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Faraldo-Cabana A, Sánchez-Fructuoso A, Pérez-Flores I, Beneit-Montesinos JV, Muñoz-Jiménez D, Peix Jiménez B, Asensio Arredondo S, Nuño Santana EI, Santana Valeros MJ, Hidalgo González V, González García F, Ortuño-Soriano I. Development of an Information Guideline for Kidney Transplant Recipients in a Clinical Trial: Protocol for a Modified Delphi Method. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e46961. [PMID: 37930773 PMCID: PMC10660209 DOI: 10.2196/46961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal transplantation is the treatment of choice for most cases of end-stage renal disease. Recipients need to lead a healthy lifestyle to minimize the potential side effects of immunosuppressive drugs and improve transplant outcomes. There is not much evidence about the best way to increase adherence to healthy lifestyles in kidney transplant recipients, so one of the objectives set by the nursing team is to train people to acquire the necessary skills and tools to be able to take care of themselves. In this sense, the consensual development of appropriate materials may be useful and of interest. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop an information guide for adults with kidney transplants to be assessed in a subsequent clinical trial as an intervention to increase adherence to healthy habits. METHODS We used a 3-step, methodological, sequential approach: (1) training from a group of experts and item consensus; (2) review of the medical literature available; and (3) use of the Delphi technique with on-site meetings. A total of 5 nurses from the Community of Madrid Kidney Transplantation Unit in Spain were asked to participate. The patients' lifestyle factors that, according to the medical literature available and experts' opinions, have the greatest impact on the survival of the transplanted organ and the recipients themselves were all described. RESULTS After using the modified Delphi method to reach a consensus on the items to be included and the information needed in each, an information guide for adult kidney transplant patients was developed. This guide facilitates the structuring of health care, information, and recommendations necessary for effective self-care for each person. The result is considered to be an easy-to-understand tool, useful for transplant doctors and nurses, in simple language, with information based on the latest scientific-medical evidence published to date, aspects of which will be evaluated in a clinical trial designed for this purpose. CONCLUSIONS Currently, this guide is the main intervention variable of a clinical trial (registered on ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT05715580) aimed at improving compliance with healthy habits in kidney transplant recipients in the Community of Madrid, Spain. The method used in its development has been useful and agile, and the result is a guide that can be easily updated periodically following the same procedure. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/46961.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Faraldo-Cabana
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-Fructuoso
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Pérez-Flores
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Vicente Beneit-Montesinos
- Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Muñoz-Jiménez
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Prevención y Promoción de la Salud. Unidad de Investigación en Cuidados y Servicios de Salud del Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ismael Ortuño-Soriano
- Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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Schutter R, Sanders JSF, Ramspek CL, Crop MJ, Bemelman FJ, Christiaans MH, Hilbrands LB, de Vries AP, van de Wetering J, van Zuilen AD, van Diepen M, Leuvenink HG, Dekker FW, Moers C. Considerable Variability Among Transplant Nephrologists in Judging Deceased Donor Kidney Offers. Kidney Int Rep 2023; 8:2008-2016. [PMID: 37850026 PMCID: PMC10577326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Transplant clinicians may disagree on whether or not to accept a deceased donor kidney offer. We investigated the interobserver variability between transplant nephrologists regarding organ acceptance and whether the use of a prediction model impacted their decisions. Methods We developed an observational online survey with 6 real-life cases of deceased donor kidneys offered to a waitlisted recipient. Per case, nephrologists were asked to estimate the risk of adverse outcome and whether they would accept the offer for this patient, or for a patient of their own choice, and how certain they felt. These questions were repeated after revealing the risk of adverse outcome, calculated by a validated prediction model. Results Sixty Dutch nephrologists completed the survey. The intraclass correlation coefficient of their estimated risk of adverse outcome was poor (0.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.08-0.62). Interobserver agreement of the decision on whether or not to accept the kidney offer was also poor (Fleiss kappa 0.13, 95% CI 0.129-0.130). The acceptance rate before and after providing the outcome of the prediction model was significantly influenced in 2 of 6 cases. Acceptance rates varied considerably among transplant centers. Conclusion In this study, the estimated risk of adverse outcome and subsequent decision to accept a suboptimal donor kidney varied greatly among transplant nephrologists. The use of a prediction model could influence this decision and may enhance nephrologists' certainty about their decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianne Schutter
- Department of Surgery–Organ Donation and Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan-Stephan F. Sanders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Chava L. Ramspek
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Meindert J. Crop
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Frederike J. Bemelman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten H.L. Christiaans
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Luuk B. Hilbrands
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Aiko P.J. de Vries
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and Leiden Transplant Center, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | | | - Arjan D. van Zuilen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Merel van Diepen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Henri G.D. Leuvenink
- Department of Surgery–Organ Donation and Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Friedo W. Dekker
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Cyril Moers
- Department of Surgery–Organ Donation and Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
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de Fijter J, Dreyer G, Mallat M, Budde K, Pratschke J, Klempnauer J, Zeier M, Arns W, Hugo C, Rump LC, Hauser I, Schenker P, Schiffer M, Grimm MO, Kliem V, Olbricht CJ, Pisarski P, Banas B, Suwelack B, Hakenberg O, Berlakovich G, Schneeberger S, van de Wetering J, Berger S, Bemelman F, Kuypers D, Heidt S, Rahmel A, Claas F, Peeters P, Oberbauer R, Heemann U, Krämer BK. A paired-kidney allocation study found superior survival with HLA-DR compatible kidney transplants in the Eurotransplant Senior Program. Kidney Int 2023; 104:552-561. [PMID: 37343659 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The Eurotransplant Senior Program (ESP) has expedited the chance for elderly patients with kidney failure to receive a timely transplant. This current study evaluated survival parameters of kidneys donated after brain death with or without matching for HLA-DR antigens. This cohort study evaluated the period within ESP with paired allocation of 675 kidneys from donors 65 years and older to transplant candidates 65 years and older, the first kidney to 341 patients within the Eurotransplant Senior DR-compatible Program and 334 contralateral kidneys without (ESP) HLA-DR antigen matching. We used Kaplan-Meier estimates and competing risk analysis to assess all cause mortality and kidney graft failure, respectively. The log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards regression were used for comparisons. Within ESP, matching for HLA-DR antigens was associated with a significantly lower five-year risk of mortality (hazard ratio 0.71; 95% confidence interval 0.53-0.95) and significantly lower cause-specific hazards for kidney graft failure and return to dialysis at one year (0.55; 0.35-0.87) and five years (0.73; 0.53-0.99) post-transplant. Allocation based on HLA-DR matching resulted in longer cold ischemia (mean difference 1.00 hours; 95% confidence interval: 0.32-1.68) and kidney offers with a significantly shorter median dialysis vintage of 2.4 versus 4.1 yrs. in ESP without matching. Thus, our allocation based on HLA-DR matching improved five-year patient and kidney allograft survival. Hence, our paired allocation study suggests a superior outcome of HLA-DR matching in the context of old-for-old kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan de Fijter
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
| | - Geertje Dreyer
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marko Mallat
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Klemens Budde
- Department of Nephrology, Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johann Pratschke
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Klempnauer
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Zeier
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Arns
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Cologne Merheim Medical Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Hugo
- Clinic for Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lars-Christian Rump
- Department of Internal Medicine/Nephrology, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ingeborg Hauser
- Department of Nephrology, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Peter Schenker
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mario Schiffer
- Department of Nephrology, Erlangen University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Volker Kliem
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Kidney Transplant Center, Nephrological Center of Lower Saxony, Klinikum Hann, Münden, Germany
| | | | - Przemyslaw Pisarski
- Department of Surgery, Section of Transplant Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Banas
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Suwelack
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Gabriela Berlakovich
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Stefan Schneeberger
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Stefan Berger
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Frederike Bemelman
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dirk Kuypers
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Heidt
- Eurotransplant Reference Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Axel Rahmel
- Eurotransplant International Foundation, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Frans Claas
- Eurotransplant Reference Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Patrick Peeters
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rainer Oberbauer
- Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Uwe Heemann
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard K Krämer
- V-th Department of Medicine (Nephrology), University Medical Center Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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Hedley JA, Kelly PJ, Wyld M, Shah K, Morton RL, Byrnes J, Rosales BM, De La Mata NL, Wyburn K, Webster AC. Cost-effectiveness of Interventions to Increase Utilization of Kidneys From Deceased Donors With Primary Brain Malignancy in an Australian Setting. Transplant Direct 2023; 9:e1474. [PMID: 37090124 PMCID: PMC10118354 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidneys from potential deceased donors with brain cancer are often foregone due to concerns of cancer transmission risk to recipients. There may be uncertainty around donors' medical history and their absolute transmission risk or risk-averse decision-making among clinicians. However, brain cancer transmissions are rare, and prolonging waiting time for recipients is harmful. Methods We assessed the cost-effectiveness of increasing utilization of potential deceased donors with brain cancer using a Markov model simulation of 1500 patients waitlisted for a kidney transplant, based on linked transplant registry data and with a payer perspective (Australian government). We estimated costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) for three interventions: decision support for clinicians in assessing donor risk, improved cancer classification accuracy with real-time data-linkage to hospital records and cancer registries, and increased risk tolerance to allow intermediate-risk donors (up to 6.4% potential transmission risk). Results Compared with current practice, decision support provided 0.3% more donors with an average transmission risk of 2%. Real-time data-linkage provided 0.6% more donors (1.1% average transmission risk) and increasing risk tolerance (accepting intermediate-risk 6.4%) provided 2.1% more donors (4.9% average transmission risk). Interventions were dominant (improved QALYs and saved costs) in 78%, 80%, and 87% of simulations, respectively. The largest benefit was from increasing risk tolerance (mean +18.6 QALYs and AU$2.2 million [US$1.6 million] cost-savings). Conclusions Despite the additional risk of cancer transmission, accepting intermediate-risk donors with brain cancer is likely to increase the number of donor kidneys available for transplant, improve patient outcomes, and reduce overall healthcare expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Hedley
- Collaborative Centre for Organ Donation Evidence, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Patrick J. Kelly
- Collaborative Centre for Organ Donation Evidence, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melanie Wyld
- Collaborative Centre for Organ Donation Evidence, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karan Shah
- National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachael L. Morton
- National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Juliet Byrnes
- Collaborative Centre for Organ Donation Evidence, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brenda M. Rosales
- Collaborative Centre for Organ Donation Evidence, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicole L. De La Mata
- Collaborative Centre for Organ Donation Evidence, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kate Wyburn
- Collaborative Centre for Organ Donation Evidence, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Renal Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Angela C. Webster
- Collaborative Centre for Organ Donation Evidence, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
- National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Senanayake S, Healy H, McPhail SM, Baboolal K, Kularatna S. Cost-Effectiveness and Budget Impact Analysis of Implementing a 'Soft Opt-Out' System for Kidney Donation in Australia. APPLIED HEALTH ECONOMICS AND HEALTH POLICY 2022; 20:769-779. [PMID: 35843996 PMCID: PMC9385789 DOI: 10.1007/s40258-022-00747-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a severe shortage of donor organs globally. There is growing interest in understanding how a 'soft opt-out' organ donation system could help bridge the supply and demand gap for donor organs. This research aims to estimate the cost-effectiveness and budget impact of implementing a 'soft opt-out' organ donation system for kidney donation. METHODS A decision-analytic model was developed to estimate the incremental costs from a health system's perspective, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and death averted of people who have kidney failure, comparing a 'soft opt-out' organ donation system to an 'opt-in' system. This study analysed three scenarios where the 'soft opt-out' system generated a 20%, 30%, and 40% increase in deceased organ donation rates over 20 years. A 5-year time horizon was adopted for the budget impact analysis. RESULTS A 20% increase in organ donation rates could have a cost saving of 650 million Australian dollars (A$) and a 10,400-QALY gain. A 20% increase would avert more than 1500 deaths, while a 40% increase would avert 3200 deaths over a time horizon of 20 years. Over the first 5 years, a 20% increase would have a net saving of A$53 million, increasing to A$106 million if the donation rate increases by 40%. CONCLUSION A 'soft opt-out' organ donation system would return a cost saving for the healthcare system, a net gain in QALYs, and prevention of a significant number of deaths. Advantageous budgetary impact is important, but understanding the aversion for a 'soft opt-out' system in Australia is also important and remains a priority for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameera Senanayake
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation and Centre for Healthcare Transformation, School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia.
| | - Helen Healy
- Royal Brisbane Hospital for Women, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Steven M McPhail
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation and Centre for Healthcare Transformation, School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- Digital Health and Informatics Directorate, Metro South Health, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Keshwar Baboolal
- Royal Brisbane Hospital for Women, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sanjeewa Kularatna
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation and Centre for Healthcare Transformation, School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
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Woodford SF, Miles LF, Lee DK, Weinberg L. A Software-Guided Approach to Hemodynamic Management in a Renal Transplant Recipient: A Case Report. A A Pract 2022; 16:e01622. [PMID: 36137007 PMCID: PMC9521586 DOI: 10.1213/xaa.0000000000001622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The function of renal allografts in the perioperative period is partly dependent on minimizing hemodynamic instability. We have developed hemodynamic monitoring software-named the "pressure field"-that was utilized in a 68-year-old high-risk kidney transplant recipient. The "pressure field" was used to individualize fluid and drug administration and replicate the preoperative hemodynamics. The patient received net zero fluid intraoperatively and had an uneventful postoperative course. We found the pressure field method helpful to manage perioperative hemodynamics in this high-risk patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen F. Woodford
- From the Department of Anaesthesia, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Vic, Australia
- Macquarie Medical School, Blood Pressure and Vascular Function Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lachlan F. Miles
- From the Department of Anaesthesia, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Vic, Australia
- Department of Critical Care, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Vic, Australia
| | - Dong-Kyu Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Laurence Weinberg
- From the Department of Anaesthesia, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Vic, Australia
- Department of Critical Care, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Vic, Australia
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Sharif A. Deceased Donor Characteristics and Kidney Transplant Outcomes. Transpl Int 2022; 35:10482. [PMID: 36090778 PMCID: PMC9452640 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2022.10482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is the therapy of choice for people living with kidney failure who are suitable for surgery. However, the disparity between supply versus demand for organs means many either die or are removed from the waiting-list before receiving a kidney allograft. Reducing unnecessary discard of deceased donor kidneys is important to maximize utilization of a scarce and valuable resource but requires nuanced decision-making. Accepting kidneys from deceased donors with heterogenous characteristics for waitlisted kidney transplant candidates, often in the context of time-pressured decision-making, requires an understanding of the association between donor characteristics and kidney transplant outcomes. Deceased donor clinical factors can impact patient and/or kidney allograft survival but risk-versus-benefit deliberation must be balanced against the morbidity and mortality associated with remaining on the waiting-list. In this article, the association between deceased kidney donor characteristics and post kidney transplant outcomes for the recipient are reviewed. While translating this evidence to individual kidney transplant candidates is a challenge, emerging strategies to improve this process will be discussed. Fundamentally, tools and guidelines to inform decision-making when considering deceased donor kidney offers will be valuable to both professionals and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Sharif
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, University Hospitals Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Adnan Sharif,
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Non-Immunologic Causes of Late Death-Censored Kidney Graft Failure: A Personalized Approach. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12081271. [PMID: 36013220 PMCID: PMC9410103 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12081271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite continuous advances in surgical and immunosuppressive protocols, the long-term survival of transplanted kidneys is still far from being satisfactory. Antibody-mediated rejection, recurrent autoimmune diseases, and death with functioning graft are the most frequent causes of late-kidney allograft failure. However, in addition to these complications, a number of other non-immunologic events may impair the function of transplanted kidneys and directly or indirectly lead to their failure. In this narrative review, we will list and discuss the most important nonimmune causes of late death-censored kidney graft failure, including quality of the donated kidney, adherence to prescriptions, drug toxicities, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, new onset diabetes mellitus, hyperuricemia, and lifestyle of the renal transplant recipient. For each of these risk factors, we will report the etiopathogenesis and the potential consequences on graft function, keeping in mind that in many cases, two or more risk factors may negatively interact together.
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9
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Senanayake S, Graves N, Healy H, Baboolal K, Barnett A, Kularatna S. Time-to-event analysis in economic evaluations: a comparison of modelling methods to assess the cost-effectiveness of transplanting a marginal quality kidney. HEALTH ECONOMICS REVIEW 2021; 11:13. [PMID: 33856573 PMCID: PMC8051030 DOI: 10.1186/s13561-021-00312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Economic-evaluations using decision analytic models such as Markov-models (MM), and discrete-event-simulations (DES) are high value adds in allocating resources. The choice of modelling method is critical because an inappropriate model yields results that could lead to flawed decision making. The aim of this study was to compare cost-effectiveness when MM and DES were used to model results of transplanting a lower-quality kidney versus remaining waitlisted for a kidney. METHODS Cost-effectiveness was assessed using MM and DES. We used parametric survival models to estimate the time-dependent transition probabilities of MM and distribution of time-to-event in DES. MMs were simulated in 12 and 6 monthly cycles, out to five and 20-year time horizon. RESULTS DES model output had a close fit to the actual data. Irrespective of the modelling method, the cycle length of MM or the time horizon, transplanting a low-quality kidney as compared to remaining waitlisted was the dominant strategy. However, there were discrepancies in costs, effectiveness and net monetary benefit (NMB) among different modelling methods. The incremental NMB of the MM in the 6-months cycle lengths was a closer fit to the incremental NMB of the DES. The gap in the fit of the two cycle lengths to DES output reduced as the time horizon increased. CONCLUSION Different modelling methods were unlikely to influence the decision to accept a lower quality kidney transplant or remain waitlisted on dialysis. Both models produced similar results when time-dependant transition probabilities are used, most notable with shorter cycle lengths and longer time-horizons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameera Senanayake
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation (AusHSI) and Centre for Healthcare Transformation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia.
| | - Nicholas Graves
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College road, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Helen Healy
- Royal Brisbane Hospital for Women, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Keshwar Baboolal
- Royal Brisbane Hospital for Women, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Adrian Barnett
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation (AusHSI) and Centre for Healthcare Transformation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Sanjeewa Kularatna
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation (AusHSI) and Centre for Healthcare Transformation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
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