Phytochemical profiling of Turbinaria ornata and its antioxidant and anti-proliferative effects

Resistance of Nile tilapia fed with Padina boergesenii extract to Pseudomonas putida infection

The aim of this research was to estimate the immunopotentiation effect of brown algae Padina boergesenii water extract on Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus through resistance to Pseudomonas putida infection. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry was utilized to characterize the seaweed phytoconstituents. One hundred and twenty-six fish were divided in triplicates into two equal groups corresponding to two diet variants that used to feed Nile tilapia for 20 successive days: a basal (control), and P. boergesenii water extract supplemented group. Fish samples were collected at 10-days intervals throughout the experiment. Serum biochemical constituents, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and some immune related genes expression of the spleen and intestinal tissues of experimental fish were studied, as well as histological examination of fish immune tissues. Moreover, following 20 days of feeding, the susceptibility of Nile tilapia to P. putida infection was evaluated to assess the protective effect of the used extract. The findings indicated that the studied parameters were significantly increased, and the best immune response profiles were observed in fish fed P. boergesenii water extract for 20 successive days. A bacterial challenge experiment using P. putida resulted in higher survival within the supplemented fish group than the control. Thus, the lowered post-challenge mortality of the fish may be related to the protection provided by the stimulation of the innate immune system, reduced oxidative stress by higher activity of TAC, and elevated levels of expression of iterleukin-1beta (IL-1β), beta-defensin (β-defensin), and natural killer-lysin (NKl). Moreover, the constituents of the extract used showed potential protective activity for histological features of the supplemented fish group when compared to the control. Collectively, this study presents a great insight on the protective role of P. boergesenii water extract as an additive in Nile tilapia feed which suggests its potential for improving the immune response against P. putida infection.

Biogenic preparation of ZnO, CaO, and ZnO-CaO nanocomposites and its influence on agro-morphological characteristics of mung bean

In this study, nanomaterials (ZnO and CaO) and ZnO-CaO nanocomposites (Zn₂₅Ca₇₅O; Zn₅₀Ca₅₀O; Zn₇₅Ca₂₅O) were prepared using co-precipitation method and physico-chemically characterized by XRD, FT-IR, and SEM with EDAX analysis. The XRD pattern of ZnO nanomaterials exhibits hexagonal wurtzite structure and CaO nanomaterials exhibit face-centered cubic (FCC) structure whereas nanocomposites (Zn₇₅Ca₂₅O, Zn₅₀Ca₅₀O, Zn₂₅Ca₇₅O) exhibit both hexagonal phase of ZnO and cubic phase of CaO. The SEM images of ZnO-CaO nanocomposites show the well-distributed clusters composed of ZnO and CaO nanoparticles with most of the particles are spherical and some of the particles are rod- and cubic-like morphology. Furthermore, nanomaterials and nanocomposites were used as nano-seed priming agents to assess the seed germination and seedling growth parameters of mung beans. Among the nano-seed priming agents, 500 ppm concentration of the nanocomposite (Zn₅₀Ca₅₀O) showed significant enhancement of germination (100%) and shoot length (11.7 cm), root length (8.9 cm), and vigor index (1910) than other nanomaterials and nanocomposites.

Neophytadiene from Turbinaria ornata Suppresses LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response in RAW 264.7 Macrophages and Sprague Dawley Rats

This study investigates the mode of action of Neophytadiene (MT), a molecule isolated from a marine algae Turbinaria ornata in LPS-induced inflammation in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Neophytadiene (25, 50, 100 μM/mL) was treated to LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages cells to identify its anti-inflammatory potential by measuring the level of tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and nitric oxide (NO) using Griess reagent. The mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL-6 and IL-10), and the protein expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were quantified by Western blot analysis. Subsequently, Neophytadiene (12, 25, 50 mg/kg b.wt/p.o) was pre-treated for 7 days to the experimental animals followed by LPS (10 mg/kg) injection interaperitonially. After LPS induction, blood was collected and the haematological parameters were analysed followed by isolation of heart tissue for biochemical molecular and histopathological analysis Neophytadiene significantly inhibited the NO production and inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 both in in vitro and in vivo conditions. Further, the expression of TNF-α, IL1β, NF-κB, iNOS, PI3k/Akt and MAPK in the heart tissue was modulated by Neophytadiene significantly confirming the anti-inflammatory potential. Thus, the effect of Neophytadiene on LPS-induced cardiac injury can be attributed to its anti-inflammatory antioxidant and cardioprotective properties.