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Chakrabarty B, Lee S, Exintaris B. Generation and Regulation of Spontaneous Contractions in the Prostate. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1124:195-215. [PMID: 31183828 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-5895-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous myogenic contractions have been shown to be significantly upregulated in prostate tissue collected from men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), an extremely common disorder of the ageing male. Although originally thought likely to be involved in 'housekeeping' functions, mixing prostatic secretions to prevent stagnation, these spontaneous myogenic contractions provide a novel opportunity to understand and treat BPH. This treatment potential differs from previous models, which focused exclusively on attenuating nerve-mediated neurogenic contractions. Previous studies in the rodent prostate have provided an insight into the mechanisms underlying the regulation of myogenic contractions. 'Prostatic Interstitial Cells' (PICs) within the prostate appear to generate pacemaker potentials, which arise from the summation of number of spontaneous transient depolarisations triggered by the spontaneous release of Ca2+ from internal stores and the opening of Ca2+-activated Cl- channels. Pacemaker potentials then conduct into neighbouring smooth muscle cells to generate spontaneous slow waves. These slow waves trigger the firing of 'spike-like' action potentials, Ca2+ entry and contraction, which are not attenuated by blockers of neurotransmission. However, these spontaneous prostatic contractions can be modulated by the autonomic nervous system. Here, we discuss the mechanisms underlying rodent and human prostate myogenic contractions and the actions of existing and novel pharmacotherapies for the treatment of BPH. Understanding the generation of human prostatic smooth muscle tone will confirm the mechanism of action of existing drugs, inform the identification and effectiveness of new pharmacotherapies, as well as predict patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basu Chakrabarty
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sophie Lee
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Betty Exintaris
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Recently discovered interstitial cells termed telocytes: distinguishing cell-biological and histological facts from fictions. Biologia (Bratisl) 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-018-0162-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kügler R, Mietens A, Seidensticker M, Tasch S, Wagenlehner FM, Kaschtanow A, Tjahjono Y, Tomczyk CU, Beyer D, Risbridger GP, Exintaris B, Ellem SJ, Middendorff R. Novel imaging of the prostate reveals spontaneous gland contraction and excretory duct quiescence together with different drug effects. FASEB J 2018; 32:1130-1138. [PMID: 29089445 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700430r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Prostate carcinoma and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) with associated lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are among the most prevalent and clinically relevant diseases in men. BPH is characterized by an enlargement of prostate tissue associated with increased tone of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) which surround the single glands composing the prostate. Secretions of the glands leave the prostate through local excretory ducts during the emission phase of ejaculation. Pharmacological treatment of BPH suggests different local drug targets based on reduction of prostate smooth muscle tone as the main effect and disturbed ejaculation as a common side effect. This highlights the need for detailed investigation of single prostate glands and ducts. We combined structural and functional imaging techniques-notably, clear lipid-exchanged, acrylamide-hybridized rigid imaging/immunostaining/ in situ hybridization-compatible tissue-hydrogel (CLARITY) and time-lapse imaging-and defined glands and ducts as distinct SMC compartments in human and rat prostate tissue. The single glands of the prostate (comprising the secretory part) are characterized by spontaneous contractions mediated by the surrounding SMCs, whereas the ducts (excretory part) are quiescent. In both SMC compartments, phosphodiesterase (PDE)-5 is expressed. PDE5 inhibitors have recently emerged as alternative treatment options for BPH. We directly visualized that the PDE5 inhibitors sildenafil and tadalafil act by reducing spontaneous contractility of the glands, thereby reducing the muscle tone of the organ. In contrast, the ductal (excretory) system and thus the prostate's contribution to ejaculation is unaffected by PDE5 inhibitors. Our differentiated imaging approach reveals new details about prostate function and local drug actions and thus may support clinical management of BPH.-Kügler, R., Mietens, A., Seidensticker, M., Tasch, S., Wagenlehner, F. M., Kaschtanow, A., Tjahjono, Y., Tomczyk, C. U., Beyer, D., Risbridger, G. P., Exintaris, B., Ellem, S. J., Middendorff, R. Novel imaging of the prostate reveals spontaneous gland contraction and excretory duct quiescence together with different drug effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Kügler
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andrea Mietens
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mathias Seidensticker
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabine Tasch
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Florian M Wagenlehner
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology, and Andrology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andre Kaschtanow
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Yudy Tjahjono
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Claudia U Tomczyk
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Daniela Beyer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gail P Risbridger
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Betty Exintaris
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stuart J Ellem
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Ralf Middendorff
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Uterine peristalsis and fertility: current knowledge and future perspectives: a review and meta-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online 2017; 35:50-71. [PMID: 28456372 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although uterine contractions in the non-pregnant uterus have been studied extensively, the knowledge gained has not been used in general fertility treatment work-up. In this review paper, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on uterine peristalsis (UP), based on the available literature. This literature shows that UP influences pregnancy chances in both natural and artificial cycles. Although the physiological background of these contractions is not completely clear, we know that several factors can be of influence, like uterine pathologies and hormones. Several options to alter pregnancy outcome by interfering with uterine contractions have been studied. Our meta-analysis on therapeutic options shows positive results of progesterone at time of embryo transfer in IVF cycles or prostaglandins at time of intrauterine insemination, although the quality of evidence is low. These therapies are probably most beneficial in selected groups of patients with abnormal contraction patterns. The introduction of an objective and user-friendly UP measuring tool suitable for use in daily practice would make it possible to identify and monitor these patients. We suggest that future research should focus on the physiology of initiation of UP and on the development of an effective standard measuring tool.
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Banciu DD, Banciu A, Radu BM. Electrophysiological Features of Telocytes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 913:287-302. [PMID: 27796895 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-1061-3_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) are interstitial cells described in multiple structures, including the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, urinary tract, uterus, and heart. Several studies have indicated the possibility that TCs are involved in the pacemaker potential in these organs. It is supposed that TCs are interacting with the neighboring muscular cells and their network contributes to the initiation and propagation of the electrical potentials. In order to understand the contribution of TCs to various excitability mechanisms, it is necessary to analyze the plasma membrane proteins (e.g., ion channels) functionally expressed in these cells. So far, potassium, calcium, and chloride currents, but not sodium currents, have been described in TCs in primary cell culture from different tissues. Moreover, TCs have been described as sensors for mechanical stimuli (e.g., contraction, extension, etc.). In conclusion, TCs might play an essential role in gastrointestinal peristalsis, in respiration, in pregnant uterus contraction, or in miction, but further highlighting studies are necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms and the cell-cell interactions by which TCs contribute to the tissue excitability and pacemaker potentials initiation/propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Dumitru Banciu
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, Bucharest, 050095, Romania
| | - Adela Banciu
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, Bucharest, 050095, Romania
| | - Beatrice Mihaela Radu
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, Bucharest, 050095, Romania. .,Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, Verona, 37134, Italy.
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Canda AE, Dogan H, Kandemir O, Atmaca AF, Akbulut Z, Balbay MD. Does diabetes affect the distribution and number of interstitial cells and neuronal tissue in the ureter, bladder, prostate, and urethra of humans? Cent European J Urol 2014; 67:366-74. [PMID: 25667756 PMCID: PMC4310884 DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2014.04.art10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the distribution and number of interstitial cells (ICs) and neuronal tissue in the ureter, bladder, prostate, and urethra of human patients with and without diabetes. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human tissue was obtained from patients who had undergone radical cystectomy for bladder cancer (10 diabetic and 11 non-diabetic males). Interstitial cells were stained immunohistochemically with anti-human CD117 (c-kit) rabbit polyclonal antibody, Vimentin, and Connexin-43. Neural tissue was stained with synaptophysin. The number of ICs and neurons was evaluated and compared between the groups (diabetic versus non-diabetic). RESULTS The mean number of c-kit (+) ICs in bladder lamina propria was significantly decreased in diabetics (32.40 ±12.96 versus 57.18 ±25.37, p = 0.036). The mean number of ICs in the detrusor muscle was significantly decreased in diabetics (40.50 ±16.79 versus 64.55 ±22.08, p = 0.013). Between the groups, no significant differences were detected regarding the number of ICs at the level of the ureter, urethra, and prostate. No significant differences were detected regarding the number of nerves in the ureter, bladder, prostate, and urethra of both groups. CONCLUSIONS The number of ICs may be decreased in the lamina propria and detrusor muscle of the human bladder in diabetes. This can be an underlying cause of lower urinary tract (LUT) dysfunction in diabetics. Research into the development of drugs targeting or stimulating IC function in order to prevent diabetic LUT dysfunction is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Erdem Canda
- Yildirim Beyazit University, School of Medicine, Ankara Ataturk Training & Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hayriye Dogan
- Ankara Ataturk Training & Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Olcay Kandemir
- Ankara Oncology Training & Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Fuat Atmaca
- Yildirim Beyazit University, School of Medicine, Ankara Ataturk Training & Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ziya Akbulut
- Yildirim Beyazit University, School of Medicine, Ankara Ataturk Training & Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Ankara, Turkey
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Calcium signalling in Cajal-like interstitial cells of the lower urinary tract. Nat Rev Urol 2014; 11:555-64. [PMID: 25224445 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2014.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) serve several critical physiological roles in visceral smooth muscle organs, including acting as electrical pacemakers to modulate phasic contractile activity and as intermediaries in motor neurotransmission. The major roles of ICC have been described in the gastrointestinal tract, however, ICC-like cells (ICC-LC) can also be found in other visceral organs, including those of the lower urinary tract (LUT), where they provide similar functions, acting as electrical pacemakers and as intermediary cells involved in the modulation of neurotransmission to adjacent smooth muscle cells. The physiological functions of ICC-LC, in particular their role as pacemakers, relies on their ability to generate transient and propagating intracellular Ca(2+) events. The role of ICC-LC as pacemakers and neuromodulators in the LUT is increasingly apparent and the study of their intracellular Ca(2+) dynamics will provide a better understanding of their role in LUT excitability.
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Sanders KM, Ward SM, Koh SD. Interstitial cells: regulators of smooth muscle function. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:859-907. [PMID: 24987007 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00037.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Smooth muscles are complex tissues containing a variety of cells in addition to muscle cells. Interstitial cells of mesenchymal origin interact with and form electrical connectivity with smooth muscle cells in many organs, and these cells provide important regulatory functions. For example, in the gastrointestinal tract, interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and PDGFRα(+) cells have been described, in detail, and represent distinct classes of cells with unique ultrastructure, molecular phenotypes, and functions. Smooth muscle cells are electrically coupled to ICC and PDGFRα(+) cells, forming an integrated unit called the SIP syncytium. SIP cells express a variety of receptors and ion channels, and conductance changes in any type of SIP cell affect the excitability and responses of the syncytium. SIP cells are known to provide pacemaker activity, propagation pathways for slow waves, transduction of inputs from motor neurons, and mechanosensitivity. Loss of interstitial cells has been associated with motor disorders of the gut. Interstitial cells are also found in a variety of other smooth muscles; however, in most cases, the physiological and pathophysiological roles for these cells have not been clearly defined. This review describes structural, functional, and molecular features of interstitial cells and discusses their contributions in determining the behaviors of smooth muscle tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenton M Sanders
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada
| | - Sean M Ward
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada
| | - Sang Don Koh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada
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Involvement of Rho-Kinase Signaling Pathways in Nerve Evoked and Spontaneous Contractions of the Guinea Pig Prostate. J Urol 2013; 189:1147-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wang JP, Ding GF, Wang QZ. Interstitial cells of Cajal mediate excitatory sympathetic neurotransmission in guinea pig prostate. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 352:479-86. [PMID: 23411811 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1572-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Morphological and functional studies have confirmed that interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are involved in many enteric motor neurotransmission pathways. Recent investigations have demonstrated that human and guinea pig prostate glands possess a distinct cell type with morphological and immunological similarities to ICCs. These prostate ICCs have a close relationship with nerve bundles and smooth muscle cells. Prostate smooth muscle tone is largely induced by stimulation from the sympathetic nervous system, which releases excitatory norepinephrine (NE) to act on the α1-adrenoceptor. We have performed morphological and functional experiments to determine the role of ICCs in sympathetic neurotransmission in the guinea pig prostate based on the hypothesis that prostate ICCs act as mediators of sympathetic neurotransmission. Immunohistochemistry revealed many close points of contact between ICCs and sympathetic nerve bundles and smooth muscle cells. Double-labeled sections revealed that α1-adrenoceptor and the gap junction protein connexin 43 were expressed in prostate ICCs. Surprisingly, prostate ICCs co-expressed tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine β-hydroxylase, two markers of sympathetic neurons. Functionally, the application of NE evoked a large single inward current in isolated prostate ICCs in a dose-dependent manner. The inward current evoked by NE was mediated via the activation of α1-adrenoceptors, because it was abolished by the non-specific α-adrenoceptor antagonist, phentolamine and the specific α1-adrenoceptor antagonist, prazosin. Thus, ICCs in the guinea pig prostate are target cells for prostate sympathetic nerves and possess the morphological and functional characteristics required to mediate sympathetic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-ping Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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