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Dai C, Ganesan V, Zabell J, Nyame YA, Almassi N, Greene DJ, Hettel D, Reichard C, Haywood SC, Arora H, Zampini A, Crane A, Li J, Elshafei A, Magi-Galluzzi C, Stein RJ, Fareed K, Gong M, Jones JS, Klein EA, Stephenson AJ. Impact of 5α-Reductase Inhibitors on Disease Reclassification among Men on Active Surveillance for Localized Prostate Cancer with Favorable Features. J Urol 2018; 199:445-452. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Dai
- Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Vishnu Ganesan
- Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Joseph Zabell
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yaw A. Nyame
- Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nima Almassi
- Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Daniel J. Greene
- Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Daniel Hettel
- Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Chad Reichard
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Samuel C. Haywood
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Hans Arora
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Anna Zampini
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Alice Crane
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jianbo Li
- Quantitative Health Services, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ahmed Elshafei
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Urology Department, Al Kasr Al Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Cristina Magi-Galluzzi
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Robert J. Stein
- Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Khaled Fareed
- Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Michael Gong
- Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - J. Stephen Jones
- Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Eric A. Klein
- Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Andrew J. Stephenson
- Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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Preventing clinical progression and need for treatment in patients on active surveillance for prostate cancer. Curr Opin Urol 2017; 28:46-54. [PMID: 29028765 DOI: 10.1097/mou.0000000000000455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Active surveillance is an established treatment option for men with localized, low-risk prostate cancer (CaP). It entails the postponement of immediate therapy with the option of delayed intervention upon disease progression. The rate of clinical progression and need for treatment on active surveillance is approximately 50% over 15 years. The present review summarizes recent data on current methods, attempting to prevent clinical progression. RECENT FINDINGS Patient selection for active surveillance is the first mandatory step required to lower progression. Adherence to active surveillance protocols is critical in making sure patients are monitored well and treated early when progression occurs. Before active surveillance allocation and during active surveillance follow-up, methods involving multiparametric MRI, prostate specific antigen derivatives, biopsy factors, urinary, tissue and genetic markers can be used to prevent clinical progression and/or identify those at risk for progression. Medications such as 5α-reductase inhibitors and others might inhibit disease progression in patients on active surveillance. SUMMARY Active surveillance is required because of overdiagnosis, along with our inability to accurately predict individual CaP behavior. Several methods can potentially reduce the risk of CaP progression in patients with active surveillance. However, a measure of uncertainty and fear of progression will always accompany patients with active surveillance and the physicians treating them.
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Qi L, Lu Z, Sun YH, Song HT, Xu WK. TRIM16 suppresses the progression of prostate tumors by inhibiting the Snail signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1734-1742. [PMID: 27748839 PMCID: PMC5117739 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate carcinoma is a devastating disease which is characterized by insidious early symptoms, rapid progression and a poor prognosis. Tripartite motif-containing protein 16 (TRIM16) was identified as an estrogen- and antiestrogen-regulated gene in epithelial cells stably expressing estrogen receptors. The protein encoded by this gene contains two B-box domains and a coiled-coiled region that are characteristic of the B-box zinc finger protein family. Proteins belonging to this family have been reported to be involved in a variety of biological processes including cell growth, differentiation and pathogenesis. TRIM16 expression has been detected in most tissues. However, the funtions of this gene remain to be elucidated. In the present study, immunohistochemical staining revealed that the expression of TRIM16 was decreased in prostate adenocarcinoma compared with that in normal prostate tissues. The patients with high TRIM16-expressing tumors had a significantly greater survival than those with low TRIM16-expressing tumors. Western blot analysis showed that TRIM16 was downregulated in distant metastatic cancer tissues compared with that in non-distant metastatic cancer tissues. The overexpression of TRIM16 inhibited the migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells as well as inhibiting the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition process, whereas TRIM16 depletion enhanced these processes. Moreover, TRIM16 inhibited the Snail signaling pathway. The silencing of Snail by small interfering RNA was performed in order to determine the role of Snail in the TRIM16-mediated tumor phenotype. Taken together, these findings suggest that TRIM16 may be an important molecular target which may aid in the design of novel therapeutic agents for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qi
- Clinical College of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Lu
- Clinical College of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Hong Sun
- Clinical College of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Tao Song
- Clinical College of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Kang Xu
- Clinical College of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
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Moyad MA, Scholz MC. Short-term enzalutamide treatment for the potential remission of active surveillance or intermediate-risk prostate cancer: a case study, review, and the need for a clinical trial. Res Rep Urol 2014; 6:71-7. [PMID: 25157338 PMCID: PMC4106964 DOI: 10.2147/rru.s63136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Active surveillance (AS) is a widely recognized and utilized option by which prostate cancer patients with less aggressive tumors on diagnosis defer immediate traditional conventional therapy (surgery, radiation) and undergo close monitoring by a physician for any clinical or pathologic changes. The juxtaposition of low- to intermediate-risk elderly patients between effective and conventional treatment with associated risks and monitoring without the opportunity for relief of anxiety and other psychological problems can be significant. Minimal and safe treatment over 6 months with the hope of eliminating the existing disease is of significant interest to prostate cancer patients. Unfortunately, dietary supplements have failed to improve and have sometimes even contributed to disease progression. In addition, the use of multiple medications is not always appropriate or safe. In this case study, we administered low doses of enzalutamide (80 mg/day–120 mg/day) in an AS patient during a 6 month period. Results showed a significant reduction in tumor size, as evidenced by magnetic resonance imaging and color Doppler, as well as a an undetectable level of prostate specific antigen during, and immediately following treatment. The use of an oral second-generation androgen-receptor signaling inhibitor was shown to be of benefit to patients unwilling to pursue AS and conventional treatment. Administration of enzalutamide did not reduce testosterone levels, but helped maintain good quality of life, was more cost effective at low doses, and was previously shown to be heart healthy and efficacious during early stages of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Although we do not advocate enzalutamide as a treatment approach in these situations, we believe that a clinical trial to evaluate short-term low-dose treatment using enzalutamide is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Moyad
- Department of Urology, Jenkins/Pokempner Preventive and Complementary Medicine, University of Michigan Hospitals and Health Centers, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mark C Scholz
- Prostate Oncology Specialists, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
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