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Liu Q, Zhou B, Zheng C, Wang D, Ge Y, Fang S. The CoO-doped carbon nanotubes enhance electronic performance and effectively activate persulfate for the degradation of sulfafurazole. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118646. [PMID: 38485075 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
In recent studies, carbon nanotube (CNTs) materials and their composites have demonstrated remarkable catalytic activity in the activation of persulfate (PS), facilitating the efficient degradation of organic pollutants. In this study, a novel Co loaded carbon nanotubes (CoO@CNT) catalyst was prepared to promote PDS activation for the degradation of sulfafurazole (SIZ). Experimental results, the CNT as a carrier effectively reduces the leaching of cobalt ions and improves the electron transport capacity,whereas the introduced Co effectively activates the PDS, promoting the generation of highly reactive radicals to degrade SIZ. Under optimized conditions (a catalyst dose of 0.2 g/L, a PDS dose of 1 g/L and an initial pH = 9.0), the obtained CoO@CNT demonstrated favorable Fenton-like performance, reaching a degradation efficiency of 95.55% within 30 min. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that the introduction of cobalt (Co) accelerates electron transfer, promoting the decomposition of PDS while facilitating the Co2+/Co3+ redox cycling. We further employed the environmental chemistry and risk assessment system (ECOSAR) to evaluate the ecological toxicity of intermediate products, revealing a significant reduction in ecological toxicity associated with this degradation process, thereby confirming its environmental harmlessness. Through batch experiments and studies, we gained a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism and influencing factors of CoO@CNT in the role of SIZ degradation, and provided robust support for evaluating the ecological toxicity of degradation products. This study provides a significant strategy for the development of efficient catalysts incorporating Co for the environmentally friendly degradation of organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Liu
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Bin Zhou
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Caihong Zheng
- Fuzhou Ecological Environment Promotion and Education Center, Fuzhou 350000, China.
| | - Dong Wang
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Yao Ge
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Shengqiong Fang
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
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Niculescu AG, Mihaiescu B, Mihaiescu DE, Hadibarata T, Grumezescu AM. An Updated Overview of Magnetic Composites for Water Decontamination. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:709. [PMID: 38475395 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Water contamination by harmful organic and inorganic compounds seriously burdens human health and aquatic life. A series of conventional water purification methods can be employed, yet they come with certain disadvantages, including resulting sludge or solid waste, incomplete treatment process, and high costs. To overcome these limitations, attention has been drawn to nanotechnology for fabricating better-performing adsorbents for contaminant removal. In particular, magnetic nanostructures hold promise for water decontamination applications, benefiting from easy removal from aqueous solutions. In this respect, numerous researchers worldwide have reported incorporating magnetic particles into many composite materials. Therefore, this review aims to present the newest advancements in the field of magnetic composites for water decontamination, describing the appealing properties of a series of base materials and including the results of the most recent studies. In more detail, carbon-, polymer-, hydrogel-, aerogel-, silica-, clay-, biochar-, metal-organic framework-, and covalent organic framework-based magnetic composites are overviewed, which have displayed promising adsorption capacity for industrial pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest-ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu St. 1-7, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Mihaiescu
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest-ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu St. 1-7, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dan Eduard Mihaiescu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Tony Hadibarata
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu St. 1-7, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Environmental Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, Miri 98009, Malaysia
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest-ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu St. 1-7, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
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Wang D, Wang Y, Wang X. Heterostructured ZIF-67@α-MnO2 based nanofibrous membranes for highly effective removal of low-molecular-weight pollutants from wastewater. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zhang H, Li G, Zhu Q, Xiong P, Li R, Liu S, Zhang A, Liao C, Jiang G. Stable magnetic CoZn/N-doped polyhedron with self-generating carbon nanotubes for highly efficient removal of bisphenols from complex wastewaters. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 439:129584. [PMID: 35868084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenols have extensively been found in various environmental matrices and caused public concerns due to their endocrine-disrupting potential. Herein, we developed a ZIF-67@ZIF-8-derived CoZn/nitrogen-doped carbon (CoZn/NC) as a robust adsorbent for bisphenols in wastewaters. The self-generating carbon nanotubes and the open metal sites provided sufficient adsorption sites. The Co component endowed the derivative with strong magnetism facilitating its separation from water. CoZn/NC exhibited exceeding water stability in pH 3 - 12 solution and withstood water up to 15 days. The great applicability of CoZn/NC was validated with 16 real wastewaters from different sources (recoveries exceeding 97.9%). Fast adsorption kinetics were observed with removal efficiencies above 96.5% within 1 min. The adsorption isotherms were well fitted with the Langmuir model, with adsorption capacities of 222, 200, 193, and 321 mg g-1 for bisphenol A, bisphenol F, bisphenol S, and bisphenol AF, respectively. Variations in external conditions, including pH 3 - 9, humic acid (50 mg L-1), and NaCl (0.1 mol L-1), had negligible impacts on the adsorption process. The characterizations and density functional theory computation demonstrated that electrostatic, hydrophobic, π - π, and cation- π interactions are the driving forces in this system. The as-prepared CoZn/NC exhibits great promise in real wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ping Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ruibin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Aiqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Ahmadijokani F, Molavi H, Tajahmadi S, Rezakazemi M, Amini M, Kamkar M, Rojas OJ, Arjmand M. Coordination chemistry of metal–organic frameworks: Detection, adsorption, and photodegradation of tetracycline antibiotics and beyond. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Fang S, Huang X, Xie S, Du J, Zhu J, Wang K, Zhuang Q, Huang X. Removal of Chromium (VI) by a Magnetic Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron-Assisted Chicken Manure-Derived Biochar: Adsorption Behavior and Synergetic Mechanism. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:935525. [PMID: 35875500 PMCID: PMC9298784 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.935525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Using chicken manure as raw material to prepare activated carbon as a dispersant, a novel biochar-loaded nano-zerovalent iron composite (nZVI@CMBC) was developed and applied to remove hexavalent chromium, i.e., Cr(VI), in wastewater. The dispersion of nano-zerovalent iron (nZVI) particles on the surface of chicken manure–derived biochar (CMBC) successfully inhibited the aggregation of magnetic iron particles and effectively reduced the size of nZVI particles. The results demonstrated that under acidic conditions, the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) by the nZVI@CMBC composite could reach 124.12 mg g−1. The pseudosecond-order kinetic model had a good agreement with the adsorption kinetics of the nZVI@CMBC composite, implying that the adsorption of Cr(VI) is based on the multi-layer chemical adsorption. Therefore, this study provides a new clue and strategy for removing Cr(VI) in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqiong Fang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Huang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuangling Xie
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiale Du
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianlong Zhu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qinglin Zhuang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Jiangsu DDBS Environmental Remediation Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
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7
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He L, Zhi J, Li H, Jia Y, Gao Q, Wang J, Xu Y, Li X. Peroxymonosulfate activation by magnetic NiCo layered double hydroxides for naproxen degradation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Cobalt with porous carbon architecture: Towards of 4-nitrophenol degradation and reduction. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Hussain I, Sahoo S, Sayed MS, Ahmad M, Sufyan Javed M, Lamiel C, Li Y, Shim JJ, Ma X, Zhang K. Hollow nano- and microstructures: Mechanism, composition, applications, and factors affecting morphology and performance. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Du A, Fu H, Wang P, Zhao C, Wang CC. Enhanced catalytic peroxymonosulfate activation for sulfonamide antibiotics degradation over the supported CoS x-CuS x derived from ZIF-L(Co) immobilized on copper foam. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 426:128134. [PMID: 34959213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The CoSx-CuSx was firmly immobilized on copper foam (CF) substrate to fabricate supported CoSx-CuSx/CF using ZIF-L(Co)/CF as a self-sacrificing template, in which CF substrate played an important role in improving the adhesion between CF and target catalyst as well as the interfacial interaction between CoSx and CuSx. The CoSx-CuSx/CF performed well in catalytic peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation, which can accomplish 97.0% sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation within 10 min due to the special structure and Co2+ regeneration promoted by S2- and Cu+. The influences of pH, PMS dosage, catalyst dosage, co-existing anions and natural organic matter (NOM) on SMX removal were studied in detail. CoSx-CuSx/CF presented excellent catalytic activity and reusability, which might be fascinating candidate for real wastewater treatment. The possible pathway of SMX degradation was proposed, and the toxicity of the intermediates during the degradation process were evaluated. It is noteworthy that long-term continuous degradation of sulfonamide antibiotics was achieved using a self-developed continuous-flow fixed-bed reactor. This work demonstrated that CF as a substrate to fabricate supported catalysts derived from MOF had great potential in actual wastewater remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aofei Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Building Structure and Environment Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Huifen Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Building Structure and Environment Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Building Structure and Environment Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, China Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Building Structure and Environment Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Chong-Chen Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Building Structure and Environment Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, China Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China.
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Ye J, Dai J, Yang D, Li C, Yan Y, Wang Y. Interfacial engineering of vacancy-rich nitrogen-doped Fe xO y@MoS 2 Co-catalytic carbonaceous beads mediated non-radicals for fast catalytic oxidation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126715. [PMID: 34332488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
How to accelerate the Fe3+/Fe2+ conversion and fabricate recyclable iron-based catalysts with high reactivity and stability is highly desired yet challenging. Herein, vacancy-rich N@FexOy@MoS2 carbonaceous beads were firstly developed via employing sodium alginate, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and Fe-ZIFs through sol-gel self-assembly, followed by in-situ growth and pyrolysis strategies. As expected, A series of characterizations reflected that N@FexOy@MoS2 had high dispersibility and conductivity for fast mass and electron transport, and MoS2 as co-catalyst accelerated the circulation of Fe3+ to Fe2+ that attained 99.4% (0.345 min-1) norfloxacin degradation via PMS activation in a synergistic ''adsorption-driven-oxidation'' process, which much outperformed those of pure MoS2 (32.4%) and N@FexOy powder catalyst (45.3%). Moreover, confined Fe species, graphitic N, pyrrolic N, pyridinic N, and sulfur/oxygen vacancies were found as highly exposed active sites that contributed to the activation of PMS to dominate non-radicals (1O2 and O2·-) and other radicals following a contribution order 1O2 > O2·- > SO4·- > ·OH. More importantly, a fluidized-bed catalytic unit was evaluated and maintained the continuous zero discharge of NX. Overall, this study offered a generally applicable approach to fabricate removable Fe-based catalysts for contaminants remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ye
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jiangdong Dai
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Dayi Yang
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Chunxiang Li
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Yongsheng Yan
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China.
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Mohamed RM, Mkhalid IA, Alhaddad M, Basaleh A, Alzahrani KA, Ismail AA. Construction of hierarchical ZnS@ZnO secured from metal – organic framework- ZnS@ZIF-8 for enhanced photoreduction of CO2. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Wan Y, Ye J, Wang L, Dai J. Interfacial engineering for ultrafine Co3O4 confined in graphene macroscopic microspheres with boosting peroxymonosulfate activation. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Hou J, He X, Zhang S, Yu J, Feng M, Li X. Recent advances in cobalt-activated sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes for water remediation: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 770:145311. [PMID: 33736411 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) have attracted increasing attention for the degradation of organic contaminants in water. The oxidants of SR-AOPs could be activated to generate different kinds of reactive oxygen species (ROS, e.g., hydroxyl radicals (OH), sulfate radicals (SO4-), singlet oxygen (1O2), and superoxide radicals (O2-)) by various catalysts. As one of the promising catalysts, cobalt-based catalysts have been extensively investigated in catalytic activity and stability during water remediation. This article mainly summarizes recent advances in preparation and applications of cobalt-based catalysts on peroxydisulfate (PDS)/peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation since 2016. The review covers the development of homogeneous cobalt ions, cobalt oxides, supported cobalt composites, and cobalt-based mixed metal oxides for PDS/PMS activation, especially for the latest nanocomposites such as cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks and single-atom catalysts. This article also discussed the activation mechanisms and the influencing factors of different cobalt-based catalysts for activating PDS/PMS. Finally, the future perspectives on the challenges and applications of cobalt-based catalysts are presented at the end of this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifei Hou
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiudan He
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Shengqi Zhang
- College of Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jialin Yu
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Mingbao Feng
- College of Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Xuede Li
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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