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Santana JG, Shewarega A, Nam D, Kahl V, Madoff DC, Zhang X, Chapiro J. Experimental VX2 Rabbit Liver Tumor Model in Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Cirrhosis of the Liver. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2023; 34:404-408.e1. [PMID: 36473611 PMCID: PMC11037556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is a major underlying factor in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, there is an unmet need for midsize experimental vertebrate models that would offer reproducible implantable liver tumors in a cirrhotic liver background. This study establishes a protocol for a syngeneic rabbit model of VX2 liver cancer with underlying liver cirrhosis induced using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Male New Zealand white rabbits (n = 3) received CCl4 by intragastric administration once weekly. Concentrations started at 5% v/v CCl4 dissolved in olive oil. CCl4 dosing was progressively increased every week by 2.5% v/v increments for the duration of treatment (16 weeks total). VX2 tumors were then orthotopically implanted into the left hepatic lobe and allowed to grow for 3 weeks. Cross-sectional imaging confirmed the presence of hepatic tumors. Gross and histopathological evaluations showed reproducible tumor growth in the presence of liver cirrhosis in all animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica G Santana
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Annabella Shewarega
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Nam
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Vinzent Kahl
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - David C Madoff
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Xuchen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Julius Chapiro
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
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2
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Pirasteh A, Periyasamy S, Meudt JJ, Liu Y, Lee LM, Schachtschneider KM, Schook LB, Gaba RC, Mao L, Said A, McMillan AB, Laeseke PF, Shanmuganayagam D. Staging Liver Fibrosis by Fibroblast Activation Protein Inhibitor PET in a Human-Sized Swine Model. J Nucl Med 2022; 63:1956-1961. [PMID: 35450958 PMCID: PMC9730920 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.263736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Current methods of staging liver fibrosis have notable limitations. We investigated the utility of PET in staging liver fibrosis by correlating liver uptake of 68Ga-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) with histology in a human-sized swine model. Methods: Five pigs underwent baseline 68Ga-FAPI-46 (68Ga-FAPI) PET/MRI and liver biopsy, followed by liver parenchymal embolization, 8 wk of oral alcohol intake, endpoint 68Ga-FAPI PET/MRI, and necropsy. Regions of interest were drawn on baseline and endpoint PET images, and SUVmean was recorded. At the endpoint, liver sections corresponding to regions of interest were identified and cut out. Fibrosis was histologically evaluated using a modified METAVIR score for swine liver and quantitatively using collagen proportionate area (CPA). Box-and-whisker plots and linear regression were used to correlate SUVmean with METAVIR score and CPA, respectively. Results: Liver 68Ga-FAPI uptake strongly correlated with CPA (r = 0.89, P < 0.001). 68Ga-FAPI uptake was significantly and progressively higher across F2 and F3/F4 fibrosis stages, with a respective median SUVmean of 2.9 (interquartile range [IQR], 2.7-3.8) and 7.6 (IQR, 6.7-10.2) (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between 68Ga-FAPI uptake of baseline liver and endpoint liver sections staged as F0/F1, with a respective median SUVmean of 1.7 (IQR, 1.3-2.0) and 1.7 (IQR, 1.5-1.8) (P = 0.338). Conclusion: The strong correlation between liver 68Ga-FAPI uptake and the histologic stage of liver fibrosis suggests that 68Ga-FAPI PET can play an impactful role in noninvasive staging of liver fibrosis, pending validation in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Pirasteh
- Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Sarvesh Periyasamy
- Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jennifer Jean Meudt
- Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Laura M. Lee
- Research Animal Resources and Compliance, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kyle M. Schachtschneider
- Radiology and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;,National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Champaign, Illinois
| | - Lawrence B. Schook
- Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;,Radiology/Interventional Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ron C. Gaba
- Radiology/Interventional Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lu Mao
- Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Adnan Said
- Medicine, Gastroenterology, and Hepatology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin;,William S. Middleton VA Medical Center, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Alan Blair McMillan
- Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Paul F. Laeseke
- Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Dhanansayan Shanmuganayagam
- Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin;,Surgery, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; and,Center for Biomedical Swine Research and Innovation, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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3
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Nicolas CT, VanLith CJ, Hickey RD, Du Z, Hillin LG, Guthman RM, Cao WJ, Haugo B, Lillegard A, Roy D, Bhagwate A, O'Brien D, Kocher JP, Kaiser RA, Russell SJ, Lillegard JB. In vivo lentiviral vector gene therapy to cure hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 and prevent development of precancerous and cancerous lesions. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5012. [PMID: 36008405 PMCID: PMC9411607 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32576-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional therapy for hereditary tyrosinemia type-1 (HT1) with 2-(2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl)−1,3-cyclohexanedione (NTBC) delays and in some cases fails to prevent disease progression to liver fibrosis, liver failure, and activation of tumorigenic pathways. Here we demonstrate cure of HT1 by direct, in vivo administration of a therapeutic lentiviral vector targeting the expression of a human fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) transgene in the porcine model of HT1. This therapy is well tolerated and provides stable long-term expression of FAH in pigs with HT1. Genomic integration displays a benign profile, with subsequent fibrosis and tumorigenicity gene expression patterns similar to wild-type animals as compared to NTBC-treated or diseased untreated animals. Indeed, the phenotypic and genomic data following in vivo lentiviral vector administration demonstrate comparative superiority over other therapies including ex vivo cell therapy and therefore support clinical application of this approach. Hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT1) is an inborn error of metabolism caused by a deficiency in fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH). Here, the authors show in an animal model that HT1 can be treated via in vivo portal vein administration of a lentiviral vector carrying the human FAH transgene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara T Nicolas
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Surgery, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Raymond D Hickey
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Zeji Du
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lori G Hillin
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rebekah M Guthman
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Medical College of Wisconsin, Wausau, WI, USA
| | - William J Cao
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Diya Roy
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Aditya Bhagwate
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daniel O'Brien
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Kocher
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robert A Kaiser
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Midwest Fetal Care Center, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Joseph B Lillegard
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Midwest Fetal Care Center, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. .,Pediatric Surgical Associates, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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4
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Faccioli LA, Dias ML, Paranhos BA, dos Santos Goldenberg RC. Liver cirrhosis: An overview of experimental models in rodents. Life Sci 2022; 301:120615. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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5
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Han QJ, Mu YL, Zhao HJ, Zhao RR, Guo QJ, Su YH, Zhang J. Fasudil prevents liver fibrosis via activating natural killer cells and suppressing hepatic stellate cells. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:3581-3594. [PMID: 34239271 PMCID: PMC8240055 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i24.3581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fasudil, as a Ras homology family member A (RhoA) kinase inhibitor, is used to improve brain microcirculation and promote nerve regeneration clinically. Increasing evidence shows that Rho-kinase inhibition could improve liver fibrosis.
AIM To evaluate the anti-fibrotic effects of Fasudil in a mouse model of liver fibrosis induced by thioacetamide (TAA).
METHODS C57BL/6 mice were administered TAA once every 3 d for 12 times. At 1 wk after induction with TAA, Fasudil was intraperitoneally injected once a day for 3 wk, followed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, sirius red staining, western blotting, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and immune cell activation was assayed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Furthermore, the effects of Fasudil on hepatic stellate cells and natural killer (NK) cells were assayed in vitro.
RESULTS First, we found that TAA-induced liver injury was protected, and the positive area of sirius red staining and type I collagen deposition were significantly decreased by Fasudil treatment. Furthermore, western blot and qPCR assays showed that the levels of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) were inhibited by Fasudil. Moreover, flow cytometry analysis revealed that NK cells were activated by Fasudil treatment in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, Fasudil directly promoted the apoptosis and inhibited the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells by decreasing α-SMA and TGF-β1.
CONCLUSION Fasudil inhibits liver fibrosis by activating NK cells and blocking hepatic stellate cell activation, thereby providing a feasible solution for the clinical treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Ju Han
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yong-Liang Mu
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hua-Jun Zhao
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Rong-Rong Zhao
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Quan-Juan Guo
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yu-Hang Su
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
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6
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Segatto NV, Bender CB, Seixas FK, Schachtschneider K, Schook L, Robertson N, Qazi A, Carlino M, Jordan L, Bolt C, Collares T. Perspective: Humanized Pig Models of Bladder Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:681044. [PMID: 34079821 PMCID: PMC8165235 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.681044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the 10th most common neoplasia worldwide and holds expensive treatment costs due to its high recurrence rates, resistance to therapy and the need for lifelong surveillance. Thus, it is necessary to improve the current therapy options and identify more effective treatments for BC. Biological models capable of recapitulating the characteristics of human BC pathology are essential in evaluating the effectiveness of new therapies. Currently, the most commonly used BC models are experimentally induced murine models and spontaneous canine models, which are either insufficient due to their small size and inability to translate results to clinical basis (murine models) or rarely spontaneously observed BC (canine models). Pigs represent a potentially useful animal for the development of personalized tumors due to their size, anatomy, physiology, metabolism, immunity, and genetics similar to humans and the ability to experimentally induce tumors. Pigs have emerged as suitable biomedical models for several human diseases. In this sense, the present perspective focuses on the genetic basis for BC; presents current BC animal models available along with their limitations; and proposes the pig as an adequate animal to develop humanized large animal models of BC. Genetic alterations commonly found in human BC can be explored to create genetically defined porcine models, including the BC driver mutations observed in the FGFR3, PIK3CA, PTEN, RB1, HRAS, and TP53 genes. The development of such robust models for BC has great value in the study of pathology and the screening of new therapeutic and diagnostic approaches to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Vieira Segatto
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Cancer Biotechnology Laboratory, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Camila Bonemann Bender
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Cancer Biotechnology Laboratory, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Kommling Seixas
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Cancer Biotechnology Laboratory, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Kyle Schachtschneider
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Lawrence Schook
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | | | - Aisha Qazi
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Maximillian Carlino
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Luke Jordan
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Courtni Bolt
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Tiago Collares
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Cancer Biotechnology Laboratory, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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7
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Yasmin A, Regan DP, Schook LB, Gaba RC, Schachtschneider KM. Transcriptional regulation of alcohol induced liver fibrosis in a translational porcine hepatocellular carcinoma model. Biochimie 2021; 182:73-84. [PMID: 33444661 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the 5th most common and 2nd deadliest cancer worldwide. HCC risk factors include alcohol induced liver cirrhosis, which prompts hepatic inflammation, cell necrosis, and fibrosis deposition. As 25% of HCC cases are associated with alcohol induced liver disease, understanding the effects of the cirrhotic liver microenvironment on HCC tumor biology and therapeutic responses are critical. This study utilized the Oncopig Cancer Model-a transgenic pig model that recapitulates human HCC through induced expression of KRASG12D and TP53R167H driver mutations-to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying alcohol induced liver disease. Oncopigs (n = 5) underwent fibrosis induction via infusion of ethanol and ethiodized oil (1:3 v/v dosed at 0.75 mL/kg) into the hepatic arterial circulation. Eight-weeks post induction, liver tissue samples from fibrotic and age-matched control (n = 5) Oncopigs were collected for histological evaluation and transcriptional profiling. Increased hepatic inflammation and fibrosis was observed in fibrotic Oncopigs via pathological assessment. Transcriptional profiling (RNA-seq) resulted in the identification of 4387 differentially expressed genes between Oncopig fibrotic and control livers. GO term enrichment analysis identified pathway alterations associated with cirrhosis progression in humans, including cell proliferation, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix deposition, and oxidation-reduction. Key alterations include activation of hepatic stellate cells, increased matrix metalloproteinase production, and altered expression of ABC and SLC transporter genes involved in transport of anticancer drugs.These results demonstrate Oncopig liver fibrosis recapitulates transcriptional hallmarks of human cirrhosis, making the Oncopig an ideal model for studying the effects of the cirrhotic liver microenvironment on HCC tumor biology and therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvi Yasmin
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
| | - Daniel P Regan
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, United States
| | - Lawrence B Schook
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States; National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Ron C Gaba
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
| | - Kyle M Schachtschneider
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States; National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States.
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8
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Gaba RC, Elkhadragy L, Boas FE, Chaki S, Chen HH, El-Kebir M, Garcia KD, Giurini EF, Guzman G, LoBianco FV, Neto MF, Newson JL, Qazi A, Regan M, Rund LA, Schwind RM, Stewart MC, Thomas FM, Whiteley HE, Wu J, Schook LB, Schachtschneider KM. Development and comprehensive characterization of porcine hepatocellular carcinoma for translational liver cancer investigation. Oncotarget 2020; 11:2686-2701. [PMID: 32733642 PMCID: PMC7367657 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. New animal models that faithfully recapitulate human HCC phenotypes are required to address unmet clinical needs and advance standard-of-care therapeutics. This study utilized the Oncopig Cancer Model to develop a translational porcine HCC model which can serve as a bridge between murine studies and human clinical practice. Reliable development of Oncopig HCC cell lines was demonstrated through hepatocyte isolation and Cre recombinase exposure across 15 Oncopigs. Oncopig and human HCC cell lines displayed similar cell cycle lengths, alpha-fetoprotein production, arginase-1 staining, chemosusceptibility, and drug metabolizing enzyme expression. The ability of Oncopig HCC cells to consistently produce tumors in vivo was confirmed via subcutaneous (SQ) injection into immunodeficient mice and Oncopigs. Reproducible development of intrahepatic tumors in an alcohol-induced fibrotic microenvironment was achieved via engraftment of SQ tumors into fibrotic Oncopig livers. Whole-genome sequencing demontrated intrahepatic tumor tissue resembled human HCC at the genomic level. Finally, Oncopig HCC cells are amenable to gene editing for development of personalized HCC tumors. This study provides a novel, clinically-relevant porcine HCC model which holds great promise for improving HCC outcomes through testing of novel therapeutic approaches to accelerate and enhance clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron C Gaba
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lobna Elkhadragy
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - F Edward Boas
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Sulalita Chaki
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hanna H Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mohammed El-Kebir
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kelly D Garcia
- Biological Resources Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eileena F Giurini
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Grace Guzman
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Francesca V LoBianco
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Mario F Neto
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jordan L Newson
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aisha Qazi
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Maureen Regan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lauretta A Rund
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Regina M Schwind
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew C Stewart
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Faith M Thomas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Herbert E Whiteley
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Lawrence B Schook
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kyle M Schachtschneider
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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9
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Robertson N, Schook LB, Schachtschneider KM. Porcine cancer models: potential tools to enhance cancer drug trials. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:893-902. [PMID: 32378979 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1757644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The amount of time and money invested into cancer drug research, development, and clinical trials has continually increased over the past few decades. Despite record high cancer drug approval rates, cancer remains a leading cause of death. This suggests the need for more effective tools to help bring novel therapies to clinical practice in a timely manner. AREAS COVERED In this review, current issues associated with clinical trials are discussed, specifically focusing on poor accrual rates and time for trial completion. In addition, details regarding preclinical studies required before advancing to clinical trials are discussed, including advantages and limitations of current preclinical animal cancer models and their relevance to human cancer trials. Finally, new translational porcine cancer models (Oncopig Cancer Model (OCM)) are presented as potential co-clinical trial models. EXPERT OPINION In order to address issues impacting the poor success rate of oncology clinical trials, we propose the incorporation of the transformative OCM 'co-clinical trial' pathway into the cancer drug approval process. Due to the Oncopig's high homology to humans and similar tumor phenotypes, their utilization can provide improved preclinical prediction of both drug safety and efficacy prior to investing significant time and money in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Robertson
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lawrence B Schook
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kyle M Schachtschneider
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
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10
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The Promise of Improving Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment Responses through Translational Device Testing. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020; 31:492-493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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