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Raymond SJ, Maragh J, Masic A, Williams JR. Towards an understanding of the chemo-mechanical influences on kidney stone failure via the material point method. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240133. [PMID: 33306670 PMCID: PMC7732073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper explores the use of the meshfree computational mechanics method, the Material Point Method (MPM), to model the composition and damage of typical renal calculi, or kidney stones. Kidney stones are difficult entities to model due to their complex structure and failure behavior. Better understanding of how these stones behave when they are broken apart is a vital piece of knowledge to medical professionals whose aim is to remove these stone by breaking them within a patient’s body. While the properties of individual stones are varied, the common elements and proportions are used to generate synthetic stones that are then placed in a digital experiment to observe their failure patterns. First a more traditional engineering model of a Brazil test is used to create a tensile fracture within the center of these stones to observe the effect of stone consistency on failure behavior. Next a novel application of MPM is applied which relies on an ultrasonic wave being carried by surrounding fluid to model the ultrasonic treatment of stones commonly used by medical practitioners. This numerical modeling of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) reveals how these different stones failure in a more real-world situation and could be used to guide further research in this field for safer and more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J. Raymond
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Center for Computational Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Janille Maragh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Admir Masic
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - John R. Williams
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Center for Computational Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
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López-Marín LM, Rivera AL, Fernández F, Loske AM. Shock wave-induced permeabilization of mammalian cells. Phys Life Rev 2018; 26-27:1-38. [PMID: 29685859 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Controlled permeabilization of mammalian cell membranes is fundamental to develop gene and cell therapies based on macromolecular cargo delivery, a process that emerged against an increasing number of health afflictions, including genetic disorders, cancer and infections. Viral vectors have been successfully used for macromolecular delivery; however, they may have unpredictable side effects and have been limited to life-threatening cases. Thus, several chemical and physical methods have been explored to introduce drugs, vaccines, and nucleic acids into cells. One of the most appealing physical methods to deliver genes into cells is shock wave-induced poration. High-speed microjets of fluid, emitted due to the collapse of microbubbles after shock wave passage, represent the most significant mechanism that contributes to cell membrane poration by this technique. Herein, progress in shock wave-induced permeabilization of mammalian cells is presented. After covering the main concepts related to molecular strategies whose applications depend on safer drug delivery methods, the physics behind shock wave phenomena is described. Insights into the use of shock waves for cell membrane permeation are discussed, along with an overview of the two major biomedical applications thereof-i.e., genetic modification and anti-cancer shock wave-assisted chemotherapy. The aim of this review is to summarize 30 years of data showing underwater shock waves as a safe, noninvasive method for macromolecular delivery into mammalian cells, encouraging the development of further research, which is still required before the introduction of this promising tool into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz M López-Marín
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, 76230 Querétaro, Qro., Mexico.
| | - Ana Leonor Rivera
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares & Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Francisco Fernández
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, 76230 Querétaro, Qro., Mexico.
| | - Achim M Loske
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, 76230 Querétaro, Qro., Mexico.
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Ghorbani M, Oral O, Ekici S, Gozuacik D, Kosar A. Review on Lithotripsy and Cavitation in Urinary Stone Therapy. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2016; 9:264-83. [PMID: 27249837 DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2016.2573381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cavitation is the sudden formation of vapor bubbles or voids in liquid media and occurs after rapid changes in pressure as a consequence of mechanical forces. It is mostly an undesirable phenomenon. Although the elimination of cavitation is a major topic in the study of fluid dynamics, its destructive nature could be exploited for therapeutic applications. Ultrasonic and hydrodynamic sources are two main origins for generating cavitation. The purpose of this review is to give the reader a general idea about the formation of cavitation phenomenon and existing biomedical applications of ultrasonic and hydrodynamic cavitation. Because of the high number of the studies on ultrasound cavitation in the literature, the main focus of this review is placed on the lithotripsy techniques, which have been widely used for the treatment of urinary stones. Accordingly, cavitation phenomenon and its basic concepts are presented in Section II. The significance of the ultrasound cavitation in the urinary stone treatment is discussed in Section III in detail and hydrodynamic cavitation as an important alternative for the ultrasound cavitation is included in Section IV. Finally, side effects of using both ultrasound and hydrodynamic cavitation in biomedical applications are presented in Section V.
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de Icaza-Herrera M, Fernández F, Loske AM. Combined short and long-delay tandem shock waves to improve shock wave lithotripsy according to the Gilmore-Akulichev theory. ULTRASONICS 2015; 58:53-59. [PMID: 25553714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is a common non-invasive treatment for urinary stones whose fragmentation is achieved mainly by acoustic cavitation and mechanical stress. A few years ago, in vitro and in vivo experimentation demonstrated that such fragmentation can be improved, without increasing tissue damage, by sending a second shock wave hundreds of microseconds after the previous wave. Later, numerical simulations revealed that if the second pulse had a longer full width at half maximum than a standard shock wave, cavitation could be enhanced significantly. On the other side, a theoretical study showed that stress inside the stone can be increased if two lithotripter shock waves hit the stone with a delay of only 20 μs. We used the Gilmore-Akulichev formulation to show that, in principle, both effects can be combined, that is, stress and cavitation could be increased using a pressure pulse with long full width at half maximum, which reaches the stone within hundreds of microseconds after two 20 μs-delayed initial shock waves. Implementing the suggested pressure profile into clinical devices could be feasible, especially with piezoelectric shock wave sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel de Icaza-Herrera
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, Qro. 76230, Mexico
| | - Francisco Fernández
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, Qro. 76230, Mexico
| | - Achim M Loske
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, Qro. 76230, Mexico; División de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Valle de México, Villas del Mesón 1000, Querétaro, Qro. 76230, Mexico.
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Fernández F, Domínguez A, Castaño E, Loske AM. Out-of-Focus Low Pressure Pulse Pretreatment to the Whole Kidney to Reduce Renal Injury During Shockwave Lithotripsy: An In Vivo Study Using a Rabbit Model. J Endourol 2013; 27:774-82. [DOI: 10.1089/end.2012.0673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Fernández
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro., México
| | - Alejandra Domínguez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México D.F., México
| | - Eduardo Castaño
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Qro., México
| | - Achim M. Loske
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro., México
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Rosa M, Usai P, Miano R, Kim FJ, Agrò EF, Bove P, Micali S. Recent finding and new technologies in nephrolitiasis: a review of the recent literature. BMC Urol 2013; 13:10. [PMID: 23413950 PMCID: PMC3599704 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2490-13-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes recent literature on advances regarding renal and ureteral calculi, with particular focus in areas of recent advances in the overall field of urolithiasis. Clinical management in everyday practice requires a complete understanding of the issues regarding metabolic evaluation and subgrouping of stone-forming patients, diagnostic procedures, effective treatment regime in acute stone colic, medical expulsive therapy, and active stone removal. In this review we focus on new perspectives in managing nephrolitihiasis and discuss recentadvances, including medical expulsive therapy, new technologies, and refinements of classical therapy such as shock wave lithotripsy, give a fundamental modification of nephrolithiasis management. Overall, this field appears to be the most promising, capable of new developments in ureterorenoscopy and percutaneous approaches. Further improvements are expected from robotic-assisted procedures, such as flexible robotics in ureterorenoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rosa
- Department of Urology, University of Modena, Via del Pozzo, 71-41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Paolo Usai
- Department of Urology, University of Cagliari, Via Aurelio Nicolodi, 1 09123, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberto Miano
- Department of Urology, University “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Fernando J Kim
- Department of Urology, Denver Health Care Center, 777 Bannock Street, Denver, CO, 80204-4597, USA
| | | | - Pierluigi Bove
- Department of Urology, University “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Micali
- Department of Urology, Denver Health Care Center, 777 Bannock Street, Denver, CO, 80204-4597, USA
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Kobayashi K, Kodama T, Takahira H. Shock wave–bubble interaction near soft and rigid boundaries during lithotripsy: numerical analysis by the improved ghost fluid method. Phys Med Biol 2011; 56:6421-40. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/56/19/016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Fernández F, Fernández G, Loske AM. Treatment Time Reduction Using Tandem Shockwaves for Lithotripsy: AnIn VivoStudy. J Endourol 2009; 23:1247-53. [DOI: 10.1089/end.2009.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Fernández
- Departamento de Nanotecnología, Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Gilberto Fernández
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México D.F., México
| | - Achim M. Loske
- Departamento de Nanotecnología, Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
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