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Yang B, Fan X, Li D, Cui L, Chang C, Yan L, Lu B, Li J. Simulation and Experimental Study of Solid-Liquid Extraction of Coal Tar Residue Based on Different Extractants. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:47835-47845. [PMID: 38144090 PMCID: PMC10734026 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Coal tar residue (CTR) is recognized as a hazardous industrial waste with a high carbon content and coal tar consisting mainly of toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The coal tar in CTR can be deeply processed into high-value-added fuels and chemicals. Effective separation of coal tar and residue in CTR is a high-value-added utilization method for it. In this paper, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and n-hexane were chosen as extractants to study the extraction process of coal tar from CTR, considering the mass transfer in the liquid phase outside the CTR particles and the diffusion inside the CTR particles, and a mathematical model of the solid-liquid extraction process of CTR was established based on Fick's second law. First, the mass-transfer coefficients (kf) and effective diffusion coefficients (De) of ethyl acetate, ethanol, and n-hexane in solid-liquid extraction at 35 °C were determined to be 1.54 × 10-5 and 4.99 × 10-10 m2·s-1, 1.14 × 10-5 and 3.57 × 10-10 m2·s-1, and 1.01 × 10-5 and 3.48 × 10-10 m2·s-1, respectively. Furthermore, the simulated values obtained by the model also maintained a high degree of agreement with the experimental results, which indicates the high accuracy prediction of the model. Finally, the model was used to investigate the effects of the solvent-solid ratio, temperature, and stirring speed on the extraction rates with the three extractants. According to the analysis with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), among the three solvents, n-hexane extracted the highest content of aliphatic hydrocarbons (ALHs), ethyl acetate extracted the highest content of oxygenated compounds (OCs), and ethanol extracted the highest content of aromatic hydrocarbons (ARHs). The model and experimental data can be used to provide accurate predictions for industrial utilization of CTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Low
Metamorphic Coal Clean Utilization, Yulin
University, Yulin 719000, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Fan
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Low
Metamorphic Coal Clean Utilization, Yulin
University, Yulin 719000, People’s
Republic of China
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Li
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Louwei Cui
- The
Northwest Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Xi’an 710069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunran Chang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Low
Metamorphic Coal Clean Utilization, Yulin
University, Yulin 719000, People’s
Republic of China
- Shaanxi
Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Long Yan
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Low
Metamorphic Coal Clean Utilization, Yulin
University, Yulin 719000, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Bowang Lu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Low
Metamorphic Coal Clean Utilization, Yulin
University, Yulin 719000, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Low
Metamorphic Coal Clean Utilization, Yulin
University, Yulin 719000, People’s
Republic of China
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Feiyue G, Chuncai Z, Zihao W, Weiwei Z, Xin W, Guijian L. Solid-oil separation of coal tar residue to reduce polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons via microwave-assisted extraction. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 337:117679. [PMID: 36934504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Coal tar residue (CTR) is acknowledged as hazardous industrial waste with high contents of carbon and toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Microwave-assisted extraction for separating tar and residue in CTR was investigated to reduce the content of PAHs. The key operating factors such as solvent type, solvent addition amount, radiation temperature, and radiation time in the extraction process were evaluated. Results showed that extreme extraction performance in the solvent with cyclic structure was attained, and an enhancement in extraction efficiency was achieved in elevated solvent addition amount, radiation temperature, or radiation time in a certain range. The optimized conditions were determined as benzene was chosen as extractant, solvent-solid ratio of 5:1 mL/g, radiation temperature of 75 °C, and radiation time of 10 min. Relative extraction efficiency of CTR and reduction efficiency of 16 priority control PAHs were 28.70% and 92.82%, respectively. According to the characterizations of extracted residue (MCTR) and tar (MCT) under optimum experimental conditions, it is possible to convert them into value-added products (carbon materials, solid fuels, or chemicals). Solid-oil separation via microwave-assisted extraction is a safe and high-valued utilization approach for CTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Feiyue
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193, Road Tunxi, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Zhou Chuncai
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193, Road Tunxi, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Wang Zihao
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193, Road Tunxi, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Zhu Weiwei
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193, Road Tunxi, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Wang Xin
- Department of Ecology and Environment of Anhui Province, No 1766, Road Huaining, Hefei 230071, China
| | - Liu Guijian
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, Road Jinzhai, Hefei 230026, China
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Chen K, Yan L, Sheng Y, Ma Y, Qu L, Zhao Y. An Edible and Nutritive Zinc-Ion Micro-supercapacitor in the Stomach with Ultrahigh Energy Density. ACS NANO 2022; 16:15261-15272. [PMID: 36049456 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Miniature energy storage devices simultaneously combining high energy output and bioavailability could greatly promote the practicability of green, safe, and nontoxic in vivo detection, such as for noninvasive monitoring or treatment in the gastrointestinal tract, which is still challenging. Herein, we report ingestible and nutritive zinc-ion-based hybrid micro-supercapacitors (ZMSCs) consisting of an edible active carbon microcathode and zinc microanode, which can be inserted into a standard-sized capsule and ingested in a pig stomach. With features including flexibility, light weight, and shape adaptability, a single microdevice displays a high energy density of 215.1 μWh cm-2, superior to that of state-of-the-art biocompatible SCs/MSCs and even traditional ZMSCs reported previously. It also delivers an areal capacitance of 605 mF cm-2 and a high working voltage of 1.8 V, exceeding that of miniaturized commercial button batteries (1.55 V, RENATA 337). Comprehensive studies in vivo and in vitro demonstrate that the ZMSCs with high biocompatibility and safety not only power electronic equipment in the porcine stomach without a voltage booster but also act as a nutritional supplement of trace element zinc within the dose range, as well as the ability of potent antibacterial activity against bacterium Escherichia coli during the discharging process. This work provides an example for the design and fabrication of edible energy storage devices with high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Liben Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yukai Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu Ma
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Liangti Qu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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A Review of Chemicals to Produce Activated Carbon from Agricultural Waste Biomass. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11226204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The choice of activating agent for the thermochemical production of high-grade activated carbon (AC) from agricultural residues and wastes, such as feedstock, requires innovative methods. Overcoming energy losses, and using the best techniques to minimise secondary contamination and improve adsorptivity, are critical. Here, we review the importance and influence of activating agents on agricultural waste: how they react and compare conventional and microwave processes. In particular, adsorbent pore characteristics, surface chemistry interactions and production modes were compared with traditional methods. It was concluded that there are no best activating agents; rather, each agent reacts uniquely with a precursor, and the optimum choice depends on the target adsorbent. Natural chemicals can also be as effective as inorganic activating agents, and offer the advantages that they are usually safe, and readily available. The use of a microwave, as an innovative pyrolysis approach, can enhance the activation process within a duration of 1–4 h and temperature of 500–1200 °C, after which the yield and efficiency decline rapidly due to molecular breakdown. This study also examines the biomass milling process requirements; the influence of the dielectric properties, along with the effect of washing; and experimental setup challenges. The microwave setup system, biomass feed rate, product delivery, inert gas flow rate, reactor design and recovery lines are all important factors in the microwave activation process, and contribute to the overall efficiency of AC preparation. However, a major issue is a lack of large-scale industrial demonstration units for microwave technology.
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Wei MM, Li WP, Weng J, Liu YQ, Li SR, Ye YY, Wang M, Wang D. Mesopore-dominant porous carbon derived from bio-tars as an electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Bhat MY, Yadav N, Hashmi S. Pinecone-derived porous activated carbon for high performance all-solid-state electrical double layer capacitors fabricated with flexible gel polymer electrolytes. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.02.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Jawad AH, Rashid RA, Ishak MAM, Ismail K. Adsorptive removal of methylene blue by chemically treated cellulosic waste banana (Musa sapientum) peels. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2018.1519893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali H. Jawad
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ramlah Abd Rashid
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Khudzir Ismail
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
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