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Abu Bakar N, Mydin RBSMN, Yusop N, Matmin J, Ghazalli NF. Understanding the ideal wound healing mechanistic behavior using in silico modelling perspectives: A review. J Tissue Viability 2024; 33:104-115. [PMID: 38092620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Complexity of the entire body precludes an accurate assessment of the specific contributions of tissues or cells during the healing process, which might be expensive and time consuming. Because of this, controlling the wound's size, depth, and dimensions may be challenging, and there is not yet an efficient and reliable chronic wound model representation. Furthermore, given the inherent challenges associated with conducting non-invasive in vivo investigations, it becomes peremptory to explore alternative methodologies for studying wound healing. In this context, biologically-realistic mathematical and computational models emerge as a valuable framework that can effectively address this need. Therefore, it might improve our approach to understanding the process at its core. This article will examines all facets of wound healing, including the kinds, pathways, and most current developments in wound treatment worldwide, particularly in silico modelling utilizing both mathematical and structure-based modelling techniques. It may be helpful to identify the crucial traits through the feedback loop of computer models and experimental investigations in order to build innovative therapies to cure wounds. Hence the effectiveness of personalised medicine and more targeted therapy in the healing of wounds may be enhanced by this interdisciplinary expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norshamiza Abu Bakar
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rabiatul Basria S M N Mydin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200, Bertam, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Norhayati Yusop
- Basic and Medical Sciences Department, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Juan Matmin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Nur Fatiha Ghazalli
- Basic and Medical Sciences Department, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.
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2
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The Biosynthesis and Medicinal Properties of Taraxerol. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040807. [PMID: 35453556 PMCID: PMC9025716 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Taraxerol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is actively produced by some higher plants as part of a defense mechanism. The biosynthesis of taraxerol in plants occurs through the mevalonate pathway in the cytosol, in which dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) and isopentyl pyrophosphate (IPP) are first produced, followed by squalene. Squalene is the primary precursor for the synthesis of triterpenoids, including taraxerol, β-amyrin, and lupeol, which are catalyzed by taraxerol synthase. Taraxerol has been extensively investigated for its medicinal and pharmacological properties, and various biotechnological approaches have been established to produce this compound using in vitro techniques. This review provides an in-depth summary of the hypothesized taraxerol biosynthetic pathway, the medicinal properties of taraxerol, and recent developments on tissue culture for the in vitro production of taraxerol.
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Islam MA, Zilani MNH, Biswas P, Khan DA, Rahman MH, Nahid R, Nahar N, Samad A, Ahammad F, Hasan MN. Evaluation of in vitro and in silico anti-inflammatory potential of some selected medicinal plants of Bangladesh against cyclooxygenase-II enzyme. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114900. [PMID: 34896569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Medicinal plants are sources of chemical treasures that can be used in treatment of different diseases, including inflammatory disorders. Traditionally, Heritiera littoralis, Ceriops decandra, Ligustrum sinense, and Polyscias scutellaria are used to treat pain, hepatitis, breast inflammation. The present research was designed to explore phytochemicals from the ethanol extracts of H. littoralis, C. decandra, L. sinense, and P. scutellaria to discern the possible pharmacophore (s) in the treatment of inflammatory disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS The chemical compounds of experimental plants were identified through GC-MS analysis. Furthermore, in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity was assessed in human erythrocytes and an in-silico study was appraised against COX-2. RESULTS The experimental extracts totally revealed 77 compounds in GC-MS analysis and all the extracts showed anti-inflammatory activity in in-vitro assays. The most favorable phytochemicals as anti-inflammatory agents were selected via ADMET profiling and molecular docking with specific protein of the COX-2 enzyme. Molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) confirmed the stability of the selected natural compound at the binding site of the protein. Three phytochemicals exhibited the better competitive result than the conventional anti-inflammatory drug naproxen in molecular docking and MDS studies. CONCLUSION Both experimental and computational studies have scientifically revealed the folklore uses of the experimental medicinal plants in inflammatory disorders. Overall, N-(2-hydroxycyclohexyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide (PubChem CID: 575170); Benzeneethanamine, 2-fluoro-. beta., 3, 4-trihydroxy-N-isopropyl (PubChem CID: 547892); and 3,5-di-tert-butylphenol (PubChem CID: 70825) could be the potential leads for COX-2 inhibitor for further evaluation of drug-likeliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Aminul Islam
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Nazmul Hasan Zilani
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh.
| | - Partha Biswas
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh.
| | - Dhrubo Ahmed Khan
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Hasanur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh; ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh.
| | - Ruqayyah Nahid
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh.
| | - Nazmun Nahar
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh.
| | - Abdus Samad
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh; Laboratory of Computational Biology, Biological Solution Centre, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh.
| | - Foysal Ahammad
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Biological Solution Centre, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh; Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddha, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Md Nazmul Hasan
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh.
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Mandale V, Thomas A, Wavhale R, Chitlange S. In-silico Screening of Phytoconstituents on Wound Healing Targets-Approaches and Current Status. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2021; 19:e301121198426. [PMID: 34847843 DOI: 10.2174/1570163819666211130141442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Over recent years, there has been tremendous research focused on the effective utilization of natural products in wound management. Natural or herbal products contain several phytoconstituents that may act on various stages in wound healing and thereby provide a multi-targeted approach especially in the treatment of chronic wounds. Currently, attempts have been made to screen the phytoconstituents present in herbs on various targets involved in wound healing. This review includes a systematic evaluation of scientific reports by various groups of researchers on the herbals evaluated for wound management, their phytochemical profiling, pre-clinical studies, and molecular modeling studies. Various wound targets discussed include Interleukin-1, Interleukin-6, Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Thymosin beta-4 (Tβ-4) that regulate the early inflammatory stage and the novel T cell immune response cDNA 7(TIRC7) that regulates angiogenesis. Also, neuropeptides P and Y act on the inflammatory, migratory, and proliferation phases, and growth factors like vascular endothelial growth factor family (VEGF) and placental growth factor family (PGF) are involved in angiogenesis, while the role of Fibroblast growth factor in tissue remodeling is discussed. As many of the natural products include polyherbal systems, this approach can help in the judicious selection of a combination of herbs that will act on multiple targets in the wound healing process and provide a multi-factorial approach in wound management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Mandale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, MS. India
| | - Asha Thomas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, MS. India
| | - Ravindra Wavhale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, MS. India
| | - Sohan Chitlange
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, MS. India
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Rajagopal G, Nivetha A, Sundar M, Panneerselvam T, Murugesan S, Parasuraman P, Kumar S, Ilango S, Kunjiappan S. Mixed phytochemicals mediated synthesis of copper nanoparticles for anticancer and larvicidal applications. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07360. [PMID: 34235284 PMCID: PMC8246643 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) using Wrightia tinctoria (Wt) R.Br extract is defined in this article as being convenient, environmentally friendly, and non-toxic. UV-visible spectrophotometry, FT-IR, XRD, particle size analyser, SEM-EDAX and TEM methods were used to describe the physicochemical properties of Wt extract mediated synthesized CuNPs (Wt-CuNPs). The Wt-CuNPs synthesized was found to be monodispersed and spherical, with an average size of 15 nm. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) research revealed that the Wt R.Br plant extract contains various phytochemical compounds. The properties of Wt-CuNPs were verified by the findings of characterization tests. Via in silico molecular docking experiments with established targets, the underlying mechanisms of cytotoxicity against breast cancer and larvicidal behaviour against Aedes aegypti of Wt-CuNPs were investigated. Interestingly, in vitro cytotoxicity studies showed 50% cell death (IC50) of Wt-CuNPs treated MCF-7 cells and Vero Cells (Kidney epithelial cells) were displayed at 119.23 μg.mL-1 and 898.75 μg.mL-1, respectively. Also, Wt-CuNPs showed least LC50 and LC90 values for larvicidal activity against A. aegypti were of 32.10 μg.mL-1 and 21.70 μg.mL-1, respectively. Furthermore, Wt-CuNPs is found to be less toxic and biocompatible in haemolytic assays. The findings clearly showed that biosynthesized Wt-CuNPs have been used as a possible anticancer and larvicidal agent, as well as being environmentally friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopalan Rajagopal
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Zoology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College, Sivakasi, 626124, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ambikapathi Nivetha
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Madasamy Sundar
- Centre for Research and Postgraduate Studies in Botany, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College, Sivakasi, 626124, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Theivendran Panneerselvam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Swamy Vivekanadha College of Pharmacy, Elayampalayam, Tiruchengodu, 637205, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sankaranarayanan Murugesan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pavadai Parasuraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, M S R Nagar, Bengaluru, 560054, Karnataka, India
| | - Sattanathan Kumar
- Deparment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Paavai College of Pharmacy and Research, Namakkal, 637018, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sakkanan Ilango
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Zoology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College, Sivakasi, 626124, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvaraj Kunjiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126, Tamil Nadu, India
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Kunjiappan S, Sankaranarayanan M, Karan Kumar B, Pavadai P, Babkiewicz E, Maszczyk P, Glodkowska-Mrowka E, Arunachalam S, Ram Kumar Pandian S, Ravishankar V, Baskararaj S, Vellaichamy S, Arulmani L, Panneerselvam T. Capsaicin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: design, biodistribution, in silico modeling and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:095101. [PMID: 33113518 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abc57e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lower doses of capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) have the potential to serve as an anticancer drug, however, due to its pungency, irritant effect, poor water solubility and high distribution volume often linked to various off-target effects, its therapeutic use is limited. This study aimed to determine the biodistribution and anticancer efficacy of capsaicin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) in human hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro. In this study, SLNs of stearic acid loaded with capsaicin was formulated by the solvent evaporation-emulsification technique and were instantly characterized for their encapsulation efficiency, morphology, loading capacity, stability, particle size, charge and in vitro drug release profile. Synthesized SLNs were predominantly spherical, 80 nm diameter particles that proved to be biocompatible with good stability in aqueous conditions. In vivo biodistribution studies of the formulated SLNs showed that 48 h after injection in the lateral tail vein, up to 15% of the cells in the liver, 1.04% of the cells in the spleen, 3.05% of the cells in the kidneys, 3.76% of the cells in the heart, 1.31% of the cells in the lungs and 0% of the cells in the brain of rats were determined. Molecular docking studies against the identified targets in HepG2 cells showed that the capsaicin is able to bind Abelson tyrosine-protein kinase, c-Src kinase, p38 MAP kinase and VEGF-receptor. Molecular dynamic simulation showed that capsaicin-VEGF receptor complex is highly stable at 50 nano seconds. The IC50 of capsaicin loaded SLNs in HepG2 cells in vitro was 21.36 μg × ml-1. These findings suggest that capsaicin loaded SLNs are stable in circulation for a period up to 3 d, providing a controlled release of loaded capsaicin and enhanced anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Kunjiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil-626126, India
| | - Murugesan Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani-333031, India
| | - Banoth Karan Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani-333031, India
| | - Parasuraman Pavadai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, M S R Nagar, Bengaluru-560054, India
| | - Ewa Babkiewicz
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw at Biology & Chemistry Research Center, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Maszczyk
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw at Biology & Chemistry Research Center, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eliza Glodkowska-Mrowka
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Indira Gandhi St. 14, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sankarganesh Arunachalam
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil-626126, India
| | | | | | - Suraj Baskararaj
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil-626126, India
| | - Sivakumar Vellaichamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Arulmigu Kalasalingam College of Pharmacy, Krishnankoil-626126, India
| | - Lalitha Arulmani
- Senior Scientist, Virtis Biolabs, Pvt., Ltd, Kannankurichi, Salem-636008, India
| | - Theivendren Panneerselvam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Swamy Vivekananda College of Pharmacy, Elayampalayam, Namakkal-637205, India
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Satapathy P, Prakash JK, More SS, Chandramohan V, Zameer F. Structural modulation of dual oxidase (Duox) in Drosophila melanogaster by phyto-elicitors: A free energy study with molecular dynamics approach. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2021.100811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Satapathy P, Prakash JK, Gowda VC, More SS, K M, Chandramohan V, Zameer F. Targeting Imd pathway receptor in Drosophila melanogaster and repurposing of phyto-inhibitors: structural modulation and molecular dynamics. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:1659-1670. [PMID: 33050786 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1831611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Dysbiosis is a major cause of disease in an individual, generally initiated in the gastrointestinal tract. The gut, also known as the second brain, constitutes a major role in immune signaling. To study the immunity cascade, the Drosophila model was considered targeting the Imd pathway receptor (2F2L) located in the midgut. This receptor further initiates the immune signaling mechanism influenced by bacteria. To inhibit the Imd pathway, the crystal structure of Imd with PDB: 2F2L was considered for the screening of suitable ligand/inhibitor. In light of our previous studies, repurposing of anti-diabetic ligands from the banana plant namely lupeol (LUP), stigmasterol (STI), β-sitosterol (BST) and umbelliferone (UMB) were screened. This study identifies the potential inhibitor along with the tracheal toxin (TCT), a major peptidoglycan constituent of microbes. The molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation of complexes 2F2L-MLD, 2F2L- CAP, 2F2L-LUP, 2F2L-BST, 2F2L-STI and 2F2L-UMB elucidates the intermolecular interaction into the inhibitory property of ligands. The results of this study infer LUP and UMB as better ligands with high stability and functionality among the screened candidates. This study provides insights into the dysbiosis and its amelioration by plant-derived molecules. The identified drugs (LUP & UMB) will probably act as an inhibitor against microbial dysbiosis and other related pathogenesis (diabetes and diabetic neuropathy). Further, this study will widen avenues in fly biology research and which could be used as a therapeutic model in the rapid, reliable and reproducible screening of phytobiologics in complementary and alternative medicine for various lifestyle associated complications.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Satapathy
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jeevan Kallur Prakash
- Department of Biotechnology, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India
| | - V Chirag Gowda
- Department of Biotechnology, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sunil S More
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Muthuchelian K
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vivek Chandramohan
- Department of Biotechnology, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Farhan Zameer
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Pooranachithra M, Bhaskar JP, Murali D, Das SS, JebaMercy G, Krishnan V, Balamurugan K. Unravelling the wound healing ability and mode of action of pyridine carboxamide oxime using Caenorhabditis elegans as potential prescreen wound model. Life Sci 2019; 235:116859. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Berté TE, Dalmagro AP, Zimath PL, Gonçalves AE, Meyre-Silva C, Bürger C, Weber CJ, Dos Santos DA, Cechinel-Filho V, de Souza MM. Taraxerol as a possible therapeutic agent on memory impairments and Alzheimer's disease: Effects against scopolamine and streptozotocin-induced cognitive dysfunctions. Steroids 2018; 132:5-11. [PMID: 29355563 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with cognitive impairment and cholinergic neuronal death, characteristic of the effect of time on biochemical neuronal function. The use of medicinal plants as an alternative form of prevention, or even as a possible treatment of AD, is therefore interesting areas of research, since the standard drugs have many side effects. Taraxerol (TRX) is a triterpene that has been isolated from several plant species, and its various pharmacological properties have already been identified, such the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition activity in vitro. There is a lack of information in literature that confirms the effect of TRX in an animal AD-like model. Seeking to fill this gap in the literature, in the present work we assessed the effect of TRX on AChE activity in the animals' encephalon and hippocampus. We also investigated the effect of TRX (1.77 µM/side, 0.5 μL) isolated from leaves of Eugenia umbelliflora Berg. on aversive memory impairments induced by scopolamine (2 µg/side, 0.5 µL) infused into rat hippocampus, and the effect of TRX (0.89 and 1.77 µM/side, 0.5 μL) on aversive memory impairments induced by streptozotocin (STZ) (2.5 mg/mL, 2.0 µL) infused i.c.v. into mice, using the step-down inhibitory avoidance task. We found that TRX significantly inhibited AChE activity in the animal's hippocampus. Furthermore, TRX significantly improved scopolamine and STZ-induced memory impairment. Taking together, these results confirms its AChE activity inhibition in animals and indicate that TRX has anti-amnesic activity that may hold significant therapeutic value in alleviating certain memory impairments observed in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Elisa Berté
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, CCS - Núcleo de Investigações Químico Farmacêuticas NIQFAR/UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-202 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Dalmagro
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, CCS - Núcleo de Investigações Químico Farmacêuticas NIQFAR/UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-202 Itajaí, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas/UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-202 Itajaí, SC, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Laiz Zimath
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, CCS - Núcleo de Investigações Químico Farmacêuticas NIQFAR/UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-202 Itajaí, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas/UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-202 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Elisa Gonçalves
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, CCS - Núcleo de Investigações Químico Farmacêuticas NIQFAR/UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-202 Itajaí, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas/UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-202 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Christiane Meyre-Silva
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, CCS - Núcleo de Investigações Químico Farmacêuticas NIQFAR/UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-202 Itajaí, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas/UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-202 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Cristiani Bürger
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, CCS - Núcleo de Investigações Químico Farmacêuticas NIQFAR/UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-202 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Carla J Weber
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, CCS - Núcleo de Investigações Químico Farmacêuticas NIQFAR/UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-202 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Diogo Adolfo Dos Santos
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, CCS - Núcleo de Investigações Químico Farmacêuticas NIQFAR/UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-202 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Valdir Cechinel-Filho
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, CCS - Núcleo de Investigações Químico Farmacêuticas NIQFAR/UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-202 Itajaí, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas/UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-202 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Márcia M de Souza
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, CCS - Núcleo de Investigações Químico Farmacêuticas NIQFAR/UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-202 Itajaí, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas/UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai 458, Centro, CEP: 88302-202 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
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Khanra R, Dewanjee S, Dua TK, Bhattacharjee N. Taraxerol, a pentacyclic triterpene from Abroma augusta leaf, attenuates acute inflammation via inhibition of NF-κB signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:918-923. [PMID: 28178622 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abroma augusta L. (Malvaceae) leaf is traditionally used to treat inflammatory disorders. In our laboratory, we have scientifically validated the anti-inflammatory effect of A. augusta leaf extract. In this study, it has been aimed to evaluate in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of taraxerol isolated from the methanol extract of A. augusta leaf. It was further intended to find out the probable mechanism of anti-inflammatory effect of taraxerol. The anti-inflammatory effect of taraxerol (5 and 10mg/kg, i.p.) was measured employing carrageenan-induced paw edema model of acute inflammation. The carrageenan injection resulted significant edema formation in the right paw when compared with un-injected left paw. However, taraxerol (10mg/kg) treatment could significantly (p<0.05-0.01) attenuate carrageenan induced paw edema 2h onward. The effect of taraxerol at the dose of 5mg/kg was found to be significant (p<0.05) only after 4h of carrageenan treatment. Taraxerol (10mg/kg) treatment could significantly (p<0.01) attenuate carrageenan mediated up-regulation in the levels of IL 1β, IL 6, IL 12 and TNF α in the right paw tissues. In search of molecular mechanism, taraxerol (10mg/kg) could significantly (p<0.05-0.01) reinstate carrageenan provoked NF-κB signaling and thereby caused significant down-regulation in the expressions of COX-2 (p<0.01) and iNOS (p<0.05). In conclusion, taraxerol would attenuate acute inflammation via inhibition of NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Khanra
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Tarun K Dua
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Niloy Bhattacharjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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Evaluating Andrographolide as a Potent Inhibitor of NS3-4A Protease and Its Drug-Resistant Mutants Using In Silico Approaches. Adv Virol 2015; 2015:972067. [PMID: 26587022 PMCID: PMC4637434 DOI: 10.1155/2015/972067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Current combination therapy of PEG-INF and ribavirin against the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) genotype-1 infections is ineffective in maintaining sustained viral response in 50% of the infection cases. New compounds in the form of protease inhibitors can complement the combination therapy. Asunaprevir is new to the drug regiment as the NS3-4A protease inhibitor, but it is susceptible to two mutations, namely, R155K and D168A in the protein. Thus, in our study, we sought to evaluate Andrographolide, a labdane-diterpenoid from the Andrographis paniculata plant as an effective compound for inhibiting the NS3-4A protease as well as its concomitant drug-resistant mutants by using molecular docking and dynamic simulations. Our study shows that Andrographolide has best docking scores of −15.0862, −15.2322, and −13.9072 compared to those of Asunaprevir −3.7159, −2.6431, and −5.4149 with wild-type R155K and D168A mutants, respectively. Also, as shown in the MD simulations, the compound was good in binding the target proteins and maintains strong bonds causing very less to negligible perturbation in the protein backbone structures. Our results validate the susceptibility of Asunaprevir to protein variants as seen from our docking studies and trajectory period analysis. Therefore, from our study, we hope to add one more option in the drug regiment to tackle drug resistance in HCV infections.
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