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Higgins MCSS, Diamond M, Mauro DM, Kapoor BS, Steigner ML, Fidelman N, Aghayev A, Chamarthy MRK, Dedier J, Dillavou ED, Felder M, Lew SQ, Lockhart ME, Siracuse JJ, Dill KE, Hohenwalter EJ. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Dialysis Fistula Malfunction. J Am Coll Radiol 2023; 20:S382-S412. [PMID: 38040461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2023.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The creation and maintenance of a dialysis access is vital for the reduction of morbidity, mortality, and cost of treatment for end stage renal disease patients. One's longevity on dialysis is directly dependent upon the quality of dialysis. This quality hinges on the integrity and reliability of the access to the patient's vascular system. All methods of dialysis access will eventually result in dialysis dysfunction and failure. Arteriovenous access dysfunction includes 3 distinct classes of events, namely thrombotic flow-related complications or dysfunction, nonthrombotic flow-related complications or dysfunction, and infectious complications. The restoration of any form of arteriovenous access dysfunction may be supported by diagnostic imaging, clinical consultation, percutaneous interventional procedures, surgical management, or a combination of these methods. This document provides a rigorous evaluation of how variants of each form of dysfunction may be appraised and approached systematically. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision process support the systematic analysis of the medical literature from peer reviewed journals. Established methodology principles such as Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation or GRADE are adapted to evaluate the evidence. The RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method User Manual provides the methodology to determine the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances where peer reviewed literature is lacking or equivocal, experts may be the primary evidentiary source available to formulate a recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Diamond
- Research Author, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David M Mauro
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | | | - Nicholas Fidelman
- Panel Vice-Chair, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Ayaz Aghayev
- Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Murthy R K Chamarthy
- Vascular Institute of North Texas, Dallas, Texas; Commission on Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
| | - Julien Dedier
- Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, Primary care physician
| | - Ellen D Dillavou
- WakeMed Hospital System, Raleigh, North Carolina; Society for Vascular Surgery
| | - Mila Felder
- Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn, Illinois; American College of Emergency Physicians
| | - Susie Q Lew
- George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia; American Society of Nephrology
| | | | - Jeffrey J Siracuse
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Society for Vascular Surgery
| | - Karin E Dill
- Specialty Chair, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Eric J Hohenwalter
- Specialty Chair, Froedtert & The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Gusev MV, Mannoia KA, Patel ST. Rapid progression of finger gangrene in a hemodialysis patient: A case report. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2023; 11:2050313X231207710. [PMID: 37904785 PMCID: PMC10613399 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x231207710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe hemodialysis access-induced distal ischemia is an uncommon complication after arteriovenous fistula creation. Finger amputation is rare and generally does not involve the entirety of the digit. The distal revascularization interval ligation procedure has become less commonly used for hemodialysis access-induced distal ischemia over the past decade. The procedure typically requires general anesthesia, greater saphenous vein harvest, and brachial artery ligation. We describe a 64-year-old female with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis via a well-functioning brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula who developed rapid progression of finger gangrene. She underwent the distal revascularization interval ligation procedure, followed by finger amputations. The finger amputations healed within 6 months of the distal revascularization interval ligation procedure and the fistula was preserved at 2-year follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim V Gusev
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Kristyn A Mannoia
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Sheela T Patel
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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Stoecker JB, Li X, Clark TWI, Mantell MP, Trerotola SO, Vance AZ. Dialysis Access-Associated Steal Syndrome and Management. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2023; 46:1168-1181. [PMID: 37225970 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-023-03462-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Dialysis-associated steal syndrome (DASS) occurs in 1-8% of hemodialysis patients with arteriovenous (AV) access. Major risk factors include use of the brachial artery for access creation, female sex, diabetes, and age > 60 years. DASS carries severe patient morbidity including tissue or limb loss if not recognized and managed promptly, as well as increased mortality. Diagnosis of DASS requires a directed history and physical exam supported by non-invasive testing. Prior to definitive therapy, detailed arteriography, fistulography, and flow measurements are performed to delineate underlying etiologies and guide management. To optimize success, DASS treatment should be individualized according to access location, underlying vascular disease, flow dynamics, and provider expertise. Possible causes of DASS include extremity inflow or outflow arterial occlusive disease, high AV access flow rate, and reversal of distal extremity arterial blood flow; DASS may also exist without any of the prior features. Depending on the DASS etiology, various endovascular and/or surgical interventions should be considered. Regardless, in the majority of patients presenting with DASS, access preservation can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan B Stoecker
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy W I Clark
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, 4 Wright Saunders Building, 51 N. 39th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mark P Mantell
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott O Trerotola
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ansar Z Vance
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, 4 Wright Saunders Building, 51 N. 39th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Prasad R, Israrahmed A, Yadav RR, Singh S, Behra MR, Khuswaha RS, Prasad N, Lal H. Endovascular Embolization in Problematic Hemodialysis Arteriovenous Fistulas: A Nonsurgical Technique. Indian J Nephrol 2021; 31:516-523. [PMID: 35068757 PMCID: PMC8722546 DOI: 10.4103/ijn.ijn_84_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In the past, surgical techniques were considered gold standard practice for obliterating the accessory veins, reducing the flow across the high flowing arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs), or for closing the problematic hemodialysis AVFs. However, recently endovascular embolization has emerged as a safe and cost-effective alternative to these surgical techniques. In this study, technical and clinical success, and safety of endovascular embolization have been evaluated for accessory vein obliteration, flow reduction, and fistula closure in problematic AVFs using various embolizing agents. Methods: This is a retrospective study of patients with problematic hemodialysis AVFs, who underwent endovascular embolization for accessory vein obliteration, flow reduction, and AVF closure at our center from February 2017 to January 2019 with various embolic agents like vascular plugs (VP), thrombin, coils, and glue. Follow-up was done at 1 week, 3 months, 6 months, and annually thereafter. Results: In this study 30 patients with problematic hemodialysis AVFs [Left brachiocephalic fistula (BCF) (n = 22), right BCF (n = 4), and left radiocephalic fistula (RCF) (n = 4)], underwent endovascular embolization for accessory vein obliteration (n = 6), flow reduction (n = 3), and AVF closure (n = 21). Of the 6 patients undergoing embolization for obliteration of accessory collateral, 4 patients had nonmaturing AVFs and 2 patients had symptoms of venous hypertension (VH). Post embolization, all 4 AVFs matured over a month and symptoms of VH completely resolved within a week. Three patients who underwent embolization for flow reduction had patent AVF (on doppler) post procedure and they achieved adequate flow during dialysis with complete resolution of symptoms of VH. Out of 21 patients, who underwent endovascular closure, complete AVF thrombosis was seen in 18 patients only with the use of VP, while 4 patients required additional procedure to achieve complete thrombosis of AVF. Conclusion: Endovascular embolization in problematic hemodialysis AVF is a safe and cost-effective alternative to open surgical methods and vascular plug could be embolic agent of choice for AVF closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghunandan Prasad
- Department of Radio Diagnosis, Sanjay Gandhi Post graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amrin Israrahmed
- Department of Radio Diagnosis, Sanjay Gandhi Post graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajanikant R Yadav
- Department of Radio Diagnosis, Sanjay Gandhi Post graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Somesh Singh
- Department of Radio Diagnosis, Sanjay Gandhi Post graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manas Ranjan Behra
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Post graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Shankar Khuswaha
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Post graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Narayan Prasad
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Post graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hira Lal
- Department of Radio Diagnosis, Sanjay Gandhi Post graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Fitzpatrick G, Kiely P, Jeong B, Macaulay E. Does a failed DRIL mean the end for a fistula? A case report in the use of an Amplatzer plug post DRIL procedure for ongoing steal syndrome. J Vasc Access 2021; 23:813-815. [PMID: 33818181 DOI: 10.1177/11297298211006992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dialysis access steal syndrome is a well-recognised complication, affecting 1%-8% of all patients who undergo arteriovenous fistula formation particularly those that are brachial based. We present a case of ongoing steal syndrome following a DRIL procedure via retrograde flow in the ulnar artery. This was managed via a hybrid procedure and the use of an Amplatzer plug. This case demonstrates a novel use for the Amplatzer occlusion device, it is also a reminder that failure to occlude the vessel close to the fistula anastomosis can result in continued steal despite a functioning DRIL bypass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Fitzpatrick
- Vascular Surgery Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Philip Kiely
- Vascular Surgery Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Bora Jeong
- Vascular Surgery Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ewan Macaulay
- Vascular Surgery Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Filippo MD, Barbarisi D, Ferrara D, Brancaccio S, Del Guercio L, Bracale R, Capuano A, Esposito G, Bracale UM. Hemodialysis Arteriovenous Access Occlusion Using the Amplatzer Vascular Plug in Patients with Intractable Arm Edema. Case Rep Nephrol Dial 2017; 7:63-72. [PMID: 28868296 PMCID: PMC5566693 DOI: 10.1159/000477663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Vascular occlusion of hemodialysis arteriovenous access (AVA) using an Amplatzer vascular plug (AVP; St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, MN, USA) is an arising and alternative practice in selected patients; however, few reported cases can be found in the literature. Herein, we report on our experience with endovascular treatment of complicated AVA. Materials and Methods From September 2015 to December 2016, 3 patients at our clinic underwent an occlusion of hemodialysis AVA with 2 different Amplatzer vascular plugs: 2 patients with type II and 1 patient with type IV. Of these, 1 patient was treated for an autologous radiocephalic fistula, the second patient was treated for an autologous brachiocephalic fistula located at the elbow, and the third was, instead, treated for a radiocephalic forearm fistula. The reason for closing the AVA in all patients was due to the presence of dialysis-associated steal syndrome with critical hand ischemia and intractable ipsilateral edema. Results All AVAs were treated using an AVP. No plug migration, access revascularization, persistent ischemia, nor other complications were observed. Conclusion This report suggests that the use of AVP for embolization of complicated AVA is a safe and reasonable alternative to open surgery in selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Di Filippo
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Unit, Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Danilo Barbarisi
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Unit, Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Doriana Ferrara
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Unit, Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Brancaccio
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Del Guercio
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Unit, Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Renata Bracale
- Department of Medicine and Health Science, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Alfredo Capuano
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Marcello Bracale
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Unit, Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Lopera JE. The Amplatzer Vascular Plug: Review of Evolution and Current Applications. Semin Intervent Radiol 2015; 32:356-69. [PMID: 26622098 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1564810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Amplatzer Vascular Plug (AVP) was created for peripheral embolization as a modification of the family of Amplatz septal occluders used in the treatment of congenital heart malformations. The device has evolved over the years and multiple versions have been launched into the market. Each of the versions of the device has some important modifications in terms of the size of the introducer's system, number of layers, and resultant thrombogenicity. It is very important for the operator to become familiar with the unique features of the AVP, and to understand the advantages and limitations of each model in the AVP family to achieve an optimal embolic result. The purpose of this article is to review the evolution and current clinical applications of the AVP in the field of interventional radiology, with emphasis on the advantages and limitations of this device in comparison with other embolization agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge E Lopera
- Department of Radiology, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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Use of the Amplatzer Type 2 Plug for Flow Redirection in Failing Autogenous Hemodialysis Fistulae. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2014; 38:887-93. [PMID: 25465063 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-014-1030-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To present our experience with redirecting the outflow of mature arteriovenous fistulae (AVFs) in patients with cannulation and/or suboptimal flow problems by percutaneous intervention using the Amplatzer Vascular Plug II (AVP II). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed patients who presented with difficulty in cannulation and/or suboptimal flow in the puncture zone of the AVF and who underwent intervention using the AVP II to redirect the outflow through a better cannulation zone from March 2009 to November 2012. The mean survival rate of all AVFs was estimated, and the effects of patient age, sex, and AVF age on the AVF survival time were determined. RESULTS In total, 31 patients (17 male and 14 female) with a mean age of 57.8 years (range, 20-79 years) were included. In 2 patients, the AVF failed within the first 15 days because of rapid thrombosis. In 9 patients, the new AVF route was working effectively until unsalvageable thrombosis developed. One of the 31 patients died 9 months before the last radiologic evaluation. The new AVF route was still being used for dialysis in the remaining 19 patients. The mean AVF survival rate was 1,061.4 ± 139.4 days (range, 788-1,334 days). Patient age, sex, and AVF age did not affect the survival time. CONCLUSION We suggest that the AVP II is useful for redirecting the outflow of AVFs with cannulation problems and suboptimal flow. Patency of existing AVFs may be extended, thereby extending surgery-free or catheter intervention-free survival period.
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Bourquelot P, Karam L, Raynaud A, Beyssen B, Ricco JB. Amplatzer vascular plug for occlusion or flow reduction of hemodialysis arteriovenous access. J Vasc Surg 2014; 59:260-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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The Amplatzer Vascular Plug: A Review of the Device and its Clinical Applications. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2012; 35:725-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s00270-012-0387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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