Micellization phenomena of amphiphilic drug and TX-100 mixtures: Fluorescence, UV-visible and 1H NMR study

Phase separation, aggregation, and complexation of triton-X100 and bovine serum albumin mixture: A combined cloud point and UV-visible spectroscopic approaches

Phase separation and aggregation behaviour of triton X-100 (TX-100) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) mixture were investigated using cloud point and UV-visible spectroscopic techniques. The effects of various hydrotropes (HYTs) - namely, sodium salicylate (SS), sodium benzoate (SB), glycerol (Glyc), and 4-aminobenzoic acid (4-ABA) - on the cloud point (CP) of TX-100 + BSA were determined. The obtained CP values for the mixed system in the presence of HYTs followed the order: The measured critical micellization concentration (CMC) values of the TX-100 + BSA mixture were found to be significantly altered with varying amounts of BSA. The calculated free energy of clouding and micellization indicated the non-spontaneous nature of the phase transition and the spontaneous association of the TX-100 + BSA mixture. The non-spontaneity of phase separation decreased with increasing concentrations of HYTs. The enumerated values of ∆Hco and ∆Sco were consistently recorded as negative and positive magnitudes, respectively, in all aqueous HYTs media. The clouding process occurred due to a combination of hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. The binding constant of the mixed system was determined employing the UV-vis spectroscopic method using the Benesi-Hildebrand equation.

Interaction of TX-100 and Antidepressant Imipramine Hydrochloride Drug Mixture: Surface Tension, 1H NMR, and FT-IR Investigation

Interfacial interaction amongst the antidepressant drug-imipramine hydrochloride (IMP) and pharmaceutical excipient (triton X-100 (TX-100-nonionic surfactant)) mixed system of five various ratios in dissimilar media (H₂O/50 mmol·kg⁻¹ NaCl/250 mmol·kg⁻¹ urea) was investigated through the surface tension method. In addition, in the aqueous solution, the ¹H-NMR, as well as FT-IR studies of the studied pure and mixed system were also explored and deliberated thoroughly. In NaCl media, properties of pure/mixed interfacial surfaces enhanced as compared with the aqueous system, and consequently the synergism/attractive interaction among constituents (IMP and TX-100) grew, whereas in urea (U) media a reverse effect was detected. Surface excess concentration (Γ_max), composition of surfactant at mixed monolayer (X1σ), activity coefficient (f₁^σ (TX-100) and f₂^σ (IMP)), etc. were determined and discussed thoroughly. At mixed interfacial surfaces interaction, parameter (β^σ) reveals the attractive/synergism among the components. The Gibbs energy of adsorption (ΔGadso) value attained was negative throughout all employed media viewing the spontaneity of the adsorption process. The ¹H NMR spectroscopy was also employed to examine the molecular interaction of IMP and TX-100 in an aqueous system. FT-IR method as well illustrated the interaction amongst the component. The findings of the current study proposed that TX-100 surfactant could act as an efficient drug delivery vehicle for an antidepressant drug. Gels can be used as drug dosage forms due to recent improvements in the design of surfactant systems. Release mechanism of drugs from surfactant/polymer gels is dependent upon the microstructures of the gels and the state of the drugs within the system.

Synergistic interactions of surfactant blends in aqueous medium are reciprocated in non-polar medium with improved efficacy as a nanoreactor

Efficient soft chemical nanoreactors: a design strategy to improve the performance of a model C–C cross coupling (Heck) reaction under nanoscopic confinement of surfactant blends.