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Zhao X, Li Y, Duan Y, Amin A, Xie Y, Shi C, Ma C. A simple methodology for RNA isolation from bacteria by integration of formamide extraction and chitosan-modified silica purification. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:6469-6477. [PMID: 34505946 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03644-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
RNA isolation from bacteria is technically difficult due to the RNA characteristic of labile and vulnerable degradation. Many reagents were explored for cellular lysis and complete inhibition of RNase. However, the available methods for RNA isolation are either of low efficiency or time-consuming. Here, we developed a rapid and accessible protocol for RNA isolation that combined a simplified cell lysis and RNA release by formamide-based solution and RNA purification by chitosan-modified silica membrane for the first time. With this method, we obtained about ~ 28 μg of total RNA from 108 Escherichia coli cells. The entire procedure can be done within 15 min without redundant pipetting steps. The purity of extracted RNA was comparable to that of commercial kits, but the cost was much lower. Furthermore, the yielded RNA was successfully used in downstream enzymatic reactions, such as reverse transcription and quantitative real-time PCR. This new method would be of benefit for an extensive range of gene expression analyses in bacterial organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Detection Engineering Research Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, Shandong, China
| | - Yong Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Detection Engineering Research Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, Shandong, China
| | - Yake Duan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Detection Engineering Research Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, Shandong, China
| | - Amr Amin
- Biology Department, College of Science, UAE University, Al Ain, 15551, UAE
| | - Yingqiu Xie
- Biology Department, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, 010000
| | - Chao Shi
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, and Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Cuiping Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Detection Engineering Research Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, Shandong, China.
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Kim JM, Cho K, Yoon BS. Application of ultra-rapid qPCR and DNA chips for viral RNA detection and confirmation. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2018; 66:224-230. [PMID: 30450586 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The rapid and accurate detection of the presence of microorganisms, such as viruses, has been an important issue in the fields of public health, as well as agriculture. A PCR-based detection method has been developed and applied in these fields to determine the presence of specific pathogens. Although the major advantage of real-time PCR is the monitoring of amplification and ability to quantify the template genes, the method described here should solve the problem of nonspecific product synthesis. We obtained viral RNA from infected samples by freezing and thawing; we rapidly synthesized cDNA from RNA, and then amplified the cDNA by rapid PCR in 10 Min. Finally, the PCR products were hybridized and quickly confirmed to be the target analyte on a DNA chip. Our newly proposed methods overcome the drawbacks of PCR-based detection and provide three additional advantages, namely, rapidly obtaining large amounts of RNA from samples, quickly detecting infective or pathogenic genes, and speedily confirming the detected exogenous genes. This application might be useful for detecting viral RNA and for the diagnosis of RNA virus-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Min Kim
- Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungjoo Cho
- Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Su Yoon
- Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Jones RA, Brophy PM, Davis CN, Davies TE, Emberson H, Rees Stevens P, Williams HW. Detection of Galba truncatula, Fasciola hepatica and Calicophoron daubneyi environmental DNA within water sources on pasture land, a future tool for fluke control? Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:342. [PMID: 29884202 PMCID: PMC5994096 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2928-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing trematode prevalence and disease occurrence in livestock is a major concern. With the global spread of anthelmintic resistant trematodes, future control strategies must incorporate approaches focusing on avoidance of infection. The reliance of trematodes on intermediate snail hosts to successfully complete their life-cycle means livestock infections are linked to the availability of respective snail populations. By identifying intermediate snail host habitats, infection risk models may be strengthened whilst farmers may confidently apply pasture management strategies to disrupt the trematode life-cycle. However, accurately identifying and mapping these risk areas is challenging. Methods In this study, environmental DNA (eDNA) assays were designed to reveal Galba truncatula, Fasciola hepatica and Calicophoron daubneyi presence within water sources on pasture land. eDNA was captured using a filter-based protocol, with DNA extracted using the DNeasy® PowerSoil® kit and amplified via PCR. In total, 19 potential G. truncatula habitats were analysed on four farms grazed by livestock infected with both F. hepatica and C. daubneyi. Results Galba truncatula eDNA was identified in 10/10 habitats where the snail was detected by eye. Galba truncatula eDNA was also identified in four further habitats where the snail was not physically detected. Fasciola hepatica and C. daubneyi eDNA was also identified in 5/19 and 8/19 habitats, respectively. Conclusions This study demonstrated that eDNA assays have the capabilities of detecting G. truncatula, F. hepatica and C. daubneyi DNA in the environment. Further assay development will be required for a field test capable of identifying and quantifying F. hepatica and C. daubneyi infection risk areas, to support future control strategies. An eDNA test would also be a powerful new tool for epidemiological investigations of parasite infections on farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys Aled Jones
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales, UK
| | - Peter M Brophy
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales, UK
| | - Chelsea N Davis
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales, UK
| | - Teri E Davies
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales, UK
| | - Holly Emberson
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales, UK
| | - Pauline Rees Stevens
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales, UK
| | - Hefin Wyn Williams
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales, UK.
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Xie Y, Qiu N, Wang G. Toward a better guard of coastal water safety-Microbial distribution in coastal water and their facile detection. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 118:5-16. [PMID: 28215556 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Prosperous development in marine-based tourism has raised increasing concerns over the sanitary quality of coastal waters with potential microbial contamination. The World Health Organization has set stringent standards over a list of pathogenic microorganisms posing potential threats to people with frequent coastal water exposure and has asked for efficient detection procedures for pathogen facile identification. Inspection of survey events regarding the occurrence of marine pathogens in recreational beaches in recent years has reinforced the need for the development of a rapid identification procedure. In this review, we examine the possibility of recruiting uniform molecular assays to identify different marine pathogens and the feasibility of appropriate biomarkers, including enterochelin biosynthetic genes, for general toxicity assays. The focus is not only on bacterial pathogens but also on other groups of infectious pathogens. The ultimate goal is the development of a handy method to more efficiently and rapidly detect marine pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxuan Xie
- Tianjin University Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ning Qiu
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Guangyi Wang
- Tianjin University Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Huver JR, Koprivnikar J, Johnson PTJ, Whyard S. Development and application of an eDNA method to detect and quantify a pathogenic parasite in aquatic ecosystems. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2015; 25:991-1002. [PMID: 26380540 PMCID: PMC4570504 DOI: 10.1890/14-1530.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Approaches based on organismal DNA found in the environment (eDNA) have become increasingly utilized for ecological studies and biodiversity inventories as an alternative to traditional field survey methods. Such DNA-based techniques have largely been used to establish the presence of free-living organisms, but have much potential for detecting and quantifying infectious agents in the environment, which is necessary to evaluate disease risk. We developed an eDNA method to examine the distribution and abundance of the trematode Ribeiroia ondatrae, a pathogenic parasite known to cause malformations in North American amphibians. In addition to comparing this eDNA approach to classical host necropsy, we examined the detectability of R. ondatrae in water samples subject to different degradation conditions (time and temperature). Our test exhibited high specificity and sensitivity to R. ondatrae, capable of detecting as little as 14 fg (femtograms) of this parasite's DNA (1/2500th of a single infectious stage) from field water samples. Compared to our results from amphibian host necropsy, quantitative PCR was -90% concordant with respect to R. ondatrae detection from 15 field sites and was also a significant predictor of host infection abundance. DNA was still detectable in lab samples after 21 days at 25°C, indicating that our method is robust to field conditions. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of eDNA vs. traditional survey methods for determining pathogen presence and abundance in the field, we found that the lower cost and effort associated with eDNA approaches provide many advantages. The development of alternative tools is critical for disease ecology, as wildlife management and conservation efforts require reliable establishment and monitoring of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. R. Huver
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba
| | | | - P. T. J. Johnson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - S. Whyard
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba
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Hill VR, Narayanan J, Gallen RR, Ferdinand KL, Cromeans T, Vinjé J. Development of a nucleic Acid extraction procedure for simultaneous recovery of DNA and RNA from diverse microbes in water. Pathogens 2015; 4:335-54. [PMID: 26016775 PMCID: PMC4493477 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens4020335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drinking and environmental water samples contain a diverse array of constituents that can interfere with molecular testing techniques, especially when large volumes of water are concentrated to the small volumes needed for effective molecular analysis. In this study, a suite of enteric viruses, bacteria, and protozoan parasites were seeded into concentrated source water and finished drinking water samples, in order to investigate the relative performance of nucleic acid extraction techniques for molecular testing. Real-time PCR and reverse transcription-PCR crossing threshold (CT) values were used as the metrics for evaluating relative performance. Experimental results were used to develop a guanidinium isothiocyanate-based lysis buffer (UNEX buffer) that enabled effective simultaneous extraction and recovery of DNA and RNA from the suite of study microbes. Procedures for bead beating, nucleic acid purification, and PCR facilitation were also developed and integrated in the protocol. The final lysis buffer and sample preparation procedure was found to be effective for a panel of drinking water and source water concentrates when compared to commercial nucleic acid extraction kits. The UNEX buffer-based extraction protocol enabled PCR detection of six study microbes, in 100 L finished water samples from four drinking water treatment facilities, within three CT values (i.e., within 90% difference) of the reagent-grade water control. The results from this study indicate that this newly formulated lysis buffer and sample preparation procedure can be useful for standardized molecular testing of drinking and environmental waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent R Hill
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop D-66, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
| | - Jothikumar Narayanan
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop D-66, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
| | - Rachel R Gallen
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop D-66, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
| | - Karen L Ferdinand
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
| | - Theresa Cromeans
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
| | - Jan Vinjé
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
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Jin M, Guo X, Wang XW, Yang D, Shen ZQ, Qiu ZG, Chen ZL, Li JW. Development of a novel filter cartridge system with electropositive granule media to concentrate viruses from large volumes of natural surface water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:6947-6956. [PMID: 24865258 DOI: 10.1021/es501415m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to various infectious viruses in environmental drinking water can constitute a public health risk. However, it is difficult to detect viruses in water due to their low concentration. In this study, we have developed a novel filter cartridge system containing electropositive granule media (EGM). Viruses present in large volumes of environmental samples were adsorbed onto the EGM, and then recovered by elution and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) concentration. To evaluate the system's efficiency in viral recovery, poliovirus (PV-1), a surrogate for enteric viruses, was used to artificially contaminate river water samples which were then assayed by quantitative real-time PCR. To optimize the concentration procedure, the eluent type, water flow rate and properties (e.g., pH, bacterial, and viral loads), were evaluated. The highest virus recovery was obtained by pumping river water at a flow rate of 300 mL/min and then pushing 3 L of an eluent containing 3× broth [1.5% (w/v) NaCl, 3% (w/v) tryptone, 1.5% (w/v) beef powder] with 0.05 mol/L glycine through the filter. Using this procedure, the recovery efficiencies of PV-1 from 10 to 100 L of spiked river water were up to 99%. In addition, this method is virus load and pH dependent. Virus recovery was maximal at a load of between 10(3.5) and 10(5.5) TCID50 and a pH ranging from 5 to 7. The bacterial load in the water has no effect on virus recovery. Different types of viruses and surface water were tested to validate the system's applicability. Results revealed that the EGM filter cartridge was able to concentrate PV-1, human adenoviruses (HAdVs) and noroviruses (HuNoVs) with high efficiency from river, lake, and reservoir water. Furthermore, it showed more efficient recovery than glass wool and 1MDS filters. These data suggest that this system provides rapid and efficient virus recovery from a large volume of natural surface water and, as such, could be a useful tool in revealing the presence of viruses in surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jin
- Department of Environment and Health, Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety , Tianjin 300050, China
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Connell C, Tong HI, Wang Z, Allmann E, Lu Y. New approaches for enhanced detection of enteroviruses from Hawaiian environmental waters. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32442. [PMID: 22567083 PMCID: PMC3342282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Health risks associated with sewage-contaminated recreational waters are of important public health concern. Reliable water monitoring systems are therefore crucial. Current recreational water quality criteria rely predominantly on the enumeration of bacterial indicators, while potentially dangerous viral pathogens often remain undetected. Human enteric viruses have been proposed as alternative indicators; however, their detection is often hindered by low viral concentrations present in the environment. Reported here are novel and effective laboratory protocols for viral concentration and highly sensitive and optimized RT-PCR for the efficient detection of enteroviruses, an important enteric virus subset, in Hawaiian environmental waters. Eighteen published enterovirus primer pairs were comparatively evaluated for detection sensitivity. The primer set exhibiting the lowest detection limit under optimized conditions, EQ-1/EQ-2, was validated in a field survey of 22 recreational bodies of water located around the island of Oahu, Hawaii. Eleven sites tested positive for enterovirus, indicating fecal contamination at these locations. As an additional means of viral concentration, shellfish were collected from 9 sample sites and subjected to dissection, RNA extraction, and subsequent RT-PCR. Shellfish tissue from 6 of 9 sites tested positive for enterovirus. The techniques implemented here are valuable resources to aid accurate reflection of microbial contamination in Hawaii’s environmental waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Connell
- Departments of Public Health Sciences and Microbiology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Hsin-I Tong
- Departments of Public Health Sciences and Microbiology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Zi Wang
- Departments of Public Health Sciences and Microbiology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Erin Allmann
- Departments of Public Health Sciences and Microbiology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Yuanan Lu
- Departments of Public Health Sciences and Microbiology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
- * E-mail: Yuanan Lu
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Rodríguez RA, Thie L, Gibbons CD, Sobsey MD. Reducing the effects of environmental inhibition in quantitative real-time PCR detection of adenovirus and norovirus in recreational seawaters. J Virol Methods 2012; 181:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Abbas MD, Nazir J, Stumpf P, Marschang RE. Role of Water Fleas (Daphniamagna)in the Accumulation of Avian Influenza Viruses from the Surrounding Water. Intervirology 2012; 55:365-71. [DOI: 10.1159/000334691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Sankar S, Ramamurthy M, Nandagopal B, Srikanth P, Venkatraman G, Sridharan G. Molecular and nanotechnologic approaches to etiologic diagnosis of infectious syndromes. Mol Diagn Ther 2011; 15:145-58. [PMID: 21766906 PMCID: PMC7100041 DOI: 10.1007/bf03256405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a major global public health problem. Multiple agents are now recognized to cause indistinguishable illnesses. The term ‘syndrome’ applies to such situations, for which early and rapid diagnosis of the infecting agent would enable prompt and appropriate therapy. Public health physicians would also get timely information on the specific etiology of the infectious syndrome, facilitating intervention at the community level in the face of outbreaks or epidemics. A variety of molecular techniques have been evaluated for rapid diagnosis of infectious syndromes. These techniques include real-time multiplex PCR, DNA microarray, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, and other similar assays. This review surveys such state-of-the-art technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Sankar
- Division of Biomedical Research, Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre, Thirumalaikodi, Sripuram, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Ming HX, Zhu L, Zhang Y. Rapid quantification of infectious enterovirus from surface water in Bohai Bay, China using an integrated cell culture-qPCR assay. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2011; 62:2047-2054. [PMID: 21889173 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To rapidly quantify infectious enteroviruses polluting the coastal seawaters, a newly developed integrated cell culture and reverse transcription quantitative PCR (ICC-RT-qPCR) assay was used to identify the contamination by enteroviruses in winter seawater samples of Bohai Bay, Tianjin, China. The gene copies of enteroviral 5'UTRs correlated to the initial inoculum numbers across the concentration range of 0.05-500 PFU mL(-1) (correlation coefficient (R(2)) was 0.9667). ICC-qPCR revealed that five of seven samples (70.4%) were positive for infectious enteroviruses. The concentration of enteroviruses was estimated at 0.2-21 PFU L(-1). The result demonstrated that the contamination of enteroviruses in this coastal area may constitute a potential public health risk. This study established a practical assay for widespread monitoring studies of aquatic environments for viral contamination and provided meaningful data for human waterborne viral risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Ming
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Pollution and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Wu J, Rodriguez R, Stewart J, Sobsey M. A simple and novel method for recovering adenovirus 41 in small volumes of source water. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 110:1332-40. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.04987.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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