hazard of tert-butyl peroxy-3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate. J Loss Prev Process Ind 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2023.104973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
3
|
Yu A, Zhou N, Liang X, Hua M, Pan X, Jiang Y, Jiang J. Process hazard and decomposition mechanism of benzoyl peroxide in the presence of incompatible substances. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.121146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
4
|
Fan X, Gan Y, Tan M, Wang W. Theoretical study on thermal decomposition mechanism of 1-nitroso-2-naphthol. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19985. [PMID: 36411322 PMCID: PMC9678902 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24638-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
1-nitroso-2-naphthol has thermal instability of thermal decomposition, spontaneous combustion and even explosion. Its thermal decomposition characteristics were tested by synchronous thermal analyzer (TGA/DSC); The activation energy of the thermal decomposition process was calculated by Kissinger method; The infrared absorption characteristic spectra of the gas products produced in the thermal decomposition process were measured by TGA/DSC-FTIR, and the thermal decomposition reaction process was speculated. The results show that the initial temperature (Tonset) of TGA exothermic decomposition of 1-nitroso-2 naphthol is between 129.01 and 155.69 °C, and the faster the heating rate(β), the higher the Tonset, but the faster the thermal decomposition rate, the greater the heat release and the worse the thermal stability. The activation energy (E) of the thermal decomposition process is 83.323 kJ/mol calculated by Kissinger method. The dynamic test results of TGA/DSC-FTIR show that the main reaction of 1-nitroso-2 naphthol during heating is intermolecular dehydration to form ether, and the secondary reaction is decomposition into aliphatic nitro compounds, carbonyl compounds and amines. Sodium hydroxide will reduce the thermal stability of 1-nitroso-2 naphthol. After adding sodium hydroxide, the thermal decomposition process of 1-nitroso-2 naphthol has changed. The main reaction is that 1-nitroso-2-naphthol reacts with sodium hydroxide to produce sodium nitrophenol, which is further decomposed into aliphatic nitro compounds. The research results have guiding significance for finding the reasonable conditions and temperature of 1-nitroso-2 naphthol during storage and transportation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Fan
- School of Safety Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Yixiu Gan
- School of Safety Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China.,Institute of Chemical Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Miaowen Tan
- School of Safety Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Wenhe Wang
- School of Safety Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Development of small-scale experimental method for vent sizing and observation of runaway reaction. J Loss Prev Process Ind 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2022.104850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
6
|
Thermal Hazard Evaluation of Tert-Butyl Peroxy-3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate (TBPTMH) Mixed with Acid-Alkali. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15124281. [PMID: 35744340 PMCID: PMC9228455 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Tert-butyl peroxy-3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate (TBPTMH), a liquid ester organic peroxide, is commonly used as an initiator for polymerization reactions. During the production process, TBPTMH may be exposed to acids and alkali, which may have different effects on its thermal hazard, so it is necessary to carry out a study on the thermal hazard of TBPTMH mixed with acids and alkali. In this paper, the effects of H2SO4 and NaOH on the thermal decomposition of TBPTMH were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and adiabatic calorimetry (Phi-TEC II). The “kinetic triple factors” were calculated by thermodynamic analysis. The results show that the three Ea are 132.49, 116.36, and 118.24 kJ/mol, respectively; thus, the addition of H2SO4 and NaOH increased the thermal hazard of TBPTMH. In addition, the characteristic parameters (time to maximum rate under adiabatic conditions, self-accelerated decomposition temperature) of its thermal decomposition were determined, and the control temperature (45, 40, and 40 °C) of TBPTMH under the action of acid-alkali were further received. This work is expected to provide some guidance for the safe storage, handling, production, and transportation of TBPTMH in the process industry.
Collapse
|
7
|
Assessing reactive hazard by coupling computational fluid dynamics with a descriptive kinetic model to resolve the scale-up problem. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
8
|
Dutta S, Dan F, Horsch S. Kinetics and Hazards of 4-Vinylbenzyl Chloride Storage and Thermal Decomposition of Di-4-methylbenzoyl Peroxide by DSC and TAM. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soham Dutta
- The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Florin Dan
- The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Steven Horsch
- Dow Chemical Co., Freeport, Texas 77541, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hazard evaluation for chlorination and amination reactions of fluorocytosine production process. J Loss Prev Process Ind 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2020.104212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
10
|
Tan Y, Xu Y, Shang Y, Wang H, Li W, Cao W. Thermal Decomposition Behavior and Thermal Hazard of Benzoyl Peroxide under Different Environmental Conditions. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Tan
- School of Environmental and Safety EngineeringNorth University of China Taiyuan 030051 PR China
| | - Yabei Xu
- School of Environmental and Safety EngineeringNorth University of China Taiyuan 030051 PR China
| | - Yiping Shang
- School of Environmental and Safety EngineeringNorth University of China Taiyuan 030051 PR China
| | - Huayu Wang
- School of Environmental and Safety EngineeringNorth University of China Taiyuan 030051 PR China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- School of Environmental and Safety EngineeringNorth University of China Taiyuan 030051 PR China
| | - Weiguo Cao
- School of Environmental and Safety EngineeringNorth University of China Taiyuan 030051 PR China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Laiwang B, Liu SH, Shu CM. Thermal hazards of benzoyl peroxide and its derived process products through theoretical thermodynamics assessment and different calorimetric technologies. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 380:120891. [PMID: 31325690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) is one of the primary OPs used as an initiator, curing agent, or medicine. Some of the plastic processes use BPO without air for maintaining the efficiency of the entire reaction. However, there have been numerous accidents involving BPO in petrochemical plants, especially those related to fire and explosion, that are due to its unstable thermal properties and peroxy bond (OO). BPO can be identified as a typical substance with autocatalytic reaction characteristics. Therefore, the related processes and their products are critical to prevent these kinds of chemical contingencies. This research was based on two types of instruments (nonisothermal and isothermal calorimetry), and theoretical methods to further determine the thermal hazard level. From the experimental results for BPO and BPO mixed with its by-products, the heat of decomposition was much higher (from 800 to 1235 J/g), the time to maximum rate under isothermal conditions was much shorter (from 99.1 to 17.4 h at 75.0 °C), and the apparent activation energy was much lower (from 118 to 91 kJ/mol) after BPO was mixed with its by-products. Therefore, the hazard level of BPO mixed with its by-products from the reaction process was much higher than that of pure BPO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Laiwang
- Department of Ammunition Engineering and Explosion Technology, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Anhui 232001, PR China; Graduate School of Engineering Science and Technology, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology (YunTech), Douliou, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shang-Hao Liu
- Department of Ammunition Engineering and Explosion Technology, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Anhui 232001, PR China.
| | - Chi-Min Shu
- Graduate School of Engineering Science and Technology, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology (YunTech), Douliou, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan, ROC; Center for Process Safety and Industrial Disaster Prevention, School of Engineering, YunTech, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Thermal decomposition of solid benzoyl peroxide using Advanced Reactive System Screening Tool: Effect of concentration, confinement and selected acids and bases. J Loss Prev Process Ind 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
13
|
Thermal Decomposition and Nonisothermal Kinetics of Monoethanolamine Mixed with Various Metal Ions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1592. [PMID: 30733558 PMCID: PMC6367447 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38434-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanolamine is a critical chemical for petrochemical enterprises. When corrosion occurs in pipelines, equipment, and containers in petrochemical enterprises, minute amounts of metal ions are released. In this study, the thermal decomposition and nonisothermal kinetics of monoethanolamine (MEA) and MEA mixed with copper and zinc ions were analyzed using thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The TG tests revealed that MEA mixed with copper (II) and zinc (II) began thermal decomposition at 75.2 and 60.3 °C, respectively, whereas pure MEA began thermal decomposition at 89.7 °C. Two exothermic peaks were observed in the DSC curves for MEA mixed with copper (II) and zinc (II), and thermokinetic parameters were obtained from DSC data. The apparent activation energy (Ea) of each stage was calculated using several nonisothermal kinetic methods, namely the ASTM E698, Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose, Starink, and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa methods. The Ea of pure MEA was 28.7 ± 2.5 kJ/mol, whereas that of the copper and zinc mixtures were 80.5 ± 1.1 and 46.8 ±1.7 kJ/mol, respectively. The results can be used to improve the intrinsic safety of storage tanks and petrochemical plants.
Collapse
|
14
|
Shen S, Jiang J, Zhang W, Ni L, Shu CM. Process safety evaluation of the synthesis of tert-butyl peracetate. J Loss Prev Process Ind 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
15
|
Zhang Y, Ni L, Jiang J, Jiang J, Zhang W, Jiang J, Zhang M. Thermal hazard analyses for the synthesis of benzoyl peroxide. J Loss Prev Process Ind 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
16
|
Das M, Shu CM. A green approach towards adoption of chemical reaction model on 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di-(tert-butylperoxy)hexane decomposition by differential isoconversional kinetic analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 301:222-232. [PMID: 26368796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the thermal degradation products of 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di-(tert-butylperoxy) hexane (DBPH), by TG/GC/MS to identify runaway reaction and thermal safety parameters. It also included the determination of time to maximum rate under adiabatic conditions (TMR(ad)) and self-accelerating decomposition temperature obtained through Advanced Kinetics and Technology Solutions. The apparent activation energy (Ea) was calculated from differential isoconversional kinetic analysis method using differential scanning calorimetry experiments. The Ea value obtained by Friedman analysis is in the range of 118.0-149.0 kJ mol(-1). The TMR(ad) was 24.0 h with an apparent onset temperature of 82.4°C. This study has also established an efficient benchmark for a thermal hazard assessment of DBPH that can be applied to assure safer storage conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitali Das
- Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123, University Rd., Sec. 3, Douliou, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Min Shu
- Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123, University Rd., Sec. 3, Douliou, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Numerical investigation and dimensional analysis of reaction runaway evaluation for thermal polymerization. Chem Eng Res Des 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|