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Ro WB, Park HM, Song DW, Kim HS, Lee GW, Kang JH, Jo CH, Kang MH. Case Report: Aortic Regurgitation of Postocclusion and Long-Term Outcome Following PDA Correction in an Adult Dog. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:848313. [PMID: 35359672 PMCID: PMC8963992 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.848313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A 9-year-old intact female Maltese dog was admitted for further evaluation of previously diagnosed patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). The dog showed severe coughing and exercise intolerance. On physical examination, a grade VI/VI continuous heart murmur was auscultated. Thoracic radiography demonstrated cardiomegaly, pulmonary overcirculation, and moderate bronchointerstitial pattern. Echocardiography revealed severe dilation of the left ventricle and atrium, decreased left ventricular contractility, and left-to-right PDA. On electrocardiography (ECG), R amplitude was increased. Computed tomographic angiography revealed type IIA PDA. The serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentration was >10,000 pmol/L. Transarterial occlusion was performed and the Amplatz® Canine Duct Occluder was successfully deployed. On echocardiography 48 h after the procedure, aortic regurgitation (AR) and residual ductal flow were noted. Long-term follow-up on clinical signs, physical examination, radiography, echocardiography, ECG, and serum NT-proBNP were evaluated until 30 months after correction of PDA. The clinical indices of physical examination, thoracic radiography, echocardiography, ECG, and serum NT-proBNP concentration were improved, although the postocclusion AR and residual ductal flow persisted. The dog followed up without clinical signs for 41 months following the correction. To our knowledge, this is the first case report to demonstrate quite a long time of follow-up (41 months) in an older dog with transarterial occlusion of PDA with postocclusion AR and residual flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woong-Bin Ro
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee-Myung Park
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Doo-Won Song
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heyong-Seok Kim
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ga-Won Lee
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Kang
- Royal Dog and Cat Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chan-Ho Jo
- Royal Dog and Cat Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Hee Kang
- Department of Bio-Animal Care, Jangan University, Hwaseong, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Min-Hee Kang
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Hildebrandt N, Stosic A, Henrich E, Wiedemann N, Wurtinger G, Schneider M. Transvenous embolization of moderate to large patent ductus arteriosus in dogs using the Amplatzer vascular plug II. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:20-28. [PMID: 34914141 PMCID: PMC8783350 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catheter-based occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) can be performed using different devices. Transvenous embolization using the Amplatzer vascular plug II (AVP-II) has been studied in humans, but it has not been described in dogs. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the feasibility and success of transvenous embolization of PDA using the AVP-II in dogs. ANIMALS Nineteen client-owned dogs with left-to-right shunting PDA, with minimal ductal diameter >2.5 mm. METHODS Prospective observational study using AVP-II with transvenous access for PDA closure in dogs. RESULTS Angiography showed a conical ductus with a long (n = 17) or short (n = 2) ampulla. The minimal diameter of the duct was 4.34 ± 1.11 mm, and the maximal diameter of the ampulla was 13.18 ± 3.47 mm. Technical success was achieved in 18 of the 19 (94.7%) patients after the first intervention and in all 19 (100%) patients after the second intervention. Postrelease angiography documented complete occlusion of the PDA in 10 of 19 (52.6%) dogs. Mild flow acceleration or stenosis of the left pulmonary artery was found in 6 and 1 of the 17 analyzed cases, respectively, by Doppler examination. The closure rate 24 hours after intervention was 94.7% (18/19). The remaining dog had a moderate residual shunt, and delayed complete closure after 3 months led to a 100% closure rate. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The AVP-II is a safe and effective device for transvenous embolization in dogs with moderate to large PDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Hildebrandt
- Small Animal Clinic (Internal Medicine)Justus‐Liebig Universität GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Andreas Stosic
- Small Animal Clinic (Internal Medicine)Justus‐Liebig Universität GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Estelle Henrich
- Small Animal Clinic (Internal Medicine)Justus‐Liebig Universität GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Nicola Wiedemann
- Small Animal Clinic (Internal Medicine)Justus‐Liebig Universität GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Gabriel Wurtinger
- Small Animal Clinic (Internal Medicine)Justus‐Liebig Universität GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Matthias Schneider
- Small Animal Clinic (Internal Medicine)Justus‐Liebig Universität GiessenGiessenGermany
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Kochi M, Sugimoto K, Inoue M, Aoki T. Late recanalization after complete occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus in a Pembroke Welsh Corgi with von Willebrand disease. Vet Med Sci 2021; 8:26-30. [PMID: 34538019 PMCID: PMC8788971 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A 36‐month‐old female Pembroke Welsh Corgi with a cardiac murmur weighing 12.6 kg was referred to the Matsubara Animal Hospital cardiology service. Echocardiography revealed a patent ductus arteriosus. The dog underwent ductus arteriosus closure using an Amplatz Canine Duct Occluder. After the operation, we suspected coagulation and a platelet disorder because of the slightly increased haemorrhage during the operation, postoperative purpura around the surgical wound inside of the thigh, and dog breed, which is known to be commonly affected with von Willebrand disease (vWD). Subsequently, type 1 vWD was confirmed. Complete occlusion was achieved 1 month after the operation; however, 2 months after the operation, recanalization appeared. Recanalization progressed gradually; cardiac redilation was not detected 6 years after the operation. The late recanalization was most likely associated with vWD. In canine breeds pre‐disposed to developing vWD, pre‐operative testing may be indicated prior to patent ductus arteriosus occlusion, though the prevalence of vWD is rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kochi
- Division of Cardiology, Matsubara Animal Hospital, Matsubara, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sugimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine 2, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Japan
| | - Michito Inoue
- Division of Cardiology, Matsubara Animal Hospital, Matsubara, Japan
| | - Takuma Aoki
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
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The use of Amplatzer vascular plug II in 32 consecutive dogs for transvenous occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus. J Vet Cardiol 2021; 41:88-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hulsman AH, Breur JMPJ, Szatmári V. Low profile vascular plug for transarterial occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus in small dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 35:98-106. [PMID: 33242371 PMCID: PMC7848328 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Minimally invasive transcatheter occlusion using Amplatz canine duct occluder (ACDO) is the treatment of choice for dogs with left‐to‐right shunting patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). However, in small dogs the femoral artery diameter is often too small to accommodate the guiding catheter required for ACDO deployment. Objective Describe the effectiveness of transarterial implantation of Amplatzer Vascular Plug 4 (AVP‐4), the only self‐expandable nitinol mesh occlusion device which can be implanted through a 4 French diagnostic catheter, in small dogs with left‐to‐right shunting PDA. Animals Seven client‐owned dogs. Methods Descriptive case series. Dogs with hemodynamically relevant left‐to‐right shunting PDA and a femoral artery diameter less than 2.0 mm measured preoperatively with ultrasonography were prospectively enrolled. Results Angiography after releasing the device showed complete immediate PDA closure in 5 dogs, where the manufacturers' recommendation were strictly followed (30%‐50% device oversizing of the ductal ampulla's diameter). Trivial residual flow on angiography in the 6th dog, whose device was slightly undersized, had resolved on echocardiography within 2 hours after placement. Marked device undersizing in the 7th dog resulted in severe residual shunting, which necessitated the addition of a coil. In this dog, the AVP‐4 embolized into the pulmonary artery within 2 weeks after placement. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Transarterial implantation of AVP‐4 is a safe, effective and technically easy procedure for PDA occlusion in small dogs and offers a valuable alternative to coil implantation. Accurate PDA measurement and device sizing is essential to prevent residual shunting, inadvertent device embolization, and protrusion of the device into the aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma H Hulsman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes M P J Breur
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Viktor Szatmári
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Winter RL, Remaks JD, Newhard DK. Development of Spontaneous Echocardiographic Contrast After Transarterial Occlusion of a Patent Ductus Arteriosus in an Adult Dog With Concurrent Pulmonary Hypertension. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:103. [PMID: 32175342 PMCID: PMC7054289 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An 8-year-old intact female Chihuahua was presented for evaluation and possible occlusion of a previously diagnosed patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Transthoracic echocardiography revealed left ventricular and left atrial enlargement, enlargement of the main pulmonary artery, and a PDA with bidirectional shunting. Tricuspid regurgitant velocities suggested moderate pulmonary hypertension. The PDA was occluded with an Amplatz® Canine Duct Occluder using a transarterial approach on the following day. No immediate complications were observed other than an acute decrease in left ventricular systolic function. One day after the PDA occlusion transthoracic echocardiography revealed no residual ductal flow, but there was spontaneous echocardiographic contrast in the left ventricle. The patient was discharged with sildenafil, pimobendan, and clopidogrel. Five weeks later when the patient was presented for a recheck examination, the previously documented spontaneous echocardiographic contrast was no longer present. Finding spontaneous echocardiographic contrast in the dog has not previously been reported in association with PDA occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randolph L Winter
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Julia D Remaks
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Daniel K Newhard
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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Claretti M, Lopez BS, Boz E, Martelli F, Pradelli D, Bussadori CM. Complications during catheter-mediated patent ductus arteriosus closure and pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty. J Small Anim Pract 2019; 60:607-615. [PMID: 31280488 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate and illustrate complications of cardiac catheterisation and the associated risk factors of the most common cardiac intervention procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective study of clinical records of client-owned dogs presented to a cardiology referral centre between January 2006 and December 2017. RESULTS Five hundred and twenty-four dogs were included, 62 of which had complications. Complications were divided into technical complications and those due to unexpected additional anatomical abnormalities. Seven procedures (1.33%) were interrupted; five dogs (0.95%) subsequently underwent surgery, and four dogs died during the interventional procedure, indicating a mortality rate of 0.76% CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: There is a low risk of complications following closure of patent ductus arteriosus or pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty when carried out by a trained team using standardised procedures in a referral centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Claretti
- Department of Cardiology, Clinica Veterinaria Gran Sasso, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - B S Lopez
- Department of Cardiology, Clinica Veterinaria Gran Sasso, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - E Boz
- Department of Cardiology, Clinica Veterinaria Gran Sasso, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - F Martelli
- Department of Cardiology, Clinica Veterinaria Gran Sasso, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - D Pradelli
- Department of Cardiology, Clinica Veterinaria Gran Sasso, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - C M Bussadori
- Department of Cardiology, Clinica Veterinaria Gran Sasso, 20131, Milan, Italy
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Lavennes M, Chetboul V, Passavin P, Gouni V, Damoiseaux C, Poissonnier C, Carazo Arias L, Alvarado M, Morlet A, Chevènement O, Behr L, Borenstein N. Successful transcatheter retrieval of embolized Amplatz Canine Duct Occluders in two dogs. J Vet Cardiol 2018; 20:451-457. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Doocy KR, Saunders AB, Gordon SG, Jeffery N. Comparative, multidimensional imaging of patent ductus arteriosus and a proposed update to the morphology classification system for dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:648-657. [PMID: 29460426 PMCID: PMC5866990 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accurately assessing the morphology and shape of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and obtaining measurements are important to avoid procedural complications. Objectives To characterize and compare PDA morphology, shape, and dimensions with angiography and echocardiography. Animals 25 client‐owned dogs with echocardiographically confirmed PDA. Methods Prospective case series. Imaging consisted of single plane angiography, transthoracic echocardiography from the right (TTE‐R) and left (TTE‐L), and two‐dimensional, biplane, and three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (TEE‐2D and TEE‐3D). Measurements included angiographic minimal ductal diameter (MDD), echocardiographic pulmonary ostium in a single dimension (TTE‐R, TTE‐L, and TEE‐2D) and in perpendicular dimensions (TEE‐3D) with similar measurements of the ampulla 3 mm above the MDD or pulmonary ostium. The morphology and shape of the PDA were characterized. Results Catheter‐based occlusion (N = 20) and surgical ligation (N = 5) were performed without complication. Angiographic morphology was classified as type II (N = 19), type III (N = 1), and other (N = 1). Angiographic MDD and TEE‐2D pulmonary ostium measurements were significantly (P = .008) but weakly correlated (r = .56); similar relationships were found for ampulla diameter measurements (P < .0001; r = .75). In general, TEE‐2D did not correlate with other imaging modalities measurements. Based on TEE‐3D measurements, the majority of pulmonary ostium (17/24; 71%) and ampulla (19/24; 79%) were oval. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Measurements using different imaging modalities are not interchangeable. TEE‐3D provided an en face view of the PDA that cannot be replicated with other echocardiographic techniques and demonstrated an oval shape in the majority of dogs. We propose an update to the current classification system to include additional PDA morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley R Doocy
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Ashley B Saunders
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Sonya G Gordon
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Nicholas Jeffery
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Wesselowski S, Saunders AB, Gordon SG. Relationship between Device Size and Body Weight in Dogs with Patent Ductus Arteriosus Undergoing Amplatz Canine Duct Occluder Deployment. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:1388-1391. [PMID: 28782853 PMCID: PMC5598890 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Deployment of the Amplatz Canine Duct Occluder (ACDO) is the preferred method for minimally invasive occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in dogs, with appropriate device sizing crucial to successful closure. Dogs of any body weight can be affected by PDA. Objectives To describe the range of ACDO sizes deployed in dogs of various body weights for improved procedural planning and inventory selection and to investigate for correlation between minimal ductal diameter (MDD) and body weight. Animals A total of 152 dogs undergoing ACDO deployment between 2008 and 2016. Methods Body weight, age, breed, sex, and MDD obtained by angiography (MDD‐A), MDD obtained by transesophageal echocardiography (MDD‐TEE), and ACDO size deployed were retrospectively evaluated. Results Correlation between body weight and ACDO size, MDD‐A and MDD‐TEE was poor, with R‐squared values of 0.4, 0.36, and 0.3, respectively. Femoral artery diameter in the smallest population of dogs placed inherent limitations on the use of larger device sizes, with no limitations on the wide range of device sizes required as patient size increased. The most commonly used ACDO devices were size 3 through 6, representing 57% of the devices deployed within the entire study population. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Patent ductus arteriosus anatomy varies on an individual basis, with poor correlation between MDD and body weight. Weight‐based assumptions about expected ACDO device size for a given patient are not recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wesselowski
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - A B Saunders
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - S G Gordon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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Chapel EC, Lozier J, Lakritz J, Schober KE. Interventional Closure of a Patent Ductus Arteriosus Using an Amplatz Canine Duct Occluder in an Alpaca Cria. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:1221-1224. [PMID: 28544057 PMCID: PMC5508309 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A 6‐month old female alpaca cria presented to The Ohio State University for evaluation of a cardiac murmur. Echocardiography revealed a left‐to‐right shunting patent ductus arteriosus, a restrictive left‐to‐right shunting perimembranous ventricular septal defect, and secondary moderate left atrial and ventricular dilation. Aortic root angiography demonstrated a type IIA patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Interventional closure of the PDA was successfully performed, without complication, using an Amplatz canine duct occluder. This case report describes the materials and methods used for interventional closure of a PDA in an alpaca cria.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Chapel
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - J Lozier
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - J Lakritz
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - K E Schober
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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Alternative methods for the measurement of the minimal ductal diameter of a patent ductus arteriosus in a dog. J Vet Cardiol 2016; 18:372-376. [PMID: 27665538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A two and half-year-old, 24 kg, spayed female German Shepherd was presented for evaluation of a suspected patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Transthoracic echocardiographic examination confirmed a left to right shunting PDA. Closure of the PDA was recommended, and the owners elected to have minimally invasive transcatheter closure of the PDA performed. Standard ductal angiography failed to provide adequate measurements of the minimal ductal diameter (MDD). Alternative methods of measuring the MDD using an angiography catheter and a balloon catheter were performed. The PDA was occluded using an Amplatz® Canine Ductal Occluder without complication. Further evaluation of these techniques is needed to determine the accuracy, overall clinical efficacy, and safety of using alternative methods for the measurement of the MDD of a PDA.
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Porciello F, Caivano D, Giorgi ME, Knafelz P, Rishniw M, Moise NS, Bufalari A, Fruganti A, Birettoni F. Transesophageal echocardiography as the sole guidance for occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus using a canine ductal occluder in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28:1504-12. [PMID: 25041218 PMCID: PMC4895578 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transcatheter occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is usually performed by fluoroscopy alone or together with transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) guidance has been used for deployment of Amplatz Canine Ductal Occluder (ACDO), but sometimes is limited by suboptimal acoustic windows. Transesophageal echocardiography can overcome such issues and provides higher image resolution at the level of the great vessels. Objectives To determine if TEE without fluoroscopy could be used to successfully perform ductal occlusion for the treatment of PDA in dogs. Animals Twenty client‐owned dogs with PDA. Methods A prospective consecutive case series of PDA occlusion was performed using only TEE guidance. Dogs were positioned in right lateral recumbency and the TEE probe was positioned to visualize the descending aorta, PDA, and pulmonary artery. The guide wire, long introducer sheath, and ACDO were imaged by TEE to direct deployment. Results Ductal occlusion was performed successfully without need for fluoroscopy and without complications in 19 dogs. One dog required a second larger ACDO because of embolization of the first device 18 hours after positioning. Conclusions and Clinical Importance We have demonstrated that TEE monitoring without concurrent fluoroscopy can guide each step of transcatheter ACDO embolization thereby providing an alternate method of visualization for this procedure. Use of TEE alone can reduce radiation exposure or is an option when fluoroscopy is not available, and, therefore, should be evaluated in a larger case series to better assess procedural failure rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Porciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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