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Taneva SG, Todinova S, Andreeva T. Morphometric and Nanomechanical Screening of Peripheral Blood Cells with Atomic Force Microscopy for Label-Free Assessment of Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14296. [PMID: 37762599 PMCID: PMC10531602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) are complex, multifactorial disorders with significant social and economic impact in today's society. NDDs are predicted to become the second-most common cause of death in the next few decades due to an increase in life expectancy but also to a lack of early diagnosis and mainly symptomatic treatment. Despite recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic methods, there are yet no reliable biomarkers identifying the complex pathways contributing to these pathologies. The development of new approaches for early diagnosis and new therapies, together with the identification of non-invasive and more cost-effective diagnostic biomarkers, is one of the main trends in NDD biomedical research. Here we summarize data on peripheral biomarkers, biofluids (cerebrospinal fluid and blood plasma), and peripheral blood cells (platelets (PLTs) and red blood cells (RBCs)), reported so far for the three most common NDDs-Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). PLTs and RBCs, beyond their primary physiological functions, are increasingly recognized as valuable sources of biomarkers for NDDs. Special attention is given to the morphological and nanomechanical signatures of PLTs and RBCs as biophysical markers for the three pathologies. Modifications of the surface nanostructure and morphometric and nanomechanical signatures of PLTs and RBCs from patients with AD, PD, and ALS have been revealed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM is currently experiencing rapid and widespread adoption in biomedicine and clinical medicine, in particular for early diagnostics of various medical conditions. AFM is a unique instrument without an analog, allowing the generation of three-dimensional cell images with extremely high spatial resolution at near-atomic scale, which are complemented by insights into the mechanical properties of cells and subcellular structures. Data demonstrate that AFM can distinguish between the three pathologies and the normal, healthy state. The specific PLT and RBC signatures can serve as biomarkers in combination with the currently used diagnostic tools. We highlight the strong correlation of the morphological and nanomechanical signatures between RBCs and PLTs in PD, ALS, and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefka G. Taneva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. G. Bontchev” Str. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.T.); (T.A.)
| | - Svetla Todinova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. G. Bontchev” Str. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.T.); (T.A.)
| | - Tonya Andreeva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. G. Bontchev” Str. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.T.); (T.A.)
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Reutlingen University, Alteburgstraße 150, D-72762 Reutlingen, Germany
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Bhalla N, Payam AF. Addressing the Silent Spread of Monkeypox Disease with Advanced Analytical Tools. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206633. [PMID: 36517107 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Monkeypox disease is caused by a virus which belongs to the orthopoxvirus genus of the poxviridae family. This disease has recently spread out to several non-endemic countries. While some cases have been linked to travel from endemic regions, more recent infections are thought to have spread in the community without any travel links, raising the risks of a wider outbreak. This state of public health represents a highly unusual event which requires urgent surveillance. In this context, the opportunities and technological challenges of current bio/chemical sensors, nanomaterials, nanomaterial characterization instruments, and artificially intelligent biosystems collectively called "advanced analytical tools" are reviewed here, which will allow early detection, characterization, and inhibition of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) in the community and limit its expansion from endemic to pandemic. A summary of background information is also provided from biological and epidemiological perspective of monkeypox to support the scientific case for its holistic management using advanced analytical tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Bhalla
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, York St., BT15 1ED Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Healthcare Technology Hub, Ulster University, York St., BT15 1ED Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Amir Farokh Payam
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, York St., BT15 1ED Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Healthcare Technology Hub, Ulster University, York St., BT15 1ED Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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Generalov SV, Erokhin PS, Kuznetsov OS, Abramova EG, Zhulidov IM, Osina NA. Determining the Specific Activity of Anti-Rabies Sera and Immunoglobulin Using Atomic Force Microscopy of Cell Cultures. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2021; 13:136-142. [PMID: 34484643 PMCID: PMC8377403 DOI: 10.18502/ajmb.v13i3.6362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mouse neutralization test is widely used to determine the level of anti-rabies antibodies, but it is labor-intensive and time consuming. Alternative methods for determining the neutralizing activity of anti-rabies sera and immunoglobulin in cell cultures are also known. Methods such as FAVN and RFFIT involve the use of fluorescent diagnostics. Determination of Cytopathic Effect (CPE) is often complicated due to features of rabies virus replication in cells. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is able to detect the interaction of the virus with the cell at an early stage. Therefore, in this study, a method has been developed for determining the specific activity of anti-rabies sera and immunoglobulin using AFM of cell cultures. METHODS The method is based on the preliminary interaction of rabies virus with samples of rabies sera or immunoglobulin drug, adding the specified reaction mixture to cell culture (Vero or BHK-21), and then measuring the surface roughness of the cells using AFM. AFM was carried out in the intermittent contact mode by the mismatch method in the semi-contact mode. The results were compared with the values obtained in the mouse neutralization test. The consistency of the results obtained by both methods was evaluated by Bland-Altman method. RESULTS The increment in the surface roughness of the cells is a consequence of the damaging effect of the virus, which is weakened as a result of its neutralization by rabies antibodies. A dilution allowing 50% suppression of the increase in the surface roughness of cells was selected as the titer of rabies sera or immunoglobulin. In this case, the recommended range for determining the antibody titer is from 1:100 to 1:3000. CONCLUSION For the first time, a new methodological approach in virology and pharmaceutical research is presented in this study. The use of the proposed methodological technique will reduce the time from 21 to 2 days to obtain results in comparison with the mouse neutralization test; also, fewer laboratory animals are required in this approach which is in agreement with 3 R Principle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pavel S. Erokhin
- Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”, Saratov, Russia
| | | | - Elena G. Abramova
- Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”, Saratov, Russia
- Saratov State Vavilov Agrarian University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Ivan M. Zhulidov
- Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”, Saratov, Russia
| | - Natalya A. Osina
- Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”, Saratov, Russia
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Kiss B, Mudra D, Török G, Mártonfalvi Z, Csík G, Herényi L, Kellermayer M. Single-particle virology. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:1141-1154. [PMID: 32880826 PMCID: PMC7471434 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00747-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of advanced experimental methodologies, such as optical tweezers, scanning-probe and super-resolved optical microscopies, has led to the evolution of single-molecule biophysics, a field of science that allows direct access to the mechanistic detail of biomolecular structure and function. The extension of single-molecule methods to the investigation of particles such as viruses permits unprecedented insights into the behavior of supramolecular assemblies. Here we address the scope of viral exploration at the level of individual particles. In an era of increased awareness towards virology, single-particle approaches are expected to facilitate the in-depth understanding, and hence combating, of viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bálint Kiss
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Mudra
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Török
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Mártonfalvi
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Csík
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Levente Herényi
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Kellermayer
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Adya AK, Canetta E. Nanotechnology and its applications to animal biotechnology. Anim Biotechnol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-811710-1.00014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lee GJ, Lee SH, Lee YJ, Quan FS. Nanostructural characterization of Sf9 cells during virus-like particles generation. SCANNING 2016; 38:735-742. [PMID: 27111226 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sf9 cells (a clonal isolate of Spodoptera frugiperda Sf21 cells) are commonly used to generate recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs). For VLPs generation, Sf9 cells are infected with recombinant baculoviruses (rBV) expressing desired proteins. During rBV infections, Sf9 cells have changes in cell diameters and surface structures. In this study, for the first time, we investigated nanostructural changes of Sf9 cells using atomic force microscopy (AFM) during VLPs generation containing Toxoplasma gondii rhoptry protein 18 (ROP 18). As results, Sf9 cells were changed to be larger at 2 days after rBV infections. They maintained their sizes and morphologies on day 3 and 4. Based on morphological (perimeter and diameter) and surface roughness (roughness average and root mean square) changes of Sf9 cells observed by AFM, we inferred that these nanostructural changes in Sf9 cell membranes might be due to the production and extrusion of VLPs after rBV infection. Our results suggest that shape and roughness parameters of Sf9 cell morphology and membrane surface by AFM could be very effective for quantitative analysis of VLP production. This study provides important information about structural and mechanochemical properties of Sf9 cells which are closely related with biological function. SCANNING 38:735-742, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi-Ja Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Hwa Lee
- Department of Medical Zoology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Fu-Shi Quan
- Department of Medical Zoology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Santiago-Cordoba MA, Cetinkaya M, Boriskina SV, Vollmer F, Demirel MC. Ultrasensitive detection of a protein by optical trapping in a photonic-plasmonic microcavity. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2012; 5:629-38. [PMID: 22707455 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201200040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Microcavity and whispering gallery mode (WGM) biosensors derive their sensitivity from monitoring frequency shifts induced by protein binding at sites of highly confined field intensities, where field strengths can be further amplified by excitation of plasmon resonances in nanoparticle layers. Here, we propose a mechanism based on optical trapping of a protein at the site of plasmonic field enhancements for achieving ultra sensitive detection in only microliter-scale sample volumes, and in real-time. We demonstrate femto-Molar sensitivity corresponding to a few 1000 s of macromolecules. Simulations based on Mie theory agree well with the optical trapping concept at plasmonic 'hotspots' locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Santiago-Cordoba
- Materials Research Institute, 212 EES Bldg, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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9
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Kroon EG, Mota BEF, Abrahão JS, da Fonseca FG, de Souza Trindade G. Zoonotic Brazilian Vaccinia virus: from field to therapy. Antiviral Res 2011; 92:150-63. [PMID: 21896287 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Vaccinia virus (VACV), the prototype species of the Orthopoxvirus (OPV) genus, causes an occupational zoonotic disease in Brazil that is primarily associated with the handling of infected dairy cattle. Cattle and human outbreaks have been described in southeastern Brazil since 1999 and have now occurred in almost half of the territory. Phylogenetic studies have shown high levels of polymorphisms among isolated VACVs, which indicate the existence of at least two genetically divergent clades; this has also been proven in virulence assays in a mouse model system. In humans, VACV infection is characterized by skin lesions, primarily on the hands, accompanied by systemic symptoms such as fever, myalgia, headache and lymphadenopathy. In this review, we will discuss the virological, epidemiological, ecological and clinical aspects of VACV infection, its diagnosis and compounds that potentially could be used for the treatment of severe cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna Geessien Kroon
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil.
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Jarocka U, Wąsowicz M, Radecka H, Malinowski T, Michalczuk L, Radecki J. Impedimetric Immunosensor for Detection of Plum Pox Virus in Plant Extracts. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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Coelho-Dos-Reis JGA, Gomes OA, Bortolini DE, Martins ML, Almeida MR, Martins CS, Carvalho LD, Souza JG, Vilela JMC, Andrade MS, Barbosa-Stancioli EF. Evaluation of the effects of Quercetin and Kaempherol on the surface of MT-2 cells visualized by atomic force microscopy. J Virol Methods 2011; 174:47-52. [PMID: 21507333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the anti-viral effects of the polyphenolic compounds Quercetin and Kaempherol on the release of HTLV-1 from the surface of MT-2 cells. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to scan the surface of the MT-2 cells. MT-2 cells were fixed with 100% methanol on round glass lamina or cleaved mica and dried under UV light and laminar flow. The images were captured on a Multimode equipment monitored by a NanoScope IIId controller from Veeco Instruments Inc operated in tapping mode and equipped with phase-imaging hardware. The images demonstrated viral budding structures 131 ± 57 nm in size, indicating profuse viral budding. Interestingly, cell-free viruses and budding structures visualized on the surface of cells were less common when MT-2 was incubated with Quercetin, and no particles were seen on the surface of cells incubated with Kaempherol. In summary, these data indicate that HTLV-1 is budding constantly from the MT-2 cell surface and that polyphenolic compounds were able to reduce this viral release. Biological samples were analyzed with crude cell preparations just after cultivation in the presence of Quercetin and Kaempherol, showing that the AFM technique is a rapid and powerful tool for analysis of antiviral activity of new biological compounds.
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Abrahão JS, Drumond BP, Trindade GDS, da Silva-Fernandes AT, Ferreira JMS, Alves PA, Campos RK, Siqueira L, Bonjardim CA, Ferreira PCP, Kroon EG. Rapid detection of Orthopoxvirus by semi-nested PCR directly from clinical specimens: a useful alternative for routine laboratories. J Med Virol 2010; 82:692-9. [PMID: 20166167 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Orthopoxvirus (OPV) has been associated with worldwide exanthematic outbreaks, which have resulted in serious economic losses as well as impact on public health. Although the current classical and molecular methods are useful for the diagnosis of OPV, they are largely inaccessible to unsophisticated clinical laboratories. The major reason for the inaccessibility is that they require both virus isolation and DNA manipulation. In this report, a rapid, sensitive and low-cost semi-nested PCR method is described for the detection of OPV DNA directly from clinical specimens. A set of primers was designed to amplify the conserved OPV vgf gene. The most useful thermal and chemical conditions were selected and minimum non-inhibitory dilutions were determined. More than 100 Brazilian Vaccinia virus (VACV) field clinical specimens were tested using this semi-nested PCR in order to confirm its applicability. Cowpox virus was also detected by PCR from the ear scabs of scarified Balb/c mice. In addition, the method was highly sensitive for the detection of VACV DNA in murine blood and excreta, which are among the suggested reservoirs of OPV. Together, these data suggest that semi-nested PCR can be used for initial screening for OPV and as a routine diagnostic laboratory method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jônatas Santos Abrahão
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Wang J, Yang Y, Zhou L, Wang J, Jiang Y, Hu K, Sun X, Hou Y, Zhu Z, Guo Z, Ding Y, Yang R. Simultaneous detection of five biothreat agents in powder samples by a multiplexed suspension array. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2010; 31:417-27. [PMID: 19555207 DOI: 10.1080/08923970902740837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A suspension array-based multiplexed immunoassay was developed for rapid, sensitive, specific, and simultaneous detection of multiple biothreat-associated agents in powder samples. The 5-plexed immunoassays using sets of 9-plexed coupled fluorescent beads were employed to simultaneously detect five representative biothreat agents, including B. anthracis spore, Y. pestis, SARS-CoV, staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and ricin from a single powder sample and the feasibility for field samples was demonstrated by both blinded and standard laboratory trials. The detection sensitivity and dynamic range for the five biothreat agents from different powders might be varied depending on the nature of the powder and the feature of the contaminating agent. The limit of detection for Y. pestis, B. anthracis spores, SEB, ricin, SARS-CoV N protein in milk powder was 20 cfu, 111 cfu, 110pg, 5.4 ng and 2 ng per test respectively. Compared to conventional ELISA method, the suspension array has a higher sensitive ability, and can detect five biothreat agents simultaneously with high reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Institute of Health Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Jin H, Xing X, Zhao H, Chen Y, Huang X, Ma S, Ye H, Cai J. Detection of erythrocytes influenced by aging and type 2 diabetes using atomic force microscope. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 391:1698-702. [PMID: 20040363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.12.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiological changes of erythrocytes are detected at the molecular scale, which is important to reveal the onset of diseases. Type 2 diabetes is an age-related metabolic disorder with high prevalence in elderly (or old) people. Up to now, there are no treatments to cure diabetes. Therefore, early detection and the ability to monitor the progression of type 2 diabetes are very important for developing effective therapies. Type 2 diabetes is associated with high blood glucose in the context of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. These abnormalities may disturb the architecture and functions of erythrocytes at molecular scale. In this study, the aging- and diabetes-induced changes in morphological and biomechanical properties of erythrocytes are clearly characterized at nanometer scale using atomic force microscope (AFM). The structural information and mechanical properties of the cell surface membranes of erythrocytes are very important indicators for determining the healthy, diseased or aging status. So, AFM may potentially be developed into a powerful tool in diagnosing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Jin
- Chemistry Department, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Abstract
The term "biological complexes" broadly encompasses particles as diverse as multisubunit enzymes, viral capsids, transport cages, molecular nets, ribosomes, nucleosomes, biological membrane components and amyloids. The complexes represent a broad range of stability and composition. Atomic force microscopy offers a wealth of structural and functional data about such assemblies. For this review, we choose to comment on the significance of AFM to study various aspects of biology of selected nonmembrane protein assemblies. Such particles are large enough to reveal many structural details under the AFM probe. Importantly, the specific advantages of the method allow for gathering dynamic information about their formation, stability or allosteric structural changes critical for their function. Some of them have already found their way to nanomedical or nanotechnological applications. Here we present examples of studies where the AFM provided pioneering information about the biology of complexes, and examples of studies where the simplicity of the method is used toward the development of potential diagnostic applications.
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Ferreira GP, Trindade GS, Vilela JMC, Da Silva MIN, Andrade MS, Kroon EG. Climbing the steps of viral atomic force microscopy: visualization of Dengue virus particles. J Microsc 2008; 231:180-5. [PMID: 18638201 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2008.02028.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the application of atomic force microscopy (AFM) to biological systems has highlighted the potential of this technology. AFM provides insights into studies of biological structures and interactions and can also identify and characterize a large panel of pathogens, including viruses. The Flaviviridae family contains a number of viruses that are important human and animal pathogens. Among them, Dengue virus causes epidemics with fatal outcomes mainly in the tropics. In this study, Dengue virus is visualized for the first time using the in air AFM technique. Images were obtained from a potassium-tartrate gradient-purified virus. This study enhances the application of AFM as a novel tool for the visualization and characterization of virus particles. Because flavivirus members are closely related, studies of the morphologic structure of the Dengue virus can reveal strategies that may be useful to identify and study other important viruses in the family, including the West Nile virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Ferreira
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, caixa postal 486, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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de Souza Trindade G, Li Y, Olson VA, Emerson G, Regnery RL, da Fonseca FG, Kroon EG, Damon I. Real-time PCR assay to identify variants of Vaccinia virus: implications for the diagnosis of bovine vaccinia in Brazil. J Virol Methods 2008; 152:63-71. [PMID: 18602170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2008.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2008] [Revised: 05/12/2008] [Accepted: 05/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring infections of Vaccinia virus (VACV) have been recognized in Brazil during the past 10 years. Human Brazilian Vaccinia virus (BVV) infections typically occur as a zoonosis transferred from affected dairy cows to their handlers. Outbreaks have caused notable economic losses to the rural community in the region. The origins of BVV are unclear but previous analyses have shown that at least two distinct clades of BVV exist. The aim of this study was to develop a rapid and inexpensive process for identification and differentiation of BVV that should facilitate epidemiological and ecological investigations including the improved diagnosis of Brazilian Orthopoxvirus infections. A SYBR green quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the hemagglutinin gene was developed to identify different populations of BVV, VACV vaccine strains used in Brazil during the smallpox eradication campaign (Vaccinia Lister (VACV-LIS) and New York City Board of Health (VACV-NYCBH)), and currently available vaccines (VACV-NYCBH DRYVAX and VACV-NYCBH Acambis 2000). Three primer combinations (one to amplify many orthopoxviruses including all vaccinia viruses described so far; one to differentiate BVV from vaccine strains (VACV-LIS, VACV-NYCBH DRYVAX and VACV-NYCBH Acambis 2000); and one to differentiate BVV clades) were designed to work at the same annealing temperature and reaction conditions. In addition, these methods were able to detect orthopoxvirus viral DNA in lesion biopsy material without the need for DNA extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giliane de Souza Trindade
- Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne and Enteric Diseases, Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States.
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Zhou X, Liu L, Hu M, Wang L, Hu J. Detection of hepatitis B virus by piezoelectric biosensor. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2002; 681:8-15. [PMID: 11682242 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Revised: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A highly sensitive piezoelectric HBV DNA biosensor has been developed based on the sensitive mass-transducing function of the quartz crystal microbalance and the speciality of nucleic acid hybridization reaction. HBV nucleic acid probe was immobilized onto the gold electrodes of a 9 MHz AT-cut piezoelectric quartz crystal with the polyethyleneimine adhesion, glutaraldehyde cross-linking (PEI-Glu) method or the physical adsorption method. The coated crystal with the PEI-Glu method to immobilized HBV nucleic acid probe showed the better results than the physical adsorption method with respect to sensitivity reproducibility and stability. The frequency shifts of hybridization have better linear relationship with the amount of HBV DNA, when the amount was in range 0.02-0.14 microg/ml. The crystal could be regenerated nearly five times without perceptible decrease of sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhou
- Department of Analysis-Measurement Science, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, PR China
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