1
|
Alahmadi MA, Almasoud KH, Aljahani AH, Alzaman NS, Al-Nozha OM, Alahmadi OM, Jalloun RA, Alfadhli EM, Alahmadi JM, Zuair AA, Alzahrani NS, Alahmdi AA, Alghamdi MA, Aldayel AA, Aljaloud SO, Alharbi OM, Al-Nuaim A, Alshqaq SS, Alsaedi BS, Alrashidi A, Alamri OA, Alshaikhi AS, Al-Thumali FJ, Alshdokhi KA, Awn AB, Jifri AA, Aljuhani O, Aljaloud KS, Al-Mudarra MF, Ansari MGA, Al-Daghri NM. The prevalence of sedentary behavior among university students in Saudi Arabia. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:605. [PMID: 38408947 PMCID: PMC10895824 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18107-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A considerable body of research has demonstrated that reducing sitting time benefits health. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the prevalence of sedentary behavior (SB) and its patterns. METHODS A total of 6975 university students (49.1% female) were chosen randomly to participate in a face-to-face interview. The original English version of the sedentary behavior questionnaire (SBQ) was previously translated into Arabic. Then, the validated Arabic version of the SBQ was used to assess SB. The Arabic SBQ included 9 types of SB (watching television, playing computer/video games, sitting while listening to music, sitting and talking on the phone, doing paperwork or office work, sitting and reading, playing a musical instrument, doing arts and crafts, and sitting and driving/riding in a car, bus or train) on weekdays and weekends. RESULTS SBQ indicated that the total time of SB was considerably high (478.75 ± 256.60 and 535.86 ± 316.53 (min/day) during weekdays and weekends, respectively). On average, participants spent the most time during the day doing office/paperwork (item number 4) during weekdays (112.47 ± 111.11 min/day) and weekends (122.05 ± 113.49 min/day), followed by sitting time in transportation (item number 9) during weekdays (78.95 ± 83.25 min/day) and weekends (92.84 ± 100.19 min/day). The average total sitting time of the SBQ was 495.09 ± 247.38 (min/day) and 58.4% of the participants reported a high amount of sitting time (≥ 7 hours/day). Independent t-test showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) between males and females in all types of SB except with doing office/paperwork (item number 4). The results also showed that male students have a longer daily sitting time (521.73 ± 236.53 min/day) than females (467.38 ± 255.28 min/day). Finally, 64.1% of the males reported a high amount of sitting time (≥ 7 hours/day) compared to females (52.3%). CONCLUSION In conclusion, the total mean length of SB in minutes per day for male and female university students was considerably high. About 58% of the population appeared to spend ≥7 h/day sedentary. Male university students are likelier to sit longer than female students. Our findings also indicated that SB and physical activity interventions are needed to raise awareness of the importance of adopting an active lifestyle and reducing sitting time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Alahmadi
- Sport Science and Physical Activity Department, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid H Almasoud
- Sport Science and Physical Activity Department, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani H Aljahani
- Physical Sport Science Department, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naweed S Alzaman
- Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar M Al-Nozha
- Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama M Alahmadi
- College of Medicine, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rola A Jalloun
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman M Alfadhli
- Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Areeg A Zuair
- Community Health Nursing Department, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif S Alzahrani
- Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Alahmdi
- College of Medicine, Al-Rayan Colleges, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Obead M Alharbi
- Department of Curriculum and Instruction, Collage of Education, Qassim University, Burayday, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar Al-Nuaim
- Physical Education Department, Education College, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Basim S Alsaedi
- Department of Statistics, College of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf Alrashidi
- Department of Statistics, College of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A Alamri
- Department of Statistics, College of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulwahed S Alshaikhi
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Khaled A Alshdokhi
- Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity, College of Education, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmohsen Bin Awn
- Department of General Curricula and Instruction, College of Education, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Abdullah Jifri
- Department of Sport Science, College of Sport Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Aljuhani
- Department of Physical Education, College of Sports Science and Physical Activity, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S Aljaloud
- Exercise Physiology Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munirah Fayez Al-Mudarra
- Department of Home Economics, College of Education, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Al-Dawasir, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed G A Ansari
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser M Al-Daghri
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abualrahi AM, Alhanabi FH, Alalloush RS, Alsalman ZH, Albaker WI, AlSheikh MH, Almuzain FA, Al-Hariri MT. Assessment of dietary magnesium intake in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. J Med Life 2023; 16:1789-1795. [PMID: 38585527 PMCID: PMC10994627 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnesium is an essential element and the most abundant intracellular cation after potassium. This cross-sectional study assessed the average dietary magnesium intake among residents of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Data was collected using a self-reported validated electronic questionnaire between April 2022 and July 2023. The first part of the survey included demographic data, and the second section comprised 33 items, including a semi-quantitative tool specifically designed to evaluate magnesium intake over the last three months. We included 1065 participants, out of whom 61.1% were women. The predominant age group was 19 - 26 years (56.9%), and most participants (83.3%) reported no comorbidities. The majority (48.5%) had normal weight, 246 (23%) were overweight, and 193 (18.1%) were obese. Most participants had low dietary magnesium intake, ranging from one to five times monthly. There was a positive correlation between age and dietary magnesium consumption. The study highlights a concerning trend of low magnesium intake, representing a risk for various chronic diseases. This trend could be linked to increased consumption of typical diets low in magnesium, such as those high in refined sugars, flour, and processed foods, prevalent among the younger Saudi population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohsen Abualrahi
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Waleed Ibrahim Albaker
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Hmoud AlSheikh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed Taha Al-Hariri
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Al-Mshari A, AlSheikh MH, Latif R, Mumtaz S, Albaker W, Al-Hariri M. Impact of smoking intensities on sleep quality in young Saudi males: a comparative study. J Med Life 2022; 15:1392-1396. [PMID: 36567837 PMCID: PMC9762367 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2022-0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare various components of sleep quality between cigarette smokers of various intensities and non-smokers in young Saudi males. In total, 73 healthy male participants (31 smokers and 42 non-smokers) aged 17-33 years were recruited over three months (August 2018 to October 2018). All participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. The smokers were then divided into three groups, according to their Smoking Index* (SI) (Cigarettes Per Day (CPD) X Years of Tobacco Use), into mild, moderate, and heavy smokers. The PSQI was significantly higher in heavy smokers than in mild smokers (P=0.022) or non-smokers (p=0.013). A significant positive correlation was observed between the PSQI and the smoking index (p=0.005). Sleep duration was significantly longer in heavy smokers compared to mild (p=0.032) and nonsmokers (p=0.047). Sleep disturbance was significantly higher in moderate than nonsmokers (p=0.035) and moderate than mild smokers (p=0.028). Sleep latency was significantly longer in heavy than nonsmokers (p=0.011). Daytime dysfunction was significantly higher in moderate than mild smokers (p=0.041). Habitual sleep efficiency was significantly greater in moderate than in either mild (p=0.013) or nonsmokers (p=0.021). The use of sleep medication was significantly higher in moderate than nonsmokers (p=0.041). The findings suggest that poorer sleep quality is positively associated with smoking intensity among young Saudi males. Considering the importance of sleep quality for well-being and health, these results suggest exploring how improving sleep quality could inform future smoking cessation interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Al-Mshari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Hmoud AlSheikh
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabia Latif
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadaf Mumtaz
- Physiology Department, Dental College, HITEC-Institute of Medical Sciences, Taxila, Pakistan
| | - Waleed Albaker
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal, Dammam, Saudi Arabi
| | - Mohammed Al-Hariri
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia,Corresponding Author: Mohammed Al-Hariri, Physiology Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Albaker W, Al Sheikh M, Albakr A, Alkhafaji D, Al Besher E, Al-Hariri M. The Efficacy and Safety of Liraglutide 3.0 mg for Weight Management in Obese Non-Diabetic Saudi Outpatients. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:8643-8650. [PMID: 34849008 PMCID: PMC8627262 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s336904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unmanaged cases of obesity might lead to serious conditions and complications, which impair patients' lives. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of daily 3 mg subcutaneous (s/c) Liraglutide amongst obese non-diabetic patients in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of obese non-diabetic Saudi patients with obesity managed with s/c Liraglutide 3.0 mg who visited the outpatient clinic in Al Mashfa Hospital, Al Khobar, KSA during 2019-2021. We collected patient data from the electronic reporting system for different parameters. Body weight, hemoglobin A1c %, systolic and diastolic blood pressure mmHg were obtained at baseline and after the intervention. RESULTS Records of 258 patients who were using a daily dose of Liraglutide 3.0 mg s/c for at least four months have been reviewed. The body weight loss of patients who used Liraglutide for four months was 8.1±0.8 kg. Moreover, around 204 patients continued for up to six months. Meanwhile, the mean body weight loss was 13 kg. There was a significant reduction of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) % by 0.43%. The majority of patients (94.5%) reported satisfaction with the treatment, while adverse events were mainly nausea, vomiting and constipation. CONCLUSION Daily s/c Liraglutide of 3.0 mg is effective in producing significant body weight reduction in obese non-diabetic Saudi patients with tolerable minimal side effects and may provide health benefits in terms of reduced risk of obesity and its related outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Albaker
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Al Sheikh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aishah Albakr
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dania Alkhafaji
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Al Besher
- Department of Family Medicine, Ministry of Health, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Hariri
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
EL-Ashker S, Pednekar MS, Narake SS, Albaker W, Al-Hariri M. Blood Pressure and Cardio-Metabolic Risk Profile in Young Saudi Males in a University Setting. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:755. [PMID: 34440961 PMCID: PMC8399387 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57080755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) poses significant clinical and public health challenges across the world. This study aimed to study the metabolic risk factors and the association with blood pressure alteration. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted between 2017 and 2018 among 284 male university students in Eastern province, Saudi Arabia. The obesity and cardiovascular measurements were taken using standardized instruments, including blood pressure (BP), mean arterial pressure, body mass index (BMI), body adiposity index (BAI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), body fat percentage (BFP), and basal metabolic rate (BMR). Statistical Analysis: Blood pressure was classified according to the United States of America, Sixth Joint National committee (JNC-VI) guidelines. The mean and standard error were calculated for each hypertension group variable. Logistic regression was applied to predict associations. Results: The prevalence of hypertension in the present study was 61.6%., and that of overweight and obesity was 16.5% and 34.9%, respectively. The cut-off values of BMI and WC were 22.23 and 75.24, respectively. Conclusions: The results demonstrated that BMI, WC, WHR, and WHtR significantly predict hypertension and that WC has a greater discrimination capacity than other measures. The findings also emphasize the importance of cardiovascular risk screening for young adults to detect any alterations in blood pressure and thus identify the population that is vulnerable to CVDs at an early stage. The findings highlight the need for health and university policymakers to adopt measures to monitor and control hypertension and obesity at the university level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Said EL-Ashker
- Self-Development Department, Deanship of Preparatory Year, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mangesh S. Pednekar
- Healis, Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400701, India; (M.S.P.); (S.S.N.)
| | - Sameer S. Narake
- Healis, Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400701, India; (M.S.P.); (S.S.N.)
| | - Waleed Albaker
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Al-Hariri
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|