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Valipour J, Taghizadeh F, Esfahani R, Ramesh M, Rastegar T. Role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in female and male fertility. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29752. [PMID: 38720768 PMCID: PMC11076650 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress refers to a condition where there is an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and their removal by antioxidants. While the function of reactive oxygen species as specific second messengers under physiological conditions is necessary, their overproduction can lead to numerous instances of cell and tissue damage. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of many cytoprotective genes that respond to redox stresses. Nrf2 is regularly degraded by kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. The kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 and Nrf2 complex have attracted attention in both basic and clinical infertility research fields. Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of female infertility, including primary ovarian insufficiency, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and endometriosis, as well as male infertility, namely varicocele, cryptorchidism, spermatic cord torsion, and orchitis. Most scientists believe that Nrf2 is a potential therapeutic method in female and male infertility disorders due to its antioxidant effect. Here, the potential roles of oxidative stress and Nrf2 in female and male infertility disorders are reviewed. Moreover, the key role of Nrf2 in the inhibition or induction of these diseases is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Valipour
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Taghizadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Esfahani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahya Ramesh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Rastegar
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wagner IV, Klöting N, Savchuk I, Eifler L, Kulle A, Kralisch-Jäcklein S, Dötsch J, Hiort O, Svechnikov K, Söder O. Diabetes Type 1 Negatively Influences Leydig Cell Function in Rats, Which is Partially Reversible By Insulin Treatment. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6122542. [PMID: 33507237 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with impaired spermatogenesis and lower testosterone levels and epididymal weight. However, the underlying processes in the testis are unknown and remain to be elucidated. Therefore, the present study focused on the effects of T1DM on testicular function in a spontaneously diabetic rat model. BB/OKL rats after diabetes manifestation were divided into 3 groups: those without insulin treatment and insulin treatment for a duration of 2 and of 6 weeks. Anthropometrical data, circulating levels of gonadotrophins, testosterone, and inhibin B were measured. Intratesticular testosterone, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis were analyzed. Key enzymes of steroidogenesis were evaluated in the testis. Untreated diabetic rats had significantly lower serum follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels. Serum and intratesticular testosterone levels significantly decreased in untreated diabetic rats compared to healthy controls. Key markers of Leydig cell function were significantly downregulated at the RNA level: insulin-like factor 3 (Insl3) by 53% (P = .006), Star by 51% (P = .004), Cyp11A1 by 80% (P = .003), 3Beta-Hsd2 by 61% (P = .005), and Pbr by 52% (P = .002). In the insulin-treated group, only Cyp11A1 and 3Beta-Hsd2 transcripts were significantly lower. Interestingly, the long-term insulin-treated group showed significant upregulation of most steroidogenic enzymes without affecting testosterone levels. Tumor necrosis factor α and apoptosis were significantly increased in the long-term insulin-treated rats. In conclusion T1DM, with a severe lack of insulin, has an adverse action on Leydig cell function. This is partially reversible with well-compensated blood glucose control. Long-term T1DM adversely affects Leydig cell function because of the process of inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Viola Wagner
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB Adiposity Diseases), Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Iuliia Savchuk
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa Eifler
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexandra Kulle
- University Hospital Kiel, Hormone Center for Pediatric Endocrinology Laboratory, Kiel, Germany
| | - Susan Kralisch-Jäcklein
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Dötsch
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Olaf Hiort
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Konstantin Svechnikov
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olle Söder
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Nna VU, Bakar ABA, Ahmad A, Mohamed M. Diabetes-induced testicular oxidative stress, inflammation, and caspase-dependent apoptosis: the protective role of metformin. Arch Physiol Biochem 2020; 126:377-388. [PMID: 30513216 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1543329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Context: Metformin's effect on glycaemic control is well documented, but its effect on diabetes-induced testicular impairment has been scarcely reported.Objective: To investigate the effects of metformin on testicular oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, which largely contribute to fertility decline in diabetic state.Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups (n = 6/group) namely: normal control (NC), diabetic control (DC), and metformin (300 mg/kg b.w./d)-treated diabetic groups. Metformin was administrated for 4 weeks.Results: Decreased mRNA expressions and activities of antioxidant enzymes were seen in the testes of DC group. mRNA and protein expressions of pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic markers increased, while interleukin-10 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) decreased in the testes of DC group. Treatment with metformin up-regulated antioxidant enzymes, down-regulated inflammation, and apoptosis and increased PCNA immunoexpression in the testes.Conclusions: Metformin protects the testes from diabetes-induced impairment and may improve male reproductive health in diabetic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Udo Nna
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Ainul Bahiyah Abu Bakar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Azlina Ahmad
- Basic Science and Oral Biology Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mahaneem Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Unit of Integrative Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Jiang XP, Tang JY, Xu Z, Han P, Qin ZQ, Yang CD, Wang SQ, Tang M, Wang W, Qin C, Xu Y, Shen BX, Zhou WM, Zhang W. Sulforaphane attenuates di-N-butylphthalate-induced reproductive damage in pubertal mice: Involvement of the Nrf2-antioxidant system. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:1908-1917. [PMID: 28295950 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
di-N-butylphthalate (DBP) is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant used for plastic coating and in the cosmetics industry. It has toxic effects on body health, especially the male reproductive system. Here, we investigated the effects of DBP on the male reproductive system of pubertal mice and explored the protective role of sulforaphane (SFN). The results showed that DBP significantly reduced the anogenital distance, testicular weight, sperm count and motility, and plasma and testicular testosterone levels and significantly increased the oxidative stress, sperm abnormalities, and testicular cell apoptosis. SFN supplementation ameliorated these effects. After DBP stimulation, the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was adaptively increased together with its target genes, such as HO-1 and NQO1. Upregulation of Nrf2 by SFN reduced the DBP-mediated intracellular oxidative toxicity and also increased testosterone secretion and spermatogenesis, which were decreased by DBP. These findings indicate that SFN can attenuate DBP-induced reproductive damage in pubertal mice via Nrf2-associated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Ping Jiang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, 214200, China
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Tang
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Department of Urology, Wuxi Second People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214002, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Peng Han
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Qin
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Cheng-di Yang
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Shang-Qian Wang
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Chao Qin
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Bai-Xin Shen
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Wei-Min Zhou
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, 214200, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
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Zhao Y, Kong C, Chen X, Wang Z, Wan Z, Jia L, Liu Q, Wang Y, Li W, Cui J, Han F, Cai L. Repetitive exposure to low-dose X-irradiation attenuates testicular apoptosis in type 2 diabetic rats, likely via Akt-mediated Nrf2 activation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 422:203-210. [PMID: 26704079 PMCID: PMC5278883 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether repetitive exposure to low-dose radiation (LDR) attenuates type 2 diabetes (T2DM)-induced testicular apoptotic cell death in a T2DM rat model, we examined the effects of LDR exposure on diabetic and age-matched control rats. We found that testicular apoptosis and oxidative stress levels were significantly higher in T2DM rats than in control rats. In addition, glucose metabolism-related Akt and GSK-3β function was downregulated and Akt negative regulators PTP1B and TRB3 were upregulated in the T2DM group. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and catalase content were also found to be decreased in T2DM rats. These effects were partially prevented or reversed by repetitive LDR exposure. Nrf2 and its downstream genes NQO1, SOD, and catalase were significantly upregulated by repetitive exposure to LDR, suggesting that the reduction of T2DM-induced testicular apoptosis due to repetitive LDR exposure likely involves enhancement of testicular Akt-mediated glucose metabolism and anti-oxidative defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguang Zhao
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Chuipeng Kong
- The Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wan
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Lin Jia
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Qiuju Liu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yuehui Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Fujun Han
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Lu Cai
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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6
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Kabay S, Ozden H, Guven G, Burukoglu D, Ustuner MC, Topal F, Gunes HV, Ustuner D, Ozbayer C. Protective effects of the nuclear factor kappa B inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate on experimental testicular torsion and detorsion injury. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 18:321-6. [PMID: 25177164 PMCID: PMC4146634 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.4.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Testicular torsion results with the damage of the testis and it is a surgical emergency. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) is a low-molecular-weight antioxidant and potent inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of PDTC to testicular torsion-detorsion (T/D) injury. Forty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into four groups. A sham operation was performed in group I. In group II, torsion is performed 2 hours by 720 degree extravaginally testis. In group III, 4 h reperfusion of the testis was performed after 2 h of testicular torsion. In group IV, after performing the same surgical procedures as in group III, PDTC (100 mg/kg, intravenous's) was administered before 30 min of detorsion. The testes tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) catalase (CAT) level was evaluated. Histological evaluations were performed after hematoxylin and eosin staining. Testicular tissue MDA levels were the highest in the T/D groups compared with treatment group. Administration of PDTC prevented a further increase in MDA levels. Significant decrease occurred in CAT and SOD levels in treatment group compared with the control group. The rats in the treatment group had normal testicular architecture. The results suggest that PDTC can be a potential protective agent for preventing the biochemical and histological changes related to oxidative stress in testicular injury caused by testis torsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahin Kabay
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Dumlupınar University, Kütahya 43100, Turkey
| | - Hilmi Ozden
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir 26100, Turkey
| | - Gul Guven
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir 26100, Turkey
| | - Dilek Burukoglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir 26100, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Cengiz Ustuner
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir 26100, Turkey
| | - Fatma Topal
- Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Vocational School Health Services, Bilecik 11100, Turkey
| | - Hasan Veysi Gunes
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir 26100, Turkey
| | - Derya Ustuner
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Vocational School Health Services, Eskisehir 26100, Turkey
| | - Cansu Ozbayer
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir 26100, Turkey
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Wang Y, Zhang Z, Guo W, Sun W, Miao X, Wu H, Cong X, Wintergerst KA, Kong X, Cai L. Sulforaphane reduction of testicular apoptotic cell death in diabetic mice is associated with the upregulation of Nrf2 expression and function. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 307:E14-23. [PMID: 24801392 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00702.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes-induced testicular cell death is due predominantly to oxidative stress. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is an important transcription factor in controlling the antioxidative system and is inducible by sulforaphane (SFN). To test whether SFN prevents diabetes-induced testicular cell death, an insulin-defective stage of type 2 diabetes (IDS-T2DM) was induced in mice. This was accomplished by feeding them a high-fat diet (HFD) for 3 mo to induce insulin resistance and then giving one intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to induce hyperglycemia while age-matched control mice were fed a normal diet (ND). IDS-T2DM and ND-fed control mice were then further subdivided into those with or without 4-mo SFN treatment. IDS-T2DM induced significant increases in testicular cell death presumably through receptor and mitochondrial pathways, shown by increased ratio of Bax/Bcl2 expression and cleavage of caspase-3 and caspase-8 without significant change of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Diabetes also significantly increased testicular oxidative damage and inflammation. All of these diabetic effects were significantly prevented by SFN treatment with upregulated Nrf2 expression. These results suggest that IDS-T2DM induces testicular cell death presumably through caspase-8 activation and mitochondria-mediated cell death pathways and also by significantly downregulating testicular Nrf2 expression and function. SFN upregulates testicular Nrf2 expression and its target antioxidant expression, which was associated with significant protection of the testis from IDS-T2DM-induced germ cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Wang
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weiying Guo
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weixia Sun
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Miao
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xianling Cong
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kupper A Wintergerst
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, University of Louisville, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, Kosair Children's Hospital, Louisville, Kentucky; and
| | - Xiangbo Kong
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China;
| | - Lu Cai
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; Departments of Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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Zhao Y, Zhao H, Zhai X, Dai J, Jiang X, Wang G, Li W, Cai L. Effects of Zn deficiency, antioxidants, and low-dose radiation on diabetic oxidative damage and cell death in the testis. Toxicol Mech Methods 2013; 23:42-7. [PMID: 22992206 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2012.731437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Infertility is one of the common complications in diabetic men and mainly due to the loss of germ cells by apoptotic cell death. Although several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the induction of testicular cell death by diabetes, diabetic induction of testicular oxidative stress and damage may be the predominant mechanism responsible for the testicular cell death in diabetes. To explore whether factors that either increase or decrease the testicular oxidative stress and damage will enhance or prevent diabetes-induced testicular cell death, the effect of zinc (Zn) deficiency on diabetes-induced cell death has been examined since Zn was found to play an important role in the protection of testis from oxidative stress and damage. Zn deficiency, induced by its chelator N,N,N,N-Tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,2-ethylenediamine, was found to exacerbate diabetes-induced testicular oxidative damage and cell death. In contrast, treatment of diabetic rats with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine or low-dose radiation that can up-regulate endogenous antioxidants significantly attenuated diabetes-induced testicular cell death. These results suggest that diabetes-induced testicular cell death that may eventually cause men's infertility is predominantly mediated by the oxidative stress and damage. To prevent or delay diabetes-caused infertility, diabetic patients should avoid Zn deficiency, and might consider antioxidant supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguang Zhao
- Cancer Center at the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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The hypoxic testicle: physiology and pathophysiology. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:929285. [PMID: 23056665 PMCID: PMC3465913 DOI: 10.1155/2012/929285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian spermatogenesis is a complex biological process occurring in the seminiferous tubules in the testis. This process represents a delicate balance between cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In most mammals, the testicles are kept in the scrotum 2 to 7°C below body core temperature, and the spermatogenic process proceeds with a blood and oxygen supply that is fairly independent of changes in other vascular beds in the body. Despite this apparently well-controlled local environment, pathologies such as varicocele or testicular torsion and environmental exposure to low oxygen (hypoxia) can result in changes in blood flow, nutrients, and oxygen supply along with an increased local temperature that may induce adverse effects on Leydig cell function and spermatogenesis. These conditions may lead to male subfertility or infertility. Our literature analyses and our own results suggest that conditions such as germ cell apoptosis and DNA damage are common features in hypoxia and varicocele and testicular torsion. Furthermore, oxidative damage seems to be present in these conditions during the initiation stages of germ cell damage and apoptosis. Other mechanisms like membrane-bound metalloproteinases and phospholipase A2 activation could also be part of the pathophysiological consequences of testicular hypoxia.
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Zhao Y, Tan Y, Dai J, Li B, Guo L, Cui J, Wang G, Shi X, Zhang X, Mellen N, Li W, Cai L. Exacerbation of diabetes-induced testicular apoptosis by zinc deficiency is most likely associated with oxidative stress, p38 MAPK activation, and p53 activation in mice. Toxicol Lett 2010; 200:100-6. [PMID: 21078376 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Since diabetes induces testicular oxidative damage and cell death, and zinc (Zn) plays an important role in the spermatogenesis, the objective of the present study was to define the effects of Zn deficiency on diabetes-induced testicular apoptosis and associated mechanisms. Zn deficiency was induced by chronic treatment of normal and diabetic mice with N,N,N',N'-tetrakis (2-pyridylemethyl) ethylenediamine (TPEN) chelation. After diabetes onset, mice were given intraperitoneally TPEN at 5mg/kg daily for four months, which, like diabetes, induced a significant decrease in testicular Zn level. TUNEL staining revealed that testicular apoptosis was significantly increased along with an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, in diabetic mice and TPEN-treated normal mice. Zn deficiency significantly exacerbated diabetes-induced testicular apoptosis, along with significantly increased oxidative and nitrosative damage and down-regulation of antioxidant Nrf2 expression. Increased oxidative stress was associated with an increase in activation of p38 MAPK and p53 protein in diabetic testis, which was worsened in the testes of diabetic mice with Zn deficiency. Diabetes also induced a significant increase in endoplasmic reticulum stress and associated cell death, which was not affected by Zn deficiency. These results suggest that like diabetes, chronic depletion of Zn with TPEN induces testicular oxidative stress and damage, along with the activation of p38 MAPK and p53 signaling and mitochondria-related apoptotic cell death. Therefore, prevention of Zn deficiency for diabetic patients is important in order to avoid the exacerbation of diabetic effects on testicular cells death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguang Zhao
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
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Yang S, Shih HJ, Chow YC, Wang TY, Tsai PS, Huang CJ. Simvastatin Attenuates Testicular Injury Induced by Torsion-Detorsion. J Urol 2010; 184:750-6. [PMID: 20639051 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2010.03.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stone Yang
- Department of Urology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Mackay Medicine, Management and Nursing College, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hung-Jen Shih
- Department of Urology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yung-Chiong Chow
- Department of Urology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tao-Yeuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pei-Shan Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Jen Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei Branch, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
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