Use of cutaneous flap for continent cystostomy (daoud technique)

Bedside ultrasound-guided percutaneous cystostomy in an infant in the neonatal intensive care unit

We describe a case of an infant born at 39 weeks of gestation who was in the neonatal intensive care unit for postoperative management of congenital heart disease and underwent bedside ultrasound-guided percutaneous cystostomy to treat an iatrogenic urethral injury. The procedure was uneventful, successful, and no complications were noted. This case demonstrates that this procedure is safe and minimally invasive. Indications, contraindications, techniques, potential complications, and the safety of performing this procedure in a bedside setting are discussed.

A neosphincter for continent urinary catheterizable channels made from rectus abdominal muscle (Yachia principle): preliminary clinical experience in children

PURPOSE

We investigated continence outcomes for patients undergoing primary or redo reconstruction of a urinary catheterizable reservoir involving the Yachia technique of intersecting two rectus abdominis strips over the outlet channel.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A retrospective evaluation of 22 consecutive patients operated from March 2009 to August 2010 was performed, consisting of 16 primary reconstructions (Macedo catheterizable ileal reservoirs) and 6 rescue cases for leaking stomas. Our data comprised 18 spina bifida patients, 1 sacral agenesis, 1 posterior urethral valves and 1 genitourinary tuberculosis. Mean age at surgery was 8.5 years (3-21 years). We evaluated continence at 3, 6, 12 months, and at the last follow-up based on data from urinary charts.

RESULTS

Mean follow-up was 21.1 months (12-29 months). Overall continence was 100% for the primary cases and 66% for the redos (2/6 failed). Three patients had initial difficulty in performing clean intermittent catheterization but this resolved with time and experience.

CONCLUSION

Using Yachia's technique has improved the continence rate of our catheterizable reservoirs and was partially successful for suprafascial revision of incontinent conduits.

Ten years' minimum follow-up with the ileal continent catheterizable reservoir: a test of time

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate long-term efficacy of an original technique of catheterizable ileal reservoir designed for bladder augmentation and/or substitution, precluding the need to use a Yang-Monti channel or appendix.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Our series comprised 19 patients, operated in 1998-2000, with a mean age of 10.1 years (1.6-30). Two were excluded from analysis because lost to follow-up after 1.5 and 7 years of surveillance. The primary disease was posterior urethral valves (9), myelomeningocele (4), anorectal malformation (1), rhabdomyosarcoma (1), medullary astrocytoma (1) and urethral stricture (1). Surgery consisted of creating a continent catheterizable ileum-based reservoir from a 35-cm ileum segment.

RESULTS

Mean follow-up was 11.2 years (10-12.4). All 16 patients eligible for final evaluation of the procedure were continent, excluding two lost of follow-up and one that underwent undiversion. Complications noted were: stomal stenosis (3), leakage associated with false passage (1) and false passage (1). One patient underwent a Bricker undiversion procedure, an appendicovesicostomy was performed in 2, and 1 patient received a Monti channel to replace the outlet conduit. The overall complication rate was 29.4% (5/17).

CONCLUSION

We have confirmed the long-term efficacy of the technique. The results are comparable to other 'gold standard' treatments, with the advantage of being simpler, faster and sparing the appendix for other uses (Malone antegrade continent enema), as well as precluding the need to create a Monti channel.

An alternative channel for the Mitrofanoff principle based on transverse skin flaps: an extraperitoneal minimal invasive approach (the RPM technique)

OBJECTIVE

The Mitrofanoff principle is a well established strategy in pediatric urology, with the appendix and Yang-Monti tube being the most used channels. The search for an alternative tube with less morbidity is justified. Hence, we present a patient treated via an alternative approach in which the channel was constructed from two lower abdominal transverse skin flaps (the RPM technique).

METHODS

A 17-year-old patient with posterior urethral valves, hypocontractile bladder and experiencing pain on urethral clean intermittent catheterization was selected. The procedure consisted of defining two rectangular transverse skin flaps of 5 × 1 cm opposite to each other. The flaps were rotated 90° and anastomosed to create a tube. A small extraperitoneal bladder wall incision was performed and the tube was connected to the bladder. Two rectal abdomen muscle strips were crossed in the midline as a neosphincter.

RESULTS

The patient had an uneventful postoperative course and remains continent for intervals of 4 h. The stoma and incision have a good cosmetic aspect at 16 months follow-up.

CONCLUSION

The RPM technique is an alternative approach for a minimal invasive strategy according to the Mitrofanoff principle. Long-term follow-up is necessary to confirm the excellent initial results.

Neurogenic bladder

Congenital anomalies such as meningomyelocele and diseases/damage of the central, peripheral, or autonomic nervous systems may produce neurogenic bladder dysfunction, which untreated can result in progressive renal damage, adverse physical effects including decubiti and urinary tract infections, and psychological and social sequelae related to urinary incontinence. A comprehensive bladder-retraining program that incorporates appropriate education, training, medication, and surgical interventions can mitigate the adverse consequences of neurogenic bladder dysfunction and improve both quantity and quality of life. The goals of bladder retraining for neurogenic bladder dysfunction are prevention of urinary incontinence, urinary tract infections, detrusor overdistension, and progressive upper urinary tract damage due to chronic, excessive detrusor pressures. Understanding the physiology and pathophysiology of micturition is essential to select appropriate pharmacologic and surgical interventions to achieve these goals. Future perspectives on potential pharmacological, surgical, and regenerative medicine options for treating neurogenic bladder dysfunction are also presented.