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Zhang H, Hu X, Yang B, Zhou Q. Effective cross-linking strategy for graphene oxide membrane with high structural stability and enhanced separation performance. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:235701. [PMID: 36867868 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acc111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In order to solve the poor structural stability of graphene oxide (GO) membrane, a facile and effective cross-linking technology was employed to create a high-performance GO membrane. Herein, DL-Tyrosine/amidinothiourea and (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane were used to crosslink GO nanosheets and porous alumina substrate, respectively. The group evolution of GO with different cross-linking agents was detected via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Ultrasonic treatment and soaking experiment were conducted to explore the structural stability of the different membranes. The GO membrane cross-linked with amidinothiourea exhibits exceptional structural stability. Meanwhile, the membrane has superior separation performance, with the pure water flux reaching approximately 109.6 l·m-2·h-1·bar-1. During the treatment of 0.1 g l-1NaCl solution, its permeation flux and rejection for NaCl are about 86.8 l·m-2·h-1·bar-1and 50.8%, respectively. The long-term filtration experiment also demonstrates that the membrane exhibits great operational stability. All these indicate the cross-linking graphene oxide membrane has promising potential applications in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaitao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Membrane, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Jingdezhen 333001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuebing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Membrane, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Jingdezhen 333001, People's Republic of China
| | - Boshen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Membrane, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Jingdezhen 333001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qintao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Membrane, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Jingdezhen 333001, People's Republic of China
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2
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Ahmad NNR, Mohammad AW, Mahmoudi E, Ang WL, Leo CP, Teow YH. An Overview of the Modification Strategies in Developing Antifouling Nanofiltration Membranes. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12121276. [PMID: 36557183 PMCID: PMC9780855 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12121276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater deficiency has become a significant issue affecting many nations' social and economic development because of the fast-growing demand for water resources. Nanofiltration (NF) is one of the promising technologies for water reclamation application, particularly in desalination, water, and wastewater treatment fields. Nevertheless, membrane fouling remains a significant concern since it can reduce the NF membrane performance and increase operating expenses. Consequently, numerous studies have focused on improving the NF membrane's resistance to fouling. This review highlights the recent progress in NF modification strategies using three types of antifouling modifiers, i.e., nanoparticles, polymers, and composite polymer/nanoparticles. The correlation between antifouling performance and membrane properties such as hydrophilicity, surface chemistry, surface charge, and morphology are discussed. The challenges and perspectives regarding antifouling modifiers and modification strategies conclude this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Naimah Rosyadah Ahmad
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Wahab Mohammad
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
- Chemical and Water Desalination Engineering Program, College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: author:
| | - Ebrahim Mahmoudi
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
- Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Wei Lun Ang
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
- Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Choe Peng Leo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Malaysia
| | - Yeit Haan Teow
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
- Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
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3
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Pandey RP, Kallem P, Hegab HM, Rasheed PA, Banat F, Hasan SW. Cross-linked laminar graphene oxide membranes for wastewater treatment and desalination: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 317:115367. [PMID: 35636111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) lamellar graphene oxide (GO) membranes are emerging as attractive materials for molecular separation in water treatment because of their single atomic thickness, excellent hydrophilicity, large specific surface areas, and controllable properties. To yet, commercialization of GO laminar membranes has been hindered by their propensity to swell in hydrated conditions. Thus, chemical crosslinking of GO sheets with the polymer matrix is used to improve GO membrane hydration stability. This review focuses on pertinent themes such as how chemical crosslinking improves the hydration stability, separation performance, and antifouling properties of GO membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi P Pandey
- Center for Membranes and Advanced Water Technology (CMAT), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Parashuram Kallem
- Center for Membranes and Advanced Water Technology (CMAT), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hanaa M Hegab
- Center for Membranes and Advanced Water Technology (CMAT), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - P Abdul Rasheed
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, 678 557, Kerala, India
| | - Fawzi Banat
- Center for Membranes and Advanced Water Technology (CMAT), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shadi W Hasan
- Center for Membranes and Advanced Water Technology (CMAT), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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4
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Wang J, Li M, Wei G. Highly Permeable Sulfonated Graphene-Based Composite Membranes for Electrochemically Enhanced Nanofiltration. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153068. [PMID: 35956586 PMCID: PMC9370331 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A sulfophenyl-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (SrGO) membrane is prepared. The SrGO membranes have a high charge density in water and could provide many atomically smooth nanochannels, because of their strong ionized-SO3H groups and low oxygen content. Therefore, the SrGO membranes have an excellent performance in terms of high permeance and high rejection ability. The permeance of SrGO membranes could be up to 118.2 L m−2 h−1 bar−1, which is 7.6 times higher than that of GO membrane (15.5 L m−2 h−1 bar−1). Benefiting from their good electrical conductivity, the SrGO membranes could also function as an electrode and demonstrate a significantly increased rejection toward negatively charged molecules and positively charged heavy metal ions such as Cu2+, Cr3+ and Cd2+, if given an appropriate negative potential. The rejection ratios of these metal ions can be increased from <20% at 0 V to >99% at 2.0 V. This is attributed to the enhanced electrostatic repulsion between the SrGO membrane and the like-charged molecules, and the increased electrostatic adsorption and electrochemical reduction in these heavy metal ions on the membranes. This study is expected to contribute to efficient water treatment and the advance of graphene-based membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;
| | - Mingyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Ministry of Education), College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;
| | - Gaoliang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Ministry of Education), College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;
- Correspondence:
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5
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Progress for Co-Incorporation of Polydopamine and Nanoparticles for Improving Membranes Performance. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12070675. [PMID: 35877880 PMCID: PMC9317275 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12070675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating polydopamine has become a viable method for membrane modification due to its universality and versatility. Fillers in their different categories have been confirmed as effective elements to improve the properties of membranes such as hydrophilicity, permeability, mechanical strength, and fouling resistance. Thus, this paper mainly highlights the recent studies that have been carried out using polydopamine and nanomaterial fillers simultaneously in modifying the performance of different membranes such as ultrafiltration, microfiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, and forward osmosis membranes according to the various modification methods. Graphene oxide nanoparticles have recently attracted a lot of attention among different nanoparticles used with polydopamine, due to their impressive characteristics impacts on enhancing membrane hydrophilicity, mechanical strength, and fouling resistance. Thus, the incorporation techniques of graphene oxide nanoparticles and polydopamine for enhancing membranes have been highlighted in this work. Moreover, different studies carried out on using polydopamine as a nanofiller for optimizing membrane performance have been discussed. Finally, perspectives, and possible paths of further research on mussel-inspired polydopamine and nanoparticles co-incorporation are stated according to the progress made in this field. It is anticipated that this review would provide benefits for the scientific community in designing a new generation of polymeric membranes for the treatment of different feed water and wastewater based on adhesive mussel inspired polydopamine polymer and nanomaterials combinations.
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6
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Kaushik A, Dhundhiyawala M, Dobariya P, Marvaniya K, Kushwaha S, Patel K. Perm-selective ultrathin high flux microporous polyaryl nanofilm for molecular separation. iScience 2022; 25:104441. [PMID: 35677642 PMCID: PMC9167968 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric membranes with high permeance and selectivity performances are anticipated approach for water treatment. Separation membranes with moderate molecular weight cut-offs (MW in between 400 and 700 g mol−1) are desirable to separate multivalent ions and small molecules from a water stream. This requires polymeric membranes with controlled pore, pore size distribution, surface charge, and thin active layer to maximize membrane performance. Here, a fabrication of the polyaryl nanofilm with thickness down to ∼15 nm synthesized using interfacial polymerization onto ultrafiltration supports is described. Electron microscopy analysis reveals the presence of crumpled surface morphology in polyaryl nanofilm. Polyaryl nanofilm shows high water permeance of ∼110 Lm−2h−1 bar−1. Polyaryl nanofilm presents molecular weight cut-off greater than ∼450 gmol−1 (molecular marker) with water permeance of ∼84 Lm−2h−1 bar−1. Multivalent salt (K3[Fe(CN)6]) has higher rejection (>95%) as compared to the monovalent (∼5%) and divalent salt (∼28%) with the water permeance of ∼81 Lm−2h−1 bar−1. Ultrathin PAR composite membrane with crumpled morphology & improved permeance Tailored surface functionality to improve hydrophilicity, negative surface charge PAR membranes shows the high flux separation within 450 g/mol range of MWCO
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Kaushik
- Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, CSIR Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Mansoor Dhundhiyawala
- Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, CSIR Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India
| | - Priyanka Dobariya
- Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, CSIR Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Karan Marvaniya
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Shilpi Kushwaha
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
- Corresponding author
| | - Ketan Patel
- Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, CSIR Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
- Corresponding author
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7
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Heidari AA, Mahdavi H. TFC organic solvent nanofiltration membrane fabricated by a novel HDPE membrane support covered by manganese dioxide /tannic acid-Fe3+layers. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Wang C, Li Y, Wang H, Wang Y, Chen X, Li C, Sun M, Chen J. High performance polyamide crosslinked graphene oxide/MPNs nanofiltration membrane for wastewater purification. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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9
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Improvement of wettability of coal seams in water injection via co-deposition of polydopamine and polyacrylamide. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.128112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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10
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Liu Y, Huang Z, Zhang Z, Lin X, Li Q, Zhu Y. A high stability GO nanofiltration membrane preparation by co-deposition and crosslinking polydopamine for rejecting dyes. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:1783-1799. [PMID: 35358071 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the stability of nanofiltration membrane in separation and purification, a novel polyelectrolyte multilayer nanofiltration membrane was facilely prepared by co-deposition of polydopamine (PDA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) on the polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membrane substrate, followed by immersing graphene oxide (GO) solution, and crosslinking PDA. The modified surfaces were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), water contact angle, their saline flux and ability to reject salt and dye were determined. The results also exhibited salt rejection ability as Na2SO4 > K2SO4 > MgSO4 > NaCl > KCl > MgCl2, suggesting the higher rejection of divalent anion. Also, the retention order of the dye by the GO modified membrane is DY86 > DB19 > AG27 > DY142 > DB56 > AR151 > VB5, indicating that the GO modified membrane has better rejection of negatively charged dyes as well as higher molecular weight dyes. Ethanol and hypochlorite resistance tests under different pH conditions showed the membranes coated GO enhanced stability in regard to salt rejection properties. Significantly, the anti-biological test confirmed the growth rate of microalgae on the GO introduced membrane was decreased greatly due to enhanced stability and lower roughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China E-mail:
| | - Zhonghua Huang
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China E-mail:
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China E-mail:
| | - Xiaolu Lin
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China E-mail:
| | - Qunxia Li
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China E-mail:
| | - Yihang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China E-mail:
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Alruwaili SF, Alsohaimi IH, El-Sayed MY, Hassan HM, Aldawsari AM, Alshahrani AA, Alraddadi TS. Antifouling efficiency and high-flux ultrafiltration membrane comprising sulfonated poly (ether sulfone) and TNTs-g-PSPA nanofiller. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Dong X, Lu S, Xu W, Li S. The fabrication composite material of bimetallic micro/nanostructured palladium–platinum alloy and graphene on nickel foam for the enhancement of electrocatalytic activity. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00196e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A composite of micro/nanostructured palladium–platinum alloy, reduced graphene oxide and polydopamine on nickel foam was obtained by a chemical immersion method and anneal method with high catalytic efficiency for the ethanol oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqi Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- P. R. China
| | - Shixiang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- P. R. China
| | - Wenguo Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- P. R. China
| | - Shuguang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- P. R. China
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13
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Lin GS, Huang TC, Tung KL. Membrane-assisted green & innovative chemical (MAGIC) processes. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2020.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Shao W, Liu C, Yu T, Xiong Y, Hong Z, Xie Q. Constructing Positively Charged Thin-Film Nanocomposite Nanofiltration Membranes with Enhanced Performance. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2526. [PMID: 33137988 PMCID: PMC7692056 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Using polyethylenimine (PEI) as the aqueous reactive monomers, a positively charged thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) nanofiltration (NF) membrane with enhanced performance was developed by successfully incorporating graphene oxide (GO) into the active layer. The effects of GO concentrations on the surface roughness, water contact angle, water flux, salt rejection, heavy metal removals, antifouling property, and chlorine resistance of the TFN membranes were evaluated in depth. The addition of 20 ppm GO facilitated the formation of thin, smooth, and hydrophilic nanocomposite active layers. Thus, the TFN-PEI-GO-20 membrane showed the optimal water flux of 70.3 L·m-2·h-1 without a loss of salt rejection, which was 36.8% higher than the thin-film composite (TFC) blank membrane. More importantly, owing to the positively charged surfaces, both the TFC-PEI-blank and TFN-PEI-GO membranes exhibited excellent rejections toward various heavy metal ions including Zn2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Pb2+. Additionally, compared with the negatively charged polypiperazine amide NF membrane, both the TFC-PEI-blank and TFN-PEI-GO-20 membranes demonstrated superior antifouling performance toward the cationic surfactants and basic protein due to their hydrophilic, smooth, and positively charged surface. Moreover, the TFN-PEI-GO membranes presented the improved chlorine resistances with the increasing GO concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyao Shao
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (W.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Chenran Liu
- Technology Innovation Center for Exploitation of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China; (C.L.); (T.Y.); (Z.H.)
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (W.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Tong Yu
- Technology Innovation Center for Exploitation of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China; (C.L.); (T.Y.); (Z.H.)
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen 361005, China; (T.Y.); (Z.H.)
| | - Ying Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Zhuan Hong
- Technology Innovation Center for Exploitation of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China; (C.L.); (T.Y.); (Z.H.)
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen 361005, China; (T.Y.); (Z.H.)
| | - Quanling Xie
- Technology Innovation Center for Exploitation of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China; (C.L.); (T.Y.); (Z.H.)
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen 361005, China; (T.Y.); (Z.H.)
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