1
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Yuan L, Meng Y, Xiang J. KLF4 Induces Colorectal Cancer by Promoting EMT via STAT3 Activation. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:2841-2855. [PMID: 38816600 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-024-08473-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) has been demonstrated to exert a pro-carcinogenic effect in solid tissues. However, the precise biological function and underlying mechanisms in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains elucidated. AIMS To investigate whether KLF4 participates in the proliferation and invasion of CRC. METHODS The expression of KLF4 was investigated using immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. The clinical significance of KLF4 was evaluated. Furthermore, the effect of inhibiting or overexpressing KLF4 on tumor was examined. Immunoblotting and qPCR were used to detect Epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related proteins levels. Additionally, the molecular function of KLF4 is related to the STAT3 signaling pathway and was determined through JASPAR, GSEA analysis, and in vitro experiments. RESULTS KLF4 exhibits down-regulated expression in CRC and is part of the vessel invasion, TNM stage, and worse prognosis. In vitro studies have shown that KLF4 promotes cellular proliferation and invasion, as well as EMT processes. Xenograft tumor models confirmed the oncogenic role of KLF4 in nude mice. Furthermore, GSEA and JASPAR databases analysis reveal that the binding of KLF4 to the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) promoter site induces activation of p-STAT3 signaling. Subsequent targeting of STAT3 confirmed its pivotal role in mediating the oncogenic effects exerted by KLF4. CONCLUSION The study suggests that KLF4 activates STAT3 signaling, inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition, thereby promoting CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lebin Yuan
- Department of Nail and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Xiangyang Central Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang Center Hospital, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Yanqiu Meng
- Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiajia Xiang
- Molecular Centre Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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2
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Frazzi R. KLF4 is an epigenetically modulated, context-dependent tumor suppressor. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1392391. [PMID: 39135777 PMCID: PMC11317372 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1392391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The epigenetic layer of regulation has become increasingly relevant in the research focused on tumor suppressors. KLF4 is a well-described zinc-finger transcription factor, mainly known for its role in the acquisition of cell pluripotency. Here we report and describe the most relevant epigenetic regulation mechanisms that affect KLF4 expression in tumors. CpG island methylation emerges as the most common mechanism in several tumors including lung adenocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, non-Hodgkin lymphomas, among others. Further layers of regulation represented by histone methylation and acetylation and by non-coding RNAs are described. Overall, KLF4 emerges as a crucial target in the fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Frazzi
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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3
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Li K, Qi L, Tang G, Xu H, Li Z, Fan B, Li Z, Li Y. Epigenetic Regulation in Urothelial Carcinoma. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:85-97. [PMID: 36545729 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666221221094432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a common malignancy that remains a clinical challenge: Non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (NMIUC) has a high rate of recurrence and risk of progression, while muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (MIUC) has a high mortality. Although some new treatments, such as immunotherapies, have shown potential effects on some patients, most cases of advanced UC remain incurable. While treatments based on epigenetic mechanisms, whether combined with traditional platinum-based chemotherapy or emerging immunotherapy, show therapeutic advantages. With the advancement of sequencing and bioinformatics, the study of epigenomics, containing DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNA, is increasingly linked with the occurrence and progression of UC. Since the epigenetics of UC is a constantly developing field of medicine, this review aims to summarize the latest research on epigenetic regulation of UC, generalize the mechanism of epigenetics in UC, and reveal the potential epigenetic therapies in the clinical setting, in order to provide some new clues on the discovery of new drugs based on the epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guyu Tang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haozhe Xu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Fan
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongbei Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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4
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Ramal M, Corral S, Kalisz M, Lapi E, Real FX. The urothelial gene regulatory network: understanding biology to improve bladder cancer management. Oncogene 2024; 43:1-21. [PMID: 37996699 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02876-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The urothelium is a stratified epithelium composed of basal cells, one or more layers of intermediate cells, and an upper layer of differentiated umbrella cells. Most bladder cancers (BLCA) are urothelial carcinomas. Loss of urothelial lineage fidelity results in altered differentiation, highlighted by the taxonomic classification into basal and luminal tumors. There is a need to better understand the urothelial transcriptional networks. To systematically identify transcription factors (TFs) relevant for urothelial identity, we defined highly expressed TFs in normal human bladder using RNA-Seq data and inferred their genomic binding using ATAC-Seq data. To focus on epithelial TFs, we analyzed RNA-Seq data from patient-derived organoids recapitulating features of basal/luminal tumors. We classified TFs as "luminal-enriched", "basal-enriched" or "common" according to expression in organoids. We validated our classification by differential gene expression analysis in Luminal Papillary vs. Basal/Squamous tumors. Genomic analyses revealed well-known TFs associated with luminal (e.g., PPARG, GATA3, FOXA1) and basal (e.g., TP63, TFAP2) phenotypes and novel candidates to play a role in urothelial differentiation or BLCA (e.g., MECOM, TBX3). We also identified TF families (e.g., KLFs, AP1, circadian clock, sex hormone receptors) for which there is suggestive evidence of their involvement in urothelial differentiation and/or BLCA. Genomic alterations in these TFs are associated with BLCA. We uncover a TF network involved in urothelial cell identity and BLCA. We identify novel candidate TFs involved in differentiation and cancer that provide opportunities for a better understanding of the underlying biology and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ramal
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Corral
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mark Kalisz
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eleonora Lapi
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco X Real
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
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5
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He Z, He J, Xie K. KLF4 transcription factor in tumorigenesis. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:118. [PMID: 37031197 PMCID: PMC10082813 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01416-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like transcriptional factor is important in maintaining cellular functions. Deletion of Krüppel-like transcriptional factor usually causes abnormal embryonic development and even embryonic death. KLF4 is a prominent member of this family, and embryonic deletion of KLF4 leads to alterations in skin permeability and postnatal death. In addition to its important role in embryo development, it also plays a critical role in inflammation and malignancy. It has been investigated that KLF4 has a regulatory role in a variety of cancers, including lung, breast, prostate, colorectal, pancreatic, hepatocellular, ovarian, esophageal, bladder and brain cancer. However, the role of KLF4 in tumorigenesis is complex, which may link to its unique structure with both transcriptional activation and transcriptional repression domains, and to the regulation of its upstream and downstream signaling molecules. In this review, we will summarize the structural and functional aspects of KLF4, with a focus on KLF4 as a clinical biomarker and therapeutic target in different types of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong He
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The South China University of Technology Comprehensive Cancer Center, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Keping Xie
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- The South China University of Technology Comprehensive Cancer Center, Guangdong, China.
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6
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Stemness potency and structural characteristics of thyroid cancer cell lines. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 241:154262. [PMID: 36527836 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer is the most frequent type of endocrine malignancy. Thyroid carcinomas are derived from the follicular epithelium and classified as papillary (PTC) (85%), follicular (FTC) (12%), and anaplastic (ATC) (<3%). Thyroid cancer could arise from thyroid cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). CSCs are cancer cells that feature stem-like properties. Kruppel-like factor (KLF4) and Stage-spesific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA-1) are types of stem cell markers. Filamentous actin (F-actin) is an essential part of the cellular cytoskeleton. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stem cell potency and the spatial distribution of the cytoskeletal element F-actin in PTC, FTC, and ATC cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Normal thyroid cell line (NTC) Nthy-ori-3-1, PTC cell line BCPAP, FTC cell line FTC-133 and ATC cell line 8505c were stained with SSEA-1 and KLF4 for stem cell potency and F-actin for cytoskeleton. The morphological properties of cells were assessed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and elemental ratios were compared with EDS. RESULTS PTCs had greater percentages of SSEA-1 and KLF4 protein intensity (0.32% and 0.49%, respectively) than NTCs. ATCs had a greater proportion of KLF4 expression (0.8%) than NTCs. NTCs and FTCs had increased F-actin intensity across the cell, but PTCs had the lowest among these four cell lines. NTCs and PTCs, as well as NTCs and FTCs, have statistically identical aspect ratios and round values. These values, however, were statistically different in ATCs. CONCLUSION The study of stem cell markers and the cytoskeletal element F-actin in cancer and normal thyroid cell lines may assist in the identification of new therapeutic targets and contribute in the understanding of treatment resistance mechanisms.
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DUB3/KLF4 combats tumor growth and chemoresistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:166. [PMID: 35383144 PMCID: PMC8983766 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00988-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role of deubiquitinating enzyme 3 (DUB3) in the regulation of Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Gain- and loss-of-function assay, luciferase reporter assay, co-immunoprecipitation, and intracellular and extracellular deubiquitination assays were conducted in vitro. A tumor xenograft mouse model was established. The expression of DUB3 and KLF4 was examined in HCC patient specimens. The results showed that DUB3 upregulated KLF4 expression by deubiquitinating and stabilizing KLF4 protein in HCC cells through binding with KLF4. DUB3 inhibited HCC cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo while enhancing the chemosensitivity of HCC cells in a KLF4-dependent manner. Furthermore, KLF4 promoted DUB3 transcription by binding to the DUB3 promoter. In HCC patients, DUB3 expression positively correlated with KLF4 expression in HCC tissues. Low DUB3 expression predicted worse overall survival and recurrence in HCC patients. In conclusion, this study revealed a positive DUB3/KLF4 feedback loop that inhibits tumor growth and chemoresistance in HCC. These results suggest that DUB3/KLF4 activation might be a potential therapeutic approach for HCC treatment.
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8
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Zoqlam R, Lazauskaite S, Glickman S, Zaitseva L, Ilie PC, Qi S. Emerging molecular mechanisms and genetic targets for developing novel therapeutic strategies for treating bladder diseases. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 173:106167. [PMID: 35304859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Bladder diseases affect millions of patients worldwide and compromise their quality of life with a substantial economic impact. The not fully understood aetiologies of bladder diseases limit the current diagnosis and therapeutic options to primarily symptomatic treatment. In addition, bladder targeted drug delivery is challenging due to its unique anatomical features and its natural physiological function of urine storage and frequent voiding. Therefore, current treatment options often fail to provide a highly effective, precisely targeted and long-lasting treatment. With the growing maturity of gene therapy, comprehensive studies are needed to provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning bladder diseases and help to identify novel gene therapeutic targets and biomarkers for treating bladder diseases. In this review, molecular mechanisms involved in pathology of bladder cancer, interstitial cystitis and overactive bladder syndrome are reviewed, with focus on establishing potential novel treatment options. Proposed novel therapies, including gene therapy combined with nanotechnology, localised drug delivery by nanoparticles, and probiotics, are discussed in regard to their safety profiles, efficacy, treatment lenght, precise targeting, and in comparison to conventional treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randa Zoqlam
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Lazauskaite
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Petre-Cristian Ilie
- The Queen Elizabeth Hospital King's Lynn NHS Foundation Trust, King's Lynn PE30 4ET, United Kingdom
| | - Sheng Qi
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.
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9
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Luo X, Zhang Y, Meng Y, Ji M, Wang Y. Prognostic significance of KLF4 in solid tumours: an updated meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:181. [PMID: 35177016 PMCID: PMC8851789 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09198-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a zinc finger-containing transcription factor predominantly expressed in terminally differentiated epithelial tissues. Many studies have shown that KLF4 has various mechanisms in different tumours; however, the prognostic role of KLF4 remains unclear. Methods and results We searched the relevant literature that evaluated the prognostic value of KLF4 in different cancers, and the original survival data were obtained from the text, tables or Kaplan–Meier curves for both comparative groups. Thirty studies were included in this meta-analysis, and a total of 10 malignant tumours were involved. The expression of KLF4 was not associated with the prognosis for overall survival (hazard ratio(HR)0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.65–1.13, P = 0.28), disease-free survival/recurrence-free survival/metastasis-free survival (HR 0.87, 95% CI: 0.52–1.44, P = 0.58) or disease-specific survival (HR 1.13, 95% CI: 0.44–2.87, P = 0.8). Conclusion This study showed that the expression of KLF4 was not related to the prognosis of the tumours that were included in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University. National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease. Beijing Digestive Disease Center. Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease., Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Fangshan District, Beijing, 102400, China
| | - Ying Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University. National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease. Beijing Digestive Disease Center. Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease., Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ming Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University. National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease. Beijing Digestive Disease Center. Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease., Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University. National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease. Beijing Digestive Disease Center. Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease., Beijing, 100050, China
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10
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Crabb SJ, Danson S, Catto JWF, Hussain S, Chan D, Dunkley D, Downs N, Marwood E, Day L, Saunders G, Light M, Whitehead A, Ellis D, Sarwar N, Enting D, Birtle A, Johnson B, Huddart R, Griffiths G. Phase I Trial of DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitor Guadecitabine Combined with Cisplatin and Gemcitabine for Solid Malignancies Including Urothelial Carcinoma (SPIRE). Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:1882-1892. [PMID: 33472913 PMCID: PMC7611191 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-3946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Preclinical data indicate that DNA methyltransferase inhibition will circumvent cisplatin resistance in various cancers. PATIENT AND METHODS SPIRE comprised a dose-escalation phase for incurable metastatic solid cancers, followed by a randomized dose expansion phase for neoadjuvant treatment of T2-4a N0 M0 bladder urothelial carcinoma. The primary objective was a recommended phase II dose (RP2D) for guadecitabine combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin. Treatment comprised 21-day gemcitabine and cisplatin cycles (cisplatin 70 mg/m2, i.v., day 8 and gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2, i.v., days 8 + 15). Guadecitabine was injected subcutaneously on days 1-5, within escalation phase cohorts, and to half of 20 patients in the expansion phase. Registration ID: ISRCTN 16332228. RESULTS Within the escalation phase, dose-limiting toxicities related predominantly to myelosuppression requiring G-CSF prophylaxis from cohort 2 (guadecitabine 20 mg/m2, days 1-5). The most common grade ≥3 adverse events in 17 patients in the dose-escalation phase were neutropenia (76.5%), thrombocytopenia (64.7%), leukopenia (29.4%), and anemia (29.4%). Addition of guadecitabine to gemcitabine and cisplatin in the expansion phase resulted in similar rates of severe hematologic adverse events, similar cisplatin dose intensity, but modestly reduced gemcitabine dose intensity. Radical treatment options after chemotherapy were not compromised. Pharmacodynamics evaluations indicated guadecitabine maximal target effect at the point of cisplatin administration. Pharmacokinetics were consistent with prior data. No treatment-related deaths occurred. CONCLUSIONS The guadecitabine RP2D was 20 mg/m2, days 1-5, in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin and required GCSF prophylaxis. Gene promoter methylation pharmacodynamics are optimal with this schedule. Addition of guadecitabine to gemcitabine and cisplatin was tolerable, despite some additional myelosuppression, and warrants further investigation to assess efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Crabb
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, United Kingdom.
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, England, United Kingdom
- Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Danson
- Sheffield Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Weston Park Hospital, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, United Kingdom
| | - James W F Catto
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, United Kingdom
| | - Syed Hussain
- Sheffield Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Weston Park Hospital, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, United Kingdom
| | - Danna Chan
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Pleasanton, California
| | - Denise Dunkley
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, United Kingdom
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, England, United Kingdom
- Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, United Kingdom
| | - Nichola Downs
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, United Kingdom
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, England, United Kingdom
| | - Ellice Marwood
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, United Kingdom
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, England, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Day
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, United Kingdom
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, England, United Kingdom
| | - Geoff Saunders
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, United Kingdom
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, England, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Light
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, United Kingdom
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, England, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Whitehead
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, United Kingdom
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, England, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Ellis
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, United Kingdom
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, England, United Kingdom
| | - Naveed Sarwar
- Department of Oncology, Charing Cross Hospital, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Enting
- Department of Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Birtle
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, England, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robert Huddart
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, England, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Griffiths
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, United Kingdom
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, England, United Kingdom
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11
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Cho JM, Moon KT, Lee HJ, Shin SC, Choi JD, Kang JY, Yoo TK. Nucleobindin 2 expression is an independent prognostic factor for bladder cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19597. [PMID: 32221080 PMCID: PMC7220399 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleobindin 2 (NUCB2) has been reported to play an important role in both tumorigenesis and cancer progression. This study aimed to examine the clinical significance of NUCB2 expression urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB).The expression level of NUCB2 and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters was analyzed in 225 UCB tissues by immunohistochemistry. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to investigate the correlation between NUCB2 expression and the prognosis of UCB patients. High NUCB2 expression of UCB patients significantly correlated with aggressive clinicopathological features. Patients with high NUCB2 had shorter overall survival and recurrence-free survival in Kaplan-Meier survival curve (P = .018 and P = .001, respectively).Our results show that high expression of NUCB2 associated with aggressive clinicopathological feature and predicted unfavorable prognosis in patients with UCB might serve as feasible biomarker for clinical outcome of UCB patients after surgery and potential therapeutic target in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Man Cho
- Department of Urology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyong Tae Moon
- Department of Urology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Jung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Cheol Shin
- Department of Urology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Duck Choi
- Department of Urology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Yoon Kang
- Department of Urology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tag Keun Yoo
- Department of Urology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Jiang Z, Zhang Y, Chen X, Wu P, Chen D. Long non-coding RNA LINC00673 silencing inhibits proliferation and drug resistance of prostate cancer cells via decreasing KLF4 promoter methylation. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:1878-1892. [PMID: 31881124 PMCID: PMC6991650 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the major causes of cancer‐related mortality in men across the world. Recently, long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and Kruppel‐like factor 4 (KLF4) have been reported to participate in the biology of multiple cancers including prostate cancer. Here, this study aimed to explore the possible role of LINC00673 in prostate cancer via KLF4 gene promoter methylation. Microarray‐based gene expression profiling of prostate cancer was employed to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs and genes, after which the expression of LINC00673 and KLF4 in prostate cancer tissues was determined using RT‐qPCR. Next, the relationship between LINC00673 and KLF4 was evaluated using in silico analysis. Further, the effect of LINC00673 and KLF4 on cell proliferation and drug resistance of transfected cells was examined with gain‐ and loss‐of‐function experimentation. It was found that LINC00673 was highly expressed, while KLF4 was poorly expressed in prostate cancer tissues. Additionally, LINC00673 could bind to KLF4 gene promoter region and recruit methyltransferase to the KLF4 gene promoter region. Moreover, LINC00673 silencing was demonstrated to reduce methylation of the KLF4 gene promoter to elevate the expression of KLF4, thus suppressing the proliferation and drug resistance of prostate cancer cells. In summary, LINC00673 silencing could drive demethylation of the KLF4 gene promoter and thus inhibit the proliferation and drug resistance of prostate cancer cells, suggesting that silencing of LINC00673 and elevation of KLF4 could serve as tumour suppressors in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenming Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Datong Hui and Tu Autonomous County, Xining, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pingeng Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Central Lab, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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13
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Repression of transcription factor AP-2 alpha by PPARγ reveals a novel transcriptional circuit in basal-squamous bladder cancer. Oncogenesis 2019; 8:69. [PMID: 31772149 PMCID: PMC6879593 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-019-0178-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of bladder cancer transcriptional subtypes provides an opportunity to identify high risk patients, and tailor disease management. Recent studies suggest tumor heterogeneity contributes to regional differences in molecular subtype within the tumor, as well as during progression and following treatment. Nonetheless, the transcriptional drivers of the aggressive basal-squamous subtype remain unidentified. As PPARɣ has been repeatedly implicated in the luminal subtype of bladder cancer, we hypothesized inactivation of this transcriptional master regulator during progression results in increased expression of basal-squamous specific transcription factors (TFs) which act to drive aggressive behavior. We initiated a pharmacologic and RNA-seq-based screen to identify PPARɣ-repressed, basal-squamous specific TFs. Hierarchical clustering of RNA-seq data following treatment of three human bladder cancer cells with a PPARɣ agonist identified a number of TFs regulated by PPARɣ activation, several of which are implicated in urothelial and squamous differentiation. One PPARɣ-repressed TF implicated in squamous differentiation identified is Transcription Factor Activating Protein 2 alpha (TFAP2A). We show TFAP2A and its paralog TFAP2C are overexpressed in basal-squamous bladder cancer and in squamous areas of cystectomy samples, and that overexpression is associated with increased lymph node metastasis and distant recurrence, respectively. Biochemical analysis confirmed the ability of PPARɣ activation to repress TFAP2A, while PPARɣ antagonist and PPARɣ siRNA knockdown studies indicate the requirement of a functional receptor. In vivo tissue recombination studies show TFAP2A and TFAP2C promote tumor growth in line with the aggressive nature of basal-squamous bladder cancer. Our findings suggest PPARɣ inactivation, as well as TFAP2A and TFAP2C overexpression cooperate with other TFs to promote the basal-squamous transition during tumor progression.
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14
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Inoue Y, Kishida T, Kotani SI, Akiyoshi M, Taga H, Seki M, Ukimura O, Mazda O. Direct conversion of fibroblasts into urothelial cells that may be recruited to regenerating mucosa of injured urinary bladder. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13850. [PMID: 31554870 PMCID: PMC6761134 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50388-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Urothelial cells play essential roles in protection of urine exudation and bacterial invasion at the urothelial mucosa, so that defect or damage of urothelial cells associated with urinary tract diseases may cause serious problems. If a sufficient number of functional urothelial cells are prepared in culture and transplanted into the damaged urothelial lesions, such technology may provide beneficial effects to patients with diseases of the urinary tract. Here we found that human adult dermal fibroblasts were converted into urothelial cells by transducing genes for four transcription factors, FOXA1, TP63, MYCL and KLF4 (FTLK). The directly converted urothelial cells (dUCs) formed cobblestone-like colonies and expressed urothelium-specific markers. dUCs were successfully expanded and enriched after serial passages using a specific medium that we optimized for the cells. The passaged dUCs showed similar genome-wide gene expression profiles to normal urothelial cells and had a barrier function. The FTLK-transduced fibroblasts were also converted into urothelial cells in vivo and recruited to the regenerating urothelial tissue after they were transplanted into the bladder of mice with interstitial cystitis. Our technology may provide a promising solution for a number of patients with urinary tract disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Inoue
- Department of Immunology, Kyoto Prefecture University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.,Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefecture University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tsunao Kishida
- Department of Immunology, Kyoto Prefecture University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kotani
- Department of Immunology, Kyoto Prefecture University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Mika Akiyoshi
- Department of Immunology, Kyoto Prefecture University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.,CellAxia Inc. 1-10-9-6F Nihonbashi Horidome-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0012, Japan
| | - Hideto Taga
- Department of Immunology, Kyoto Prefecture University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.,Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefecture University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Makoto Seki
- Department of Immunology, Kyoto Prefecture University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.,CellAxia Inc. 1-10-9-6F Nihonbashi Horidome-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0012, Japan
| | - Osamu Ukimura
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefecture University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Osam Mazda
- Department of Immunology, Kyoto Prefecture University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
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15
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Wang Q, Xu J, Chen Y, Liu L. KLF4 overexpression decreases the viability, invasion and migration of papillary thyroid cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:3493-3501. [PMID: 31602225 PMCID: PMC6777314 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) has been implicated in a number of different types of cancer; however, the role of KLF4 in papillary thyroid cancer remains elusive. The present study aimed to investigate the role of KLF4 in papillary thyroid cancer and its potential underlying molecular mechanisms. The expression of KLF4 in thyroid tumor tissue and adjacent non-cancerous tissues were detected via immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The papillary thyroid cancer cell line, KTC1, was transfected with viruses carrying KLF4 overexpression vectors. The relative expression of KLF4, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2, MMP9 and collagen was detected via quantitative-PCR. The viability of KTC1 cells was detected using a cell counting kit-8 assay at 24, 48 and 72 h. Cell invasion was examined via a transwell invasion assay. Cell migration was examined via a scratch migration assay at 0 and 24 h. Compared with adjacent non-cancerous tissues, the expression of KLF4 was significantly lower in thyroid tumor tissues. The expression of KLF4 in KTC1 cells were significantly increased compared with the blank or negative control groups. The expression of N-cadherin, MMP2, MMP9 and collagen was significantly decreased in the KLF4 overexpression group. The viability of KTC1 cells was markedly decreased in KLF4 overexpression group at 24, 48 and 72 h when compared with the blank or negative control groups. The invasion of KTC1 cells in the KLF4 overexpression group was markedly decreased. Compared with the negative control group, the KTC1 cell migration in the KLF4 overexpression group was markedly decreased at 24 h. The expression of KLF4 was also significantly lower in thyroid tumor tissues. The cell viability, tumor invasion and migration ability and expression levels of N-cadherin, MMP2, MMP9 and collagen in papillary thyroid cancer cells were markedly decreased with KLF4 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianzhu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Baoshan District Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Shanghai 201999, P.R. China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Baoshan District Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Shanghai 201999, P.R. China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Baoshan District Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Shanghai 201999, P.R. China
| | - Limin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Baoshan District Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Shanghai 201999, P.R. China
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16
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Shan F, Huang Z, Xiong R, Huang Q, Li J. HIF1α‐induced upregulation of KLF4 promotes migration of human vascular smooth muscle cells under hypoxia. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:141-150. [PMID: 31270801 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabo Shan
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University Chongqing P.R. China
| | - Zhizhong Huang
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University Chongqing P.R. China
| | - Renping Xiong
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University Chongqing P.R. China
| | - Qing‐Yuan Huang
- Department of Cold Environmental Medicine College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University Chongqing P.R. China
| | - Junxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Second Department of Research Institute of Surgery Daping Hospital, Army Medical University Chongqing P.R. China
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17
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Monteiro-Reis S, Lobo J, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. Epigenetic Mechanisms Influencing Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Bladder Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E297. [PMID: 30642115 PMCID: PMC6358899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most incident neoplasms worldwide, and its treatment remains a significant challenge, since the mechanisms underlying disease progression are still poorly understood. The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been proven to play an important role in the tumorigenic process, particularly in cancer cell invasiveness and metastatic potential. Several studies have reported the importance of epigenetic mechanisms and enzymes, which orchestrate them in several features of cancer cells and, specifically, in EMT. In this paper, we discuss the epigenetic enzymes, protein-coding and non-coding genes, and mechanisms altered in the EMT process occurring in bladder cancer cells, as well as its implications, which allows for improved understanding of bladder cancer biology and for the development of novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Monteiro-Reis
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - João Lobo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal.
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18
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Llinàs-Arias P, Esteller M. Epigenetic inactivation of tumour suppressor coding and non-coding genes in human cancer: an update. Open Biol 2018; 7:rsob.170152. [PMID: 28931650 PMCID: PMC5627056 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.170152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells undergo many different alterations during their transformation, including genetic and epigenetic events. The controlled division of healthy cells can be impaired through the downregulation of tumour suppressor genes. Here, we provide an update of the mechanisms in which epigenetically altered coding and non-coding tumour suppressor genes are implicated. We will highlight the importance of epigenetics in the different molecular pathways that lead to enhanced and unlimited capacity of division, genomic instability, metabolic shift, acquisition of mesenchymal features that lead to metastasis, and tumour plasticity. We will briefly describe these pathways, focusing especially on genes whose epigenetic inactivation through DNA methylation has been recently described, as well as on those that are well established as being epigenetically silenced in cancer. A brief perspective of current clinical therapeutic approaches that can revert epigenetic inactivation of non-coding tumour suppressor genes will also be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pere Llinàs-Arias
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain .,Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Carrer de la Feixa Llarga, s/n, 08908 L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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19
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Lian J, Lin SH, Ye Y, Chang DW, Huang M, Dinney CP, Wu X. Serum microRNAs as predictors of risk for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:14895-14908. [PMID: 29599914 PMCID: PMC5871085 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in the development of nearly all cancers and may function as promising biomarkers for early detection, diagnosis and prognosis. We sought to investigate the role of serum miRNAs as potential diagnostic biomarkers or biomarkers of risk for early-stage bladder cancer. First, we profiled global serum miRNAs in a pilot set of 10 non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) cases and 10 healthy controls matched on age, gender and smoking status. Eighty nine stably detectable miRNAs were selected for further testing and quantification by high-throughput Taqman analysis using the Fluidigm BioMark HD System to assess their association with NMIBC risk in both discovery and validation sets totaling 280 cases and 278 controls. We found miR-409-3p and six miRNAs expression ratios were significantly associated with risk of bladder cancer in both discovery and validation sets. Interestingly, we identified expression of miR-409-3p and miR-342-3p inversely correlated with age and age of onset of NMIBC. A risk score was generated based on the combination of three miRNA ratios (miR-29a-3p/miR-222-3p, miR-150-5p/miR-331-3p, miR-409-3p/miR-423-5p). In dichotomized analysis, we found individuals with high risk score showed increased risk of bladder cancer in the discovery, validation, and combined sets. Pathway enrichment analyses suggested altered miRNAs and cognate target genes are linked to the retinoid acid receptor (RAR) signaling pathway. Overall, these results suggested specific serum miRNA signatures may serve as noninvasive predictors of NMIBC risk. Biological insights underlying bladder cancer development based on the pathway enrichment analysis may reveal novel therapeutic targets for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lian
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shu-Hong Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuanqing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David W Chang
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Maosheng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Colin P Dinney
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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20
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Xu Q, Liu M, Zhang J, Xue L, Zhang G, Hu C, Wang Z, He S, Chen L, Ma K, Liu X, Zhao Y, Lv N, Liang S, Zhu H, Xu N. Overexpression of KLF4 promotes cell senescence through microRNA-203-survivin-p21 pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 7:60290-60302. [PMID: 27531889 PMCID: PMC5312384 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a transcription factor and functions as a tumor suppressor or tumor promoter in different cancer types. KLF4 regulates many gene expression, thus affects the process of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Recently, KLF4 was reported to induce senescence during the generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, but the exact mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we constructed two doxycycline-inducing KLF4 cell models, and demonstrated overexpression of KLF4 could promote cell senescence, detected by senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity assay. Then we confirmed that p21, a key effector of senescence, was directly induced by KLF4. KLF4 could also inhibit survivin, which could indirectly induce p21. By miRNA microarray, we found a series of miRNAs regulated by KLF4 and involved in senescence. We demonstrated that KLF4 could upregulate miR-203, and miR-203 contributed to senescence through miR-203-survivin-p21 pathway. Our results suggest that KLF4 could promote cell senescence through a complex network: miR-203, survivin, and p21, which were all regulated by overexpression of KLF4 and contributed to cell senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ju Zhang
- Division of Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Liyan Xue
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guo Zhang
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chenfei Hu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zaozao Wang
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shun He
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lechuang Chen
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xianghe Liu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yahui Zhao
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Lv
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shufang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongxia Zhu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ningzhi Xu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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21
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Hu W, Jia Y, Xiao X, Lv K, Chen Y, Wang L, Luo X, Liu T, Li W, Li Y, Zhang C, Yu Z, Huang W, Sun B, Deng WG. KLF4 downregulates hTERT expression and telomerase activity to inhibit lung carcinoma growth. Oncotarget 2018; 7:52870-52887. [PMID: 27153563 PMCID: PMC5288155 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a transcription factor that contributes to diverse cellular processes and serves as a tumor suppressor or oncogene in various cancers. Previously, we have reported on the tumor suppressive function of KLF4 in lung cancer; however, its precise regulatory mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we found that KLF4 negatively regulated hTERT expression and telomerase activity in lung cancer cell lines and a mouse model. In addition, the KLF4 and hTERT expression levels were significantly related to the clinicopathological features of lung cancer patients. Promoter reporter analyses revealed the decreased hTERT promoter activity in cells infected with Ad-KLF4, and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that endogenous KLF4 directly bound to the promoter region of hTERT. Furthermore, the MAPK signaling pathway was revealed to be involved in the KLF4/hTERT modulation pathway. Forced expression of KLF4 profoundly attenuated lung cell proliferation and cancer formation in a murine model. Moreover, hTERT overexpression can partially rescue the KLF4-mediated suppressive effect in lung cancer cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that KLF4 suppresses lung cancer growth by inhibiting hTERT and MAPK signaling. Additionally, the KLF4/hTERT/MAPK pathway is a potential new therapeutic target for human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxian Hu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunlu Jia
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangsheng Xiao
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kezhen Lv
- Department of Breast Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongxia Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linbo Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianze Liu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixin Li
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changlin Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenglong Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenlin Huang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Targeted Drug for Tumors of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Double Bioproduct Inc., Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wu-Guo Deng
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Targeted Drug for Tumors of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Double Bioproduct Inc., Guangzhou, China
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22
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Casadevall D, Kilian AY, Bellmunt J. The prognostic role of epigenetic dysregulation in bladder cancer: A systematic review. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 61:82-93. [PMID: 29121502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite adequate treatment and follow-up, around one fifth of patients with localized bladder cancer will present with disease progression. Adequate prognostic biomarkers are lacking to define patients who are at risk. Mutations in chromatin remodeling genes are more frequently found in bladder cancer than in any other solid tumor. However, the prognostic relevance of epigenetic dysregulation has not been established and may offer an opportunity for biomarker discovery. METHODS Looking for prognostic epigenetic factors, we performed a comprehensive PubMed search using keywords such as "bladder cancer", "chromatin remodeling", "gene methylation" and "epigenetics". We only included studies reporting on the association of epigenetic markers with prognostic outcomes such as recurrence, progression or survival. RESULTS Of 1113 results, 87 studies met the inclusion criteria, which represented a total of 85 epigenetic markers with potential prognostic relevance. No prospective studies were identified. Seventy-three percent (64/87) of the studies involved mixed cohorts of muscle invasive and non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Promoter methylation of genes with putative prognostic value affected cellular processes such as cell cycle, apoptosis, cell-adhesion or migration, as well as critical pathways such as MAP-kinase or Wnt. Alteration of chromatin regulatory elements suggest a prognostic relevance alterations leading to a predominantly silenced chromatin state. CONCLUSIONS The prognostic impact of epigenetic alterations in bladder cancer is still unclear. Prospective evaluation of methylation marks and chromatin remodeling gene alterations using consistent methods and criteria is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Casadevall
- Cancer Research Program, PSMAR-IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Carrer Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Joaquim Bellmunt
- Cancer Research Program, PSMAR-IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Carrer Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, DANA 1230, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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23
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Xu X, Li J, Zhu Y, Xie B, Wang X, Wang S, Xie H, Yan H, Ying Y, Lin Y, Liu B, Wang W, Zheng X. CRISPR-ON-Mediated KLF4 overexpression inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of urothelial bladder cancer in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2017; 8:102078-102087. [PMID: 29254226 PMCID: PMC5731936 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Kruppel like factor 4 (KLF4), a transcription factor associated with carcinogenesis and tumor progression, plays an important role in various malignancies. In the present study, we utilized the CRISPR-ON system to upregulate KLF4 expression level and subsequently investigated the effect and mechanism of KLF4 in the carcinogenesis and progression of urothelial bladder cancer (UBC). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) were used to evaluate the expression of KLF4. The CpG methylation status of the promoter region was analyzed using bisulfite-sequencing PCR (BSP). CRISPR-ON system comprised sgRNA and dCas9 protein combined with a transcriptional activation domain. The cell proliferation and cell cycle were assessed by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry and colony formation assay. The cell motility ability was evaluated using trans-well assay. In vivo tumorigenesis assay and lung metastasis model were also performed. The KLF4 expression was significantly downregulated in UBC tissues. The high CpG methylation status in the promoter of KLF4 was confirmed using BSP. KLF4 overexpression was successfully achieved via CRISPR-ON system, which inhibited the proliferation and induced G1-phase arrest in T24 cells through the regulation of AKT/p21 signal. Furthermore, enforced expression of KLF4 also abrogated the migration and invasion of T24 cells by suppressing EMT progression. Finally, in vivo models indicated that the upregulation of KLF4 could inhibit tumorigenesis and lung metastasis in nude mice. In conclusion, KLF4 overexpression mediated by CRISPR-ON inhibits tumorigenesis and EMT progression in UBC cells, representing a potential therapeutic target, and CRISPR-ON system could be a therapeutic strategy for UBC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Jiangfeng Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Bo Xie
- Department of Urology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Haiyun Xie
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Huaqing Yan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Yufan Ying
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Yiwei Lin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Ben Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyi Zheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
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Jia Y, Zhou J, Luo X, Chen M, Chen Y, Wang J, Xiong H, Ying X, Hu W, Zhao W, Deng W, Wang L. KLF4 overcomes tamoxifen resistance by suppressing MAPK signaling pathway and predicts good prognosis in breast cancer. Cell Signal 2017; 42:165-175. [PMID: 28988130 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tamoxifen resistance represents a daunting challenge to the successful treatment for breast cancer. Krüppel-like factor 4 has critical roles in the development and progression of breast cancer, but its expression, function and regulation in the efficacy of TAM therapy in breast cancer have yet to be investigated. Here, we examined the clinical significance and biologic effects of KLF4 in breast cancer. Firstly, higher expression of KLF4 correlated with increased TAM sensitivity in breast cancer cells, and analysis of GEO datasets indicated that KLF4 expression was positively correlated with ERα and enhanced expression of KLF4 sensitized breast cancer patients to endocrine therapy. Knockdown of KLF4 in MCF-7 and BCAP37 cells led to increased TAM resistance, while ectopic KLF4 expression promoted the responsiveness to TAM in T47D and TAM-resistant MCF-7/TAM cells. Secondly, ectopic KLF4 overexpression suppressed MCF-7/TAM cell growth, invasion and migration. Moreover, KLF4 expression was down-regulated in breast cancer tumor tissues and high expression of KLF4 was associated with favorable outcomes. Mechanistically, KLF4 may enhance the responsiveness of breast cancer cells to TAM through suppressing mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. We found that ERK and p38 were more activated in MCF-7/TAM compared with MCF-7, and treatment with MAPK-specific inhibitors significantly suppressed cell viability. Knockdown of KLF4 activated ERK and p38 and drove MCF-7 cells to become resistant to TAM. Conversely, overexpression of KLF4 in MCF-7/TAM cells suppressed ERK and p38 signaling and resulted in increased sensitivity to TAM. Therefore, our findings suggested that KLF4 contributed to TAM sensitivity in breast cancer via phosphorylation modification of ERK and p38 signaling. Collectively, this study highlighted the significance of KLF4/MAPK signal interaction in regulating TAM resistance of breast cancer, and suggested that targeting KLF4/MAPK signaling may be a potential therapeutic strategy for breast cancer treatment, especially for the TAM-resistant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlu Jia
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Jichun Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miao Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongxia Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Hanchu Xiong
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Xiaogang Ying
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Wenxian Hu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Wenhe Zhao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, China.
| | - Wuguo Deng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Linbo Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, China.
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Li S, Huang L, Gu J, Wu J, Ou W, Feng J, Liu B, Xu X, Zhou Y. Restoration of KLF4 Inhibits Invasion and Metastases of Lung Adenocarcinoma through Suppressing MMP2. J Cancer 2017; 8:3480-3489. [PMID: 29151932 PMCID: PMC5687162 DOI: 10.7150/jca.21241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: KLF4 is a zin-finger transcription factor that plays roles in differentiation, development, and proliferation. Recent studies show that KLF4 is involved in tumorigenesis and somatic cells reprogramming. Metastasis is the primary cause of death in patients with lung cancer, and its biological mechanisms are poorly understood. Goals: In this study, we aim to explore the expression pattern and biological function of KLF4 in lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: We determined KLF4 in lung adenocarcinoma tissue and cell lines, using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. And we further analyzed the correlation between KLF4 expression and clinicopathologic parameters. We restored KLF4 expression and studied its effect on lung adenocarcinoma cells in vivo and in vitro. Luciferase assay was used to study impact of KLF4 on activity of MMP2 promoter. Results: KLF4 is dramatically down-regulated in lung adenocarcinoma tissue and cell lines. Promoter methylation contributes to the down-regulation of KLF4. Down-regulation of KLF4 in lung adenocarcinoma tissue is significantly associated with reduced survival time. Restoration of KLF4 inhibits migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. Metastases to lungs significantly decrease in mice intravenously injected with tumor cells overexpressing KLF4. KLF4 inhibits invasion and metastasis via suppressing MMP2 promoter activity. Conclusion: The ability of KLF4 to inhibit migration, invasion, and metastasis of lung tumor cells indicates a potential role of KLF4 as therapeutic target in lung adenocarcinoma. KLF4 might be utilized as a favorable biomarker for prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoli Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixia Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jincui Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijun Ou
- Center of Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinglun Feng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baomo Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxian Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Crow J, Atay S, Banskota S, Artale B, Schmitt S, Godwin AK. Exosomes as mediators of platinum resistance in ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:11917-11936. [PMID: 28060758 PMCID: PMC5355315 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes have been implicated in the cell-cell transfer of oncogenic proteins and genetic material. We speculated this may be one mechanism by which an intrinsically platinum-resistant population of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells imparts its influence on surrounding tumor cells. To explore this possibility we utilized a platinum-sensitive cell line, A2780 and exosomes derived from its resistant subclones, and an unselected, platinum-resistant EOC line, OVCAR10. A2780 cells demonstrate a ~2-fold increase in viability upon treatment with carboplatin when pre-exposed to exosomes from platinum-resistant cells as compared to controls. This coincided with increased epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). DNA sequencing of EOC cell lines revealed previously unreported somatic mutations in the Mothers Against Decapentaplegic Homolog 4 (SMAD4) within platinum-resistant cells. A2780 cells engineered to exogenously express these SMAD4 mutations demonstrate up-regulation of EMT markers following carboplatin treatment, are more resistant to carboplatin, and release exosomes which impart a ~1.7-fold increase in resistance in naive A2780 recipient cells as compared to controls. These studies provide the first evidence that acquired SMAD4 mutations enhance the chemo-resistance profile of EOC and present a novel mechanism in which exchange of tumor-derived exosomes perpetuates an EMT phenotype, leading to the development of subpopulations of platinum-refractory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Crow
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Safinur Atay
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Samagya Banskota
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, NC, USA
| | - Brittany Artale
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Sarah Schmitt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Tiwari A, Loughner CL, Swamynathan S, Swamynathan SK. KLF4 Plays an Essential Role in Corneal Epithelial Homeostasis by Promoting Epithelial Cell Fate and Suppressing Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:2785-2795. [PMID: 28549095 PMCID: PMC5455171 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-21826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that KLF4 promotes corneal epithelial (CE) cell fate by suppressing the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), using spatiotemporally regulated CE-specific ablation of Klf4 in Klf4Δ/ΔCE (Klf4LoxP/LoxP/Krt12rtTA/rtTA/Tet-O-Cre) mice. Methods CE-specific ablation of Klf4 was achieved by feeding Klf4Δ/ΔCE mice with doxycycline chow. The wild-type (WT; normal chow-fed littermates) and the Klf4Δ/ΔCE histology was compared by hematoxylin and eosin–stained sections; EMT marker expression was quantified by quantitative PCR, immunoblots, and immunofluorescent staining; and wound healing rate was measured by CE debridement using Algerbrush. KLF4 and EMT markers were quantified in human corneal limbal epithelial (HCLE) cells undergoing TGF-β1–induced EMT by quantitative PCR, immunoblots, and immunofluorescent staining. Results The epithelial markers E-cadherin, Krt12, claudin-3, and claudin-4 were down-regulated, whereas the mesenchymal markers vimentin, β-catenin, survivin, and cyclin-D1 and the EMT transcription factors Snail, Slug, Twist1, Twist2, Zeb1, and Zeb2 were up-regulated in the Klf4Δ/ΔCE corneas. The Klf4Δ/ΔCE cells migrated faster, filling 93% of the debrided area within 16 hours compared with 61% in the WT. After 7 days of wounding, the Klf4Δ/ΔCE cells that filled the gap failed to regain epithelial characteristics, as they displayed abnormal stratification; down-regulation of E-cadherin and Krt12; up-regulation of β-catenin, survivin, and cyclin-D1; and a 2.5-fold increase in the number of proliferative Ki67+ cells. WT CE cells at the migrating edge and the HCLE cells undergoing TGF-β1–induced EMT displayed significant down-regulation of KLF4. Conclusions Collectively, these results reveal that KLF4 plays an essential role in CE homeostasis by promoting epithelial cell fate and suppressing EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Tiwari
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Chelsea L Loughner
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Sudha Swamynathan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Shivalingappa K Swamynathan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States 2McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States 3Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States 4Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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28
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Novel tumor-suppressor function of KLF4 in pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Exp Hematol 2017; 53:16-25. [PMID: 28479419 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common hematological malignancy in pediatric patients. Despite advances in the treatment of this disease, many children with T-cell ALL (T-ALL) die from disease relapse due to low responses to standard chemotherapy and the lack of a targeted therapy that selectively eradicates the chemoresistant leukemia-initiating cells (LICs) responsible for disease recurrence. We reported recently that the reprogramming factor Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) has a tumor-suppressive function in children with T-ALL. KLF4 silencing by promoter deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation in patients with T-ALL leads to aberrant activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase MAP2K7 and the downstream c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway that controls the expansion of leukemia cells via c-Jun and activating transcription factor 2. This pathway can be inhibited with small molecules and therefore has the potential to eliminate LICs and eradicate disease in combination with standard therapy for patients with refractory and relapsed disease. The present review summarizes the role of the KLF4-MAP2K7 pathway in T-ALL pathogenesis and the function of JNK and MAP2K7 in carcinogenesis and therapy.
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29
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lncRNA Up-Regulated in Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Facilitates Tumor Growth and Acts as a Negative Prognostic Factor of Recurrence. J Urol 2016; 196:1270-8. [PMID: 27267320 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.05.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Kobayashi T. Understanding the biology of urothelial cancer metastasis. Asian J Urol 2016; 3:211-222. [PMID: 29264189 PMCID: PMC5730871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Management of unresectable urothelial cancer (UC) has been a clinical challenge for decades. While drug resistance is a key issue, precise understanding of biology of UC metastasis is another challenge for the improvement of treatment outcome of UC patients. Introduction of the cell biology concepts including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stemness seems to explain UC metastasis. Molecular genetics based on gene expression profiling, next generation sequencing, and explosion of non-coding RNA world has opened the door to intrinsic molecular subtyping of UC. Next steps include, based on the recently accumulated understanding, the establishment of novel disease models representing UC metastasis in various experimental platforms, particularly in vivo animal systems. Indeed, novel knowledge molecular genetics has not been fully linked to the modeling of UC metastasis. Further understanding of bladder carcinogenesis is needed particularly with regard to cell of origin related to tumor characteristics including driver gene alterations, pathological differentiations, and metastatic ability. Then we will be able to establish better disease models, which will consequently lead us to further understanding of biology and eventually the development of novel therapeutic strategies for UC metastasis.
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Tseng WC, Chuang CW, Yang MH, Pan CC, Tarng DC. Krüppel-like factor 4 is a novel prognostic predictor for urothelial carcinoma of bladder and it regulates TWIST1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Urol Oncol 2016; 34:485.e15-485.e24. [PMID: 27519276 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) exerts tumor suppressive or oncogenic functions in a cell-type-dependent manner, but its prognostic role in urothelial carcinoma of bladder (UCB) remains unclear. We aimed to determine how KLF4 regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and predicts patient survival in UCB. PATIENTS AND METHODS The roles of KLF4 and other EMT regulators in cancer progression were studied in UCB specimens of 398 patients, UCB cell lines. The results were validated by open-access The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 46.5 months, tissue microarray demonstrated that strong KLF4 expression was associated with higher risk toward metastasis and death (P<0.001). KLF4 expression positively correlated with TWIST1 and vimentin, and inversely correlated with E-cadherin expression. Metastasis-free survival was poorest in KLF4/TWIST1 coexpression group, followed by KLF4 or TWIST1 expression-alone group, and no-expression group (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis substantiated that KLF4/TWIST1 coexpression independently predicted overall mortality and metastasis risk with hazard ratios of 2.43 (95% CI: 1.65-3.64) and 7.54 (CI: 4.03-12.10). The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset of bladder cancer also revealed a trend toward decreased overall survival in the high KLF4 expression group as compared to the low KLF4 group. In vitro, KLF4 is accompanied with decreased E-cadherin and β-catenin expressions, increased vimentin and fibronectin expressions, and enhanced migration/invasion. KLF4 knockdown suppressed TWIST1 expression and inhibited EMT, migration and invasion, whereas enforced KLF4 overexpression activated TWIST1 expression and restored EMT and metastatic phenotype. Furthermore, TWIST1 knockdown abolished KLF4-faciliated EMT and metastatic feature without affecting KLF4 expression. CONCLUSIONS KLF4 promotes TWIST1-mediated EMT and may represent a novel prognostic predictor in UCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cheng Tseng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei City Hospital Heping-Fuyou Branch, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Chuang
- Department and Institute of Physiology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Muh-Hwa Yang
- Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chen Pan
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Der-Cherng Tarng
- Department and Institute of Physiology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Immunology Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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32
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Chen X, Wu B, Xu Z, Li S, Tan S, Liu X, Wang K. Downregulation of miR-133b predict progression and poor prognosis in patients with urothelial carcinoma of bladder. Cancer Med 2016; 5:1856-62. [PMID: 27292588 PMCID: PMC4971914 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We found microRNA-133b (miR-133b) was downregulated in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) tissues, and it could inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis in UCB cells. Consequently, we intend to explore the clinical significance of miR-133b in UCB patients. Expression of miR-133b in 146 UCB specimens and matched adjacent non-neoplastic bladder tissues were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The overall survival (OS) curve and progression-free survival (PFS) curve were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method. Prognostic factors for OS and PFS were identified by univariate and multivariate analyses using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. The expression of miR-133b was significantly downregulated in UCB tissues compared with those in adjacent non-neoplastic bladder tissues (P < 0.001). Among UCB patients, low expression of miR-133b significantly correlated with aggressive clinicopathological features. Multivariate analysis indicated that the expression of miR-133b was the independent prognostic factors for predicting PFS (RR: 2.97; 95% CI: 1.78-6.44; P = 0.009) and OS (RR: 4.23; 95% CI: 1.51-11.8; P = 0.011) in patients with UCB. Our study demonstrated that downregulation of miR-133b associated with aggressive clinicopathological features and predicted unfavorable prognosis in patients with UCB, might serve as feasible biomarker for clinical outcome of UCB patients after surgery and potential therapeutic target in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Chen
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.,Division of Nephrology and Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Zhenqun Xu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Shijie Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Shutao Tan
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Kefeng Wang
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
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Kim YJ, Kim WJ. Can we use methylation markers as diagnostic and prognostic indicators for bladder cancer? Investig Clin Urol 2016; 57 Suppl 1:S77-88. [PMID: 27326410 PMCID: PMC4910760 DOI: 10.4111/icu.2016.57.s1.s77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Urothelial carcinomas of the urinary bladder have diverse biological and functional characteristics, and numerous factors are likely to be involved in recurrence, progression, and patient survival. While several molecular markers used to evaluate the development and prognosis of bladder cancer have been studied, they are of limited value; therefore, new molecular parameters useful for predicting the prognosis of bladder cancer patients (particularly patients at high risk of progression and recurrence) are required. Recent progress in the understanding of epigenetic modification and gene silencing has provided new opportunities for the detection, treatment, and prevention of cancer. Methylation is an important molecular mechanism in bladder cancer and may have utility as a prognostic and/or diagnostic marker. This review discusses the epigenetic issues involved in the detection and prediction of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-June Kim
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Wun-Jae Kim
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
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Park CS, Shen Y, Lewis A, Lacorazza HD. Role of the reprogramming factor KLF4 in blood formation. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 99:673-85. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1ru1215-539r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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35
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Epigenetic regulation of Elf5 is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition in urothelial cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117510. [PMID: 25629735 PMCID: PMC4309403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
E74-like factor 5 (Elf5) has been associated with tumor suppression in breast cancer. However, its role in urothelial cancer (UC) is completely unknown. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and methylation specific PCR (MSP) were done to detect Elf5 expression level and its promoter methylation. Results revealed that low expression of Elf5 on protein and mRNA levels were associated with tumor progression, early relapse and poor survival. In vitro, down-regulation of Elf5 can increase epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Aberrant Elf5 methylation was identified as major mechanism for Elf5 gene silence. Accordingly, restoration of Elf5 by infection or demethylating treatment effectively reversed EMT processes. In conclusion, we identified Elf5 as a novel biomarker of UC on several biological levels and established a causative link between Elf5 and EMT in UC.
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Lin YL, Xie PG, Ma JG. Aberrant methylation of CDH13 is a potential biomarker for predicting the recurrence and progression of non muscle invasive bladder cancer. Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:1572-7. [PMID: 25196672 PMCID: PMC4162450 DOI: 10.12659/msm.892130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CDH13 is a novel tumor suppressor gene often inactivated by aberrant promoter methylation in human cancers. Previous studies have shown that CDH13 methylation correlated with advanced disease and poor prognosis in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). The aim of the current study was to investigate the correlations between CDH13 methylation and disease recurrence as well as progression of NMIBC. Material/Methods The methylation status of CDH13 in 178 NMIBC samples and 38 normal bladder epithelial tissues was examined by methylation-specific PCR (MSP), and then correlated with clinicopathological features. Results We found that CDH13 methylation occurs frequently in NMIBC, and significantly correlates with high grade, advanced stage, larger tumor size, and tumor recurrence and progression. Moreover, patients with methylated CDH13 exhibited significantly shorter recurrence-free survival (P<0.0001) and progression-free survival (P=0.0060) than patients with unmethylated CDH13. In addition, a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model analysis suggests that CDH13 methylation is an independent predictor for the recurrence (P=0.0043) and progression (P=0.0016) of NMIBC after initial transurethral resection. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that CDH13 methylation is a frequent event in NMIBC, and is associated with unfavorable tumor features. It should be used as an independent predictor for the recurrence and progression of NMIBC, and may be useful for the design of individualized therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Li Lin
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Jiangsu University (Xuzhou Cancer Hospital), Xuzhou, China (mainland)
| | - Pei-Gen Xie
- Department of Spine Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (mainland)
| | - Jian-Guo Ma
- Department of Urology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China (mainland)
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Lin YL, Wang YL, Ma JG, Li WP. Clinical significance of protocadherin 8 (PCDH8) promoter methylation in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2014; 33:68. [PMID: 25927589 PMCID: PMC4237820 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-014-0068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background PCDH8 is a novel tumor suppressor gene, and frequently inactivated by promoter methylation in human cancers. However, there is little information regarding PCDH8 methylation in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). The aim of this study was to investigate the methylation status of PCDH8 in NMIBC and its clinical significance. Methods The methylation status of PCDH8 in 233 NMIBC tissues and 43 normal bladder epithelial tissues was examined by methylation-specific PCR (MSP), and then analyzed the correlations between PCDH8 methylation and clinicopatholocial features. Subsequently, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Multivariate Cox proportional hazard model analysis was used to investigate the correlation between PCDH8 methylation and prognosis of patients with NMIBC. Results PCDH8 methylation occurred frequently in NMIBC tissues than those in normal bladder epithelial tissues. In addition, PCDH8 methylation significantly correlated with advanced stage, high grade, larger tumor size, tumor recurrence and progression in NMIBC. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that patients with PCDH8 methylated have shorter recurrence-free survival, progression-free survival and five-year overall survival than patients with PCDH8 unmethylated. Multivariate analysis suggested that PCDH8 methylation was an independent prognostic biomarker for recurrence-free survival, progression-free survival and five-year overall survival simultaneously. Conclusions PCDH8 methylation may be associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in NMIBC and may be used as a potential biomarker to predict the prognosis of patients with NMIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Li Lin
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Jiangsu University (Xuzhou Cancer Hospital), Xuzhou, 221000, China.
| | - Yan-Ling Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Jian-Guo Ma
- Department of Urology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Wen-Ping Li
- Department of Urology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei Province, China.
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Xiao H, Li H, Yu G, Xiao W, Hu J, Tang K, Zeng J, He W, Zeng G, Ye Z, Xu H. MicroRNA-10b promotes migration and invasion through KLF4 and HOXD10 in human bladder cancer. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:1832-8. [PMID: 24573354 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was performed to investigate the effect of microRNA-10b (miR-10b) on cell migration and invasion in human bladder cancer (BC). Real-time PCR was performed to detect the expression of miR-10b in BC cell lines. miR-10b mimics, the negative control for mimics, miR-10b inhibitor and the negative control for inhibitor were transfected into BC cell lines and the effects of miR-10b on the migration and invasion of cells were investigated through Transwell assay. Meanwhile, protein levels of KLF4, HOXD10, E-cadherin and MMP14 were measured. Luciferase assays were also performed to validate KLF4 and HOXD10 as miR-10b targets. In vivo metastasis assay was performed to validate if miR-10b can promote BC cell line metastasis in vivo. miR-10b is significantly upregulated in BC cell lines and metastatic tissues. Increased miR-10b expression significantly enhanced BC cell migration and invasion, while decreased miR-10b expression reduced cell migration and invasion. In vivo metastasis assay demonstrated that overexpression of miR-10b markedly promoted BC metastasis. Moreover, KLF4 and HOXD10 were identified as direct targets of miR-10b in BC cells. Silencing of KLF4 or HOXD10 recapitulated the pro-metastatic function. Furthermore, we found that E-cadherin and MMP14 may be the downstream factors of KLF4 and HOXD10 in the suppression of BC metastasis by miR-10b. These data suggest that miR-10b may function as oncogenes in BC cells. Targeting these novel strategies, inhibition of miR-10b/KLF4/E-cadherin axis and miR-10b/HOXD10/MMP14 axis may be helpful as a therapeutic approach to block BC cell metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibing Xiao
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Gan Yu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Translational Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Junhui Hu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Kun Tang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Jin Zeng
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zhangqun Ye
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
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